targeted muscle reinnervation nicholas mulhern 10/9/12 bme 281

TARGETED MUSCLE REINNERVATIONNicholas Mulhern

10/9/12

BME 281

What is TMR• Surgical Method for patients with upper extremity

amputations • Reassigns nerves that once controlled the hand and arm • Enables patients the ability to control motorized

prosthetics and regain sensory feedback

Historical Background • First proposed in 1980 by Dr. Hoffer and Dr. Leob

– Nerve-Muscle Grafting

• Developed in 1995 by Dr. Todd Kuiken and DR. Gregory Dumanian NWU– Hyper-reinnevation on animals

• TMR for artificial limb control – First Human work 2002– Bilateral shoulder disarticulation amputee

Nerves

Use the Brachial Plexus Nerve bundle

Allow EMG Signals to be generated naturally by transferred residual nerves

Allows for sensory feedback to the brain (natural connection)

Brachial Plexus nerves drive all joint degrees of freedom

Surgical Procedure• Pectoral Muscles chosen for innervation

• Close to Shoulder • Biologically unused due to amputation

• First Muscles are denervation • Ligated Proximal end to prevent reinnervation

Musculocutaneous nerve Clavicular head of the Pectoralis major

Radial Nerve Lower sternal end of the Pectoralis Major

Median Nerve Upper Sternal of the Pectoralis Major

Surgical Procedure • The pectoralis minor is translocated

• From under the major to the chest wall

• Connect the Ulnar nerve • Removal of subcutaneous fat

• From over pectoral muscles to allow electrodes to be close to the muscles

Post Surgical Rehabilitation

Post Surgery• 3 months First muscle Twitches

• Bending Phantom Elbow

• 5 Months Could contract all 4 pectoralis positions separately

• Placed in training for all 27 motions • Use 128 monopolar electrodes to detect signal impulse

Proportional Control • Proportional EMG Control

• 4 EMG signal controls for 4 motions• Elbow (Flexion/extension)• Hand(open/ close)• Allows 2 degrees of freedom

EMG recording and Proccesing • Prosthetic control based on EMG from TMR muscles

• EMG: Electromyography

Purple: Direct control siteGreen: Electrode Placement

Most electrodes placed over muscles reinnervated by the median and radial nerves

Future Innovation • Enhance the Signals recorded

• Eliminate Crosstalk from other muscles• Create a more distinct signal during multiple contractions

• Incorporate a 6 motor prosthesis• TouchEMAS shoulder • a humeral rotator• Hand (Flex/ Exten)

• Improve TMR based NMI• Using more neural information• TMR uses nerves capable of controlling many muscles

Future Innovation

Thumb abduction Thumb Adduction Wrist Supination

Advantages • Attempt at Advanced motorized neural prosthetic control

using natural EMG signals• Doesn’t require any implants, Biocompatible• Targeted muscle acts as a natural amplifier • Multiple EMG signals produced allowing separate

functions controlled all at once • Intuitive to patients, based on nerves used

Sources • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeted_reinnervation• http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/

10.3109/03093640409167756• http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?

articleid=183371• Department of BME URI, BME 468 Slideshow 11