technology needs assessment adaptation sector jamaica technology needs assessment workshop june 29...

Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector

Jamaica Technology Needs Assessment

Workshop June 29 2005

Rawleston Moore

Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector

Is there such a thing as a Technology for Adaptation?

Adaptation defined as “adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, that moderates harm and exploits beneficial opportunities”

Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector

“Any application of equipment, techniques, practical knowledge or skills that would allow natural or human systems to adjust to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, by moderating harm or exploiting beneficial opportunities”

Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector

What is Technology Needs Assessment (TNA)

TNA- Prioritizes Technologies, Practices and Policy Reforms that can be implemented in different sectors of a country to adapt to climate change

Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector

TNA: identification and evaluation of equipment, techniques, practical knowledge or skills for addressing a particular purpose or activity

Purpose/activity: climate change response - Adaptation

IPCC Definition-

Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector

TNA not a stand alone activity- Continuation of work carried out or identified

in Jamaican Initial National Communications and will be continued in Second National Communications

TNA- Can be considered as an approach by which development and climate change response needs and technology opportunities are integrated

Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector

Generic Activities Involved in TNA

1-Overview of sectors

2-Priority setting and criteria for technology assessment

3-Barrier analysis and policy needs

4-Stakeholder consultation

5-Synthesis report

Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector

OVERVIEW OF SECTOR– Preliminary assessment of current status

Drawn from existing data and information e.g. First national communication of Jamaica.

– Identification of vulnerable sectors in first national communication

Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector

PRIORITY SETTING AND CRITERIA FOR TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT

-Which areas should be priorities?

Coastal Zones?,

Water Sector?,

Agriculture?,

Health?

Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector

PRIORITY SETTING AND CRITERIA FOR TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT

What Criteria should be used for identification and selection of technologies?

Vulnerability Reduction PotentialDevelopment Criteria-job benefits, build capacityFinance- Capital, affordability, market potentialCapacity RequirementsProven Technology

Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector

PRIORITY SETTING AND CRITERIA FOR TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT

Hard Technology vs Soft Technology

Potential to benefit from technology development and transfer

Policies that would support adoption of technologies identified

Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector

BARRIER ANALYSIS AND POLICY NEEDS

What are barriers preventing technology development and technology transfer?

Is there enough information on the various technologies?

What policies are needed to be put in place to improve technology transfer and development?

Social and cultural acceptability

Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector

BARRIER ANALYSIS AND POLICY NEEDS– Has enough vulnerability assessment work

been done?– Integrated and cross-cutting– Should be done at each step of the TNA

process

Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector

STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION

Expert Judgment and Knowledge of Sector

Wide Participation and transparent process

Report Preparation

Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector

Start of the Needs Assessment process which will continue during the second national communications

Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector

Example of Adaptation Technology. Electric Reefs- A solution for corals in peril

Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector

Biorock™ On underwater, conductive structures we assemble a positively

charged anode and a negatively charged cathode (structure)

Apply a low voltage electric current between them

– Safe for swimmers Which causes minerals to crystallize from seawater onto

structures Calcium carbonate, white limestone (CaCO3) is formed-Similar

to natural coral reefs and tropical white sand Corals adhere to limestone and grow quickly

How a Biorock™ Reef works

Cathode (-)Conductive Structure

Anode (+)

Solar collector or other power

supply

(CaCO3)

When a positively charged anode and a negatively charged cathode are suspended in sea water with an electric current flowing between them, calcium ions combine with carbonate ions and adhere to the structure (cathode).The result is calcium carbonate.Corals adhere to CaCO3 and grow quickly.

Coral Fragments

How to build an electric reef• Design the structure• Assemble the structure from conductive materials• Submerge the structure• Attach anode material• Attach wires from solar panel or voltage generator• Turn on current• Watch for bubbles

– Signifies limestone forming• Attach coral fragments• Watch the coral grow

Designing a structure

• Designs take into account depth, wave action, ocean bottom characteristics and aesthetics

• Structures are easily built with locally available conductive material (usually rebar)

Considerations for buildinga Biorock Reef

• Depth of water

• Type of ocean bottom

• Distance from shore

• Availability of electric power

• Availability of broken coral fragments

• Dedication to maintaining reef operation

• Funding

Typical costs• Design —• Rebar —• Cables —• Solar collectors —• Voltage generators —• Labor —• Travel —• Licensing fees —• Consulting fees —

Biorock corals

• Grow 3-5 times faster

• Heal more than 20 times faster

• Survive high temperatures 16-50 times more

• Have hundreds of times more baby coral settlement

• Attract incredible numbers of fish

• Corals can survive under lethal conditions• Reefs can be quickly restored where they can’t

recover naturally• Fishermen can grow reefs and greatly increase

fish and shellfish populations and catches, becoming farmers instead of hunters

• Breakwaters can be built for a fraction of the price of concrete or stone, with vastly greater environmental benefits

Global Coral Reef Alliance

Dr. Thomas J. Goreau PresidentGlobal Coral Reef Alliance37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139,

USATelephone:  617-864-4226, 617-864-0433E-mail: goreau@bestweb.netWeb site: http://www.globalcoral.org 

Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector

THANK YOU