task based language teaching (formato 2010)
Post on 01-Dec-2014
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Task-Based Language TeachingTBLT
What is TBLT?
It is an approach based on the use of tasks as the core unit of planning and instruction in language teaching.
What is a task?
A task is an activity or goal that is carried out using language.
Examples
Main points of TBL
Process
Communication and meaning
Purposeful activities and tasks
Theory of language
Language is primarily a means of making meaning Multiple models of language inform TBI: structural,
functional and interactional models of language. Lexical units are central in language use and
language learning “Conversation” is the central focus of language and
the keystone of language acquisition
Theory of learning
Tasks provide both the input and output processing necessary for language acquisition
Task activity and achievement are motivational
Learning difficulty can be negotiated and fine-tuned for particular pedagogical purposes
The syllabus
Conventional syllabus It specifies the content of a course:
– Language structures– Functions– Topics and themes– Macro-skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking)– Competencies– Text types– Vocabulary targets
Task-based syllabus It specifies the task that should be carried by learners within a
program:– Pedagogical tasks– Real-world tasks
The syllabus
Conventional syllabus It specifies learning outcomes.
Task-based syllabus It is more concerned with the process of learning.
Learner roles
Group participant
Monitor
Risk-taker and innovator
Teacher roles
Selector and sequencer of tasks
Preparing learners for tasks
Consciousness-raising
The role of instructional materials
Pedagogic Materials: They are limited only by the imagination of the task designer.
Realia: TBI proponents favor the use of authentic tasks supported by authentic materials wherever possible.
• Students examine a newspaper, determine its sections, and suggest three new sections that might go in the newspaper.
Newspapers
• After watching an episode of an unknown soap opera, students list the characters (with know or made-up names) and their possible relationship to other characters in the episode.
Television
• Seeking to find an inexpensive hotel in Tokyo, students search with three different search engines (e.g., Google, Yahoo), comparing search times and analyzing the first ten hits to determine most useful seach engine for their purpose.
Internet
Procedure
Jane Willis She teaches at Aston University,
UK, on their new modular Masters in TESOL/TESP. Her books include Teaching English Through English (Longman), Challenge and Change in Language Teaching (with Dave Willis, Heinemann), and A Framework for Task-based Learning (Longman).
Sequence of activities
Pretask
The task cycle
The language
focus
Pretask
Instructions to topic and task
The focus is on the topic.
There are no new structures introduced.
Instructions to do the task are given.
The task cycle
Task Planning Report Posttask listening
The language focus
Analysis
• Students are given an opportunity to reflect and analyse the new language which has emerged through the task.
Practice
• Students put the language acquired into practice.
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