tackling extremism: a muslim perspective taalib alexander director, alhambra educational initiative
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TACKLING EXTREMISM:A MUSLIM PERSPECTIVE
TAALIB ALEXANDERDirector, Alhambra Educational Initiative
In The Name of Allah The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
Contextualising Convert Muslim Extremism
Muslim Radicalisation: The Social Context
Muslim Radicalisation: The Theological Context
Muslim Initiatives to Tackle Extremism: STREET
Conclusion
Introduction
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
Contextualising Convert Muslim Extremism
Muslim Radicalisation: The Social Context
Muslim Radicalisation: The Theological Context
Muslim Initiatives to Tackle Extremism: STREET
Conclusion
Introduction
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
Contextualising Convert Muslim Extremism
Muslim Radicalisation: The Social Context
Muslim Radicalisation: The Theological Context
Muslim Initiatives to Tackle Extremism: STREET
Conclusion
Introduction
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
Contextualising Convert Muslim Extremism
Muslim Radicalisation: The Social Context
Muslim Radicalisation: The Theological Context
Muslim Initiatives to Tackle Extremism: STREET
Conclusion
Introduction
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
Contextualising Convert Muslim Extremism
Muslim Radicalisation: The Social Context
Muslim Radicalisation: The Theological Context
Muslim Initiatives to Tackle Extremism: STREET
Conclusion
Introduction
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
Contextualising Convert Muslim Extremism
Muslim Radicalisation: The Social Context
Muslim Radicalisation: The Theological Context
Muslim Initiatives to Tackle Extremism: STREET
Conclusion
Introduction
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Debates on Islam are seldom neutral
Terror attacks have placed converts under the spotlight
Does Conversion necessarily lead to extremism?
Post Cold War, Islam is now a policy objective
INTRODUCTION
Debates on Islam are seldom neutral
Terror attacks have placed converts under the spotlight
Does Conversion necessarily lead to extremism?
Post Cold War, Islam is now a policy objective
INTRODUCTION
Debates on Islam are seldom neutral
Terror attacks have placed converts under the spotlight
Does Conversion necessarily lead to extremism?
Post Cold War, Islam is now a policy objective
INTRODUCTION
Debates on Islam are seldom neutral
Terror attacks have placed converts under the spotlight
Does Conversion necessarily lead to extremism?
Post Cold War, Islam is now a policy objective
CONTEXTUALISING CONVERTMUSLIM EXTREMISM
CONTEXTUALISING CONVERT MUSLIM EXTREMISM
Conversion is a dynamic process
Understanding conversion is important
What is the relationship between conversion & terror
Converts are steadily increasing
CONTEXTUALISING CONVERT MUSLIM EXTREMISM
Conversion is a dynamic process
Understanding conversion is important
What is the relationship between conversion & terror
Converts are steadily increasing
CONTEXTUALISING CONVERT MUSLIM EXTREMISM
Conversion is a dynamic process
Understanding conversion is important
What is the relationship between conversion & terror
Converts are steadily increasing
CONTEXTUALISING CONVERT MUSLIM EXTREMISM
Conversion is a dynamic process
Understanding conversion is important
What is the relationship between conversion & terror
Converts are steadily increasing
CONTEXTUALISING CONVERT MUSLIM EXTREMISM
Founding Phase(Conversion)
Youthful Phase(Formative)
Adult Phase(Foundational)
Mature Phase(Reflective)
The Rationale for grassroots intervention initiatives: A STREET perspective
THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE POST CONVERSION PROCESS
CONTEXTUALISING CONVERT MUSLIM EXTREMISM
Founding Phase(Conversion)
Youthful Phase(Formative)
Adult Phase(Foundational)
Mature Phase(Reflective)
The Rationale for grassroots intervention initiatives: A STREET perspective
THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE POST CONVERSION PROCESS
CONTEXTUALISING CONVERT MUSLIM EXTREMISM
Founding Phase(Conversion)
Youthful Phase(Formative)
Adult Phase(Foundational)
Mature Phase(Reflective)
The Rationale for grassroots intervention initiatives: A STREET perspective
THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE POST CONVERSION PROCESS
CONTEXTUALISING CONVERT MUSLIM EXTREMISM
Founding Phase(Conversion)
Youthful Phase(Formative)
Adult Phase(Foundational)
Mature Phase(Reflective)
The Rationale for grassroots intervention initiatives: A STREET perspective
THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE POST CONVERSION PROCESS
CONTEXTUALISING CONVERT MUSLIM EXTREMISM
Founding Phase(Conversion)
Youthful Phase(Formative)
Adult Phase(Foundational)
Mature Phase(Reflective)
The Rationale for grassroots intervention initiatives: A STREET perspective
THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE POST CONVERSION PROCESS
CONTEXTUALISING CONVERT MUSLIM EXTREMISM
Founding Phase(Conversion)
Youthful Phase(Formative)
Adult Phase(Foundational)
Mature Phase(Reflective)
The Rationale for grassroots intervention initiatives: A STREET perspective
THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE POST CONVERSION PROCESS
MUSLIM RADICALISATION:
THE SOCIAL CONTEXT
MUSLIM RADICALISATION: THE SOCIAL CONTEXT
Social factors are indicative not blanket indictors
Social factors may be a reason for conversion
Social factors are important factors for black converts
Social factors play a key role in social disposition
MUSLIM RADICALISATION: THE SOCIAL CONTEXT
Social factors are indicative not blanket indictors
Social factors may be a reason for conversion
Social factors are important factors for black converts
Social factors play a key role in social disposition
MUSLIM RADICALISATION: THE SOCIAL CONTEXT
Social factors are indicative not blanket indictors
Social factors may be a reason for conversion
Social factors are important factors for black converts
Social factors play a key role in social disposition
MUSLIM RADICALISATION: THE SOCIAL CONTEXT
Social factors are indicative not blanket indictors
Social factors may be a reason for conversion
Social factors are important factors for black converts
Social factors play a key role in social disposition
MUSLIM RADICALISATION: THE SOCIAL CONTEXT
Race & Ethnicity
Social Class
Family
MUSLIM RADICALISATION:
THE THEOLOGICAL CONTEXT
MUSLIM RADICALISATION: THE THEOLOGICAL CONTEXT
Three stages of radicalisation
Ideology presented as theology
Initiated by particular ideologues
Professor al-Ruhaili’s heuristic model:
MUSLIM RADICALISATION: THE THEOLOGICAL CONTEXT
Three stages of radicalisation
Ideology presented as theology
Initiated by particular ideologues
Professor al-Ruhaili’s heuristic model:
MUSLIM RADICALISATION: THE THEOLOGICAL CONTEXT
Three stages of radicalisation
Ideology presented as theology
Initiated by particular ideologues
Professor al-Ruhaili’s heuristic model:
MUSLIM RADICALISATION: THE THEOLOGICAL CONTEXT
Three stages of radicalisation
Ideology presented as theology
Initiated by particular ideologues
Professor al-Ruhaili’s heuristic model:
THREE STAGES OF RADICALISATION
Renunciation(Takfeer)
Terrorism(Tafjeer)
Disaffection(Tanfeer)
THREE STAGES OF RADICALISATION
Four essential characteristics:
I. Cultivation upon ideological texts & personalities II. Propagation of Ideological principles
First stage: Disaffection - Tanfeer
III. Disaffection from the orthodox Islamic scholars
VI. Alienation from the general body of Muslims
THREE STAGES OF RADICALISATION
Four essential characteristics:
I. Cultivation upon ideological texts & personalities II. Propagation of Ideological principles
First stage: Disaffection - Tanfeer
III. Disaffection from the orthodox Islamic scholars
VI. Alienation from the general body of Muslims
THREE STAGES OF RADICALISATION
Four essential characteristics:
I. Cultivation upon ideological texts & personalities II. Propagation of Ideological principles
First stage: Disaffection - Tanfeer
III. Disaffection from the orthodox Islamic scholars
VI. Alienation from the general body of Muslims
THREE STAGES OF RADICALISATION
Four essential characteristics:
I. Cultivation upon ideological texts & personalities II. Propagation of Ideological principles
First stage: Disaffection - Tanfeer
III. Disaffection from the orthodox Islamic scholars
VI. Alienation from the general body of Muslims
THREE STAGES OF RADICALISATION
Four essential characteristics:
I. Cultivation upon ideological texts & personalities II. Propagation of Ideological principles
First stage: Disaffection - Tanfeer
III. Disaffection from the orthodox Islamic scholars
VI. Alienation from the general body of Muslims
THREE STAGES OF RADICALISATION
Four essential characteristics:
I. Renunciation of the orthodox Islamic scholars II. Renunciation of Muslim governments
Second stage: Renunciation - Takfeer
III. Renunciation of the Muslim community
VI. Violence & terror justify political goals
THREE STAGES OF RADICALISATION
Four essential characteristics:
I. Renunciation of the orthodox Islamic scholars II. Renunciation of Muslim governments
Second stage: Renunciation - Takfeer
III. Renunciation of the Muslim community
VI. Violence & terror justify political goals
THREE STAGES OF RADICALISATION
Four essential characteristics:
I. Renunciation of the orthodox Islamic scholars II. Renunciation of Muslim governments
Second stage: Renunciation - Takfeer
III. Renunciation of the Muslim community
VI. Violence & terror justify political goals
THREE STAGES OF RADICALISATION
Four essential characteristics:
I. Renunciation of the orthodox Islamic scholars II. Renunciation of Muslim governments
Second stage: Renunciation - Takfeer
III. Renunciation of the Muslim community
VI. Violence & terror justify political goals
THREE STAGES OF RADICALISATION
Four essential characteristics:
I. Renunciation of the orthodox Islamic scholars II. Renunciation of Muslim governments
Second stage: Renunciation - Takfeer
III. Renunciation of the Muslim community
VI. Violence & terror justify political goals
THREE STAGES OF RADICALISATION
Three essential characteristics:
I. Legality of terror for ideological means II. Muslims legitimate target of terror
Second stage: Terrorism - Tafjeer
III. Non-Muslims legitimate target of terror
THREE STAGES OF RADICALISATION
Three essential characteristics:
I. Legality of terror for ideological means II. Muslims legitimate target of terror
Second stage: Terrorism - Tafjeer
III. Non-Muslims legitimate target of terror
THREE STAGES OF RADICALISATION
Three essential characteristics:
I. Legality of terror for ideological means II. Muslims legitimate target of terror
Second stage: Terrorism - Tafjeer
III. Non-Muslims legitimate target of terror
THREE STAGES OF RADICALISATION
Three essential characteristics:
I. Legality of terror for ideological means II. Muslims legitimate target of terror
Second stage: Terrorism - Tafjeer
III. Non-Muslims legitimate target of terror
MUSLIM RADICALISATION: THE THEOLOGICAL CONTEXT
Social Facto
rs
Theological Facto
rs
MUSLIM RADICALISATION: THE THEOLOGICAL CONTEXT
Social Facto
rs
Theological Facto
rs
MUSLIM RADICALISATION: THE THEOLOGICAL CONTEXT
Social Facto
rs
Theological Facto
rs
CONTEXTUALISING CONVERT MUSLIM EXTREMISMMarginalisation and Muslim Converts
Periphery communities
Vacuum where ‘hard to reach’ disenfranchised Muslim youth gravitate towards
Mainstream Muslim communities
Wider society, governmental and statutory bodies
Adapted from: Anthony Baker, Extremists in Our Midst: Confronting Terror, Palgrave Macmillan (2011)
MUSLIM INITIATIVES TO TACKLE EXTREMISM:
STREET
Stages of Development and vulnerability:
vulnerability linked to lack of Religious knowledge
MUSLIM INITIATIVES TO TACKLE EXTREMISM: STREET
Based in south London
Managed & lead largely by converts
Beyond the mosque strategy
Grassroots insider organisation founded in 2006
Works with vulnerable Muslim constituencies
Stages of Development and vulnerability:
vulnerability linked to lack of Religious knowledge
MUSLIM INITIATIVES TO TACKLE EXTREMISM: STREET
Based in south London
Managed & lead largely by converts
Beyond the mosque strategy
Grassroots insider organisation founded in 2006
Works with vulnerable Muslim constituencies
Stages of Development and vulnerability:
vulnerability linked to lack of Religious knowledge
MUSLIM INITIATIVES TO TACKLE EXTREMISM: STREET
Based in south London
Managed & lead largely by converts
Beyond the mosque strategy
Grassroots insider organisation founded in 2006
Works with vulnerable Muslim constituencies
Stages of Development and vulnerability:
vulnerability linked to lack of Religious knowledge
MUSLIM INITIATIVES TO TACKLE EXTREMISM: STREET
Based in south London
Managed & lead largely by converts
Beyond the mosque strategy
Grassroots insider organisation founded in 2006
Works with vulnerable Muslim constituencies
Stages of Development and vulnerability:
vulnerability linked to lack of Religious knowledge
MUSLIM INITIATIVES TO TACKLE EXTREMISM: STREET
Based in south London
Managed & lead largely by converts
Beyond the mosque strategy
Grassroots insider organisation founded in 2006
Works with vulnerable Muslim constituencies
Stages of Development and vulnerability:
vulnerability linked to lack of Religious knowledge
MUSLIM INITIATIVES TO TACKLE EXTREMISM: STREET
Based in south London
Managed & lead largely by converts
Beyond the mosque strategy
Grassroots insider organisation founded in 2006
Works with vulnerable Muslim constituencies
Stages of Development and vulnerability:
vulnerability linked to lack of Religious knowledge
MUSLIM INITIATIVES TO TACKLE EXTREMISM: STREET
Based in south London
Managed & lead largely by converts
Beyond the mosque strategy
Grassroots insider organisation founded in 2006
Works with vulnerable Muslim constituencies
MUSLIM INITIATIVES TO TACKLE EXTREMISM: STREET
Individuals with history of association with violence Young Muslims from challenging family backgrounds
Individuals with substance abuse problems Converts to Islam- vulnerable due to their conversion
Works with vulnerable Muslim constituencies:
Muslim extremists who advocate the use of violence
MUSLIM INITIATIVES TO TACKLE EXTREMISM: STREET
Individuals with history of association with violence Young Muslims from challenging family backgrounds
Individuals with substance abuse problems Converts to Islam- vulnerable due to their conversion
Works with vulnerable Muslim constituencies:
Muslim extremists who advocate the use of violence
MUSLIM INITIATIVES TO TACKLE EXTREMISM: STREET
Individuals with history of association with violence Young Muslims from challenging family backgrounds
Individuals with substance abuse problems Converts to Islam- vulnerable due to their conversion
Works with vulnerable Muslim constituencies:
Muslim extremists who advocate the use of violence
MUSLIM INITIATIVES TO TACKLE EXTREMISM: STREET
Individuals with history of association with violence Young Muslims from challenging family backgrounds
Individuals with substance abuse problems Converts to Islam- vulnerable due to their conversion
Works with vulnerable Muslim constituencies:
Muslim extremists who advocate the use of violence
MUSLIM INITIATIVES TO TACKLE EXTREMISM: STREET
Individuals with history of association with violence Young Muslims from challenging family backgrounds
Individuals with substance abuse problems Converts to Islam- vulnerable due to their conversion
Works with vulnerable Muslim constituencies:
Muslim extremists who advocate the use of violence
MUSLIM INITIATIVES TO TACKLE EXTREMISM: STREET
Individuals with history of association with violence Young Muslims from challenging family backgrounds
Individuals with substance abuse problems Converts to Islam- vulnerable due to their conversion
Works with vulnerable Muslim constituencies:
Muslim extremists who advocate the use of violence
STREET OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME
Work stream 4: Counter propaganda
Videos, i.e. You Tube, Literature , Blogs, Forums
Websites
Work stream 3: Counselling
Deconstruct Programme, Mentoring Services,
YOS/YSS Social Services referrals, Training & Development
Work stream 2:
24 Hour Youth Base
Workstream 1:
Sporting Activities
Football, boxing and other sports
STREET OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME
Work stream 4: Counter propaganda
Videos, i.e. You Tube, Literature , Blogs, Forums
Websites
Work stream 3: Counselling
Deconstruct Programme, Mentoring Services,
YOS/YSS Social Services referrals, Training & Development
Work stream 2:
24 Hour Youth Base
Workstream 1:
Sporting Activities
Football, boxing and other sports
STREET OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME
Work stream 4: Counter propaganda
Videos, i.e. You Tube, Literature , Blogs, Forums
Websites
Work stream 3: Counselling
Deconstruct Programme, Mentoring Services,
YOS/YSS Social Services referrals, Training & Development
Work stream 2:
24 Hour Youth Base
Workstream 1:
Sporting Activities
Football, boxing and other sports
STREET OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME
Work stream 4: Counter propaganda
Videos, i.e. You Tube, Literature , Blogs, Forums
Websites
Work stream 3: Counselling
Deconstruct Programme, Mentoring Services,
YOS/YSS Social Services referrals, Training & Development
Work stream 2:
24 Hour Youth Base
Workstream 1:
Sporting Activities
Football, boxing and other sports
STREET OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME
Work stream 4: Counter propaganda
Videos, i.e. You Tube, Literature , Blogs, Forums
Websites
Work stream 3: Counselling
Deconstruct Programme, Mentoring Services,
YOS/YSS Social Services referrals, Training & Development
Work stream 2:
24 Hour Youth Base
Workstream 1:
Sporting Activities
Football, boxing and other sports
STREET OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME
Work stream 4: Counter propaganda
Videos, i.e. You Tube, Literature , Blogs, Forums
Websites
Work stream 3: Counselling
Deconstruct Programme, Mentoring Services,
YOS/YSS Social Services referrals, Training & Development
Work stream 2:
24 Hour Youth Base
Workstream 1:
Sporting Activities
Football, boxing and other sports
CONCLUSION
Social & Theological factors have a reciprocal relationship
Grassroots intervention is vital for vulnerable groups
Religious knowledge is a challenge to radicalism
Conversion process is complex
CONCLUSION
Social & Theological factors have a reciprocal relationship
Grassroots intervention is vital for vulnerable groups
Religious knowledge is a challenge to radicalism
Conversion process is complex
CONCLUSION
Social & Theological factors have a reciprocal relationship
Grassroots intervention is vital for vulnerable groups
Religious knowledge is a challenge to radicalism
Conversion process is complex
CONCLUSION
Social & Theological factors have a reciprocal relationship
Grassroots intervention is vital for vulnerable groups
Religious knowledge is a challenge to radicalism
Conversion process is complex
PRESENTATION CONCLUSION
Contextualising Convert Muslim Extremism
Muslim Radicalisation: The Social Context
Muslim Radicalisation: The Theological Context
Muslim Initiatives to Tackle Extremism: STREET
Conclusion
Introduction
PRESENTATION CONCLUSION
Contextualising Convert Muslim Extremism
Muslim Radicalisation: The Social Context
Muslim Radicalisation: The Theological Context
Muslim Initiatives to Tackle Extremism: STREET
Conclusion
Introduction
PRESENTATION CONCLUSION
Contextualising Convert Muslim Extremism
Muslim Radicalisation: The Social Context
Muslim Radicalisation: The Theological Context
Muslim Initiatives to Tackle Extremism: STREET
Conclusion
Introduction
PRESENTATION CONCLUSION
Contextualising Convert Muslim Extremism
Muslim Radicalisation: The Social Context
Muslim Radicalisation: The Theological Context
Muslim Initiatives to Tackle Extremism: STREET
Conclusion
Introduction
PRESENTATION CONCLUSION
Contextualising Convert Muslim Extremism
Muslim Radicalisation: The Social Context
Muslim Radicalisation: The Theological Context
Muslim Initiatives to Tackle Extremism: STREET
Conclusion
Introduction
PRESENTATION CONCLUSION
Contextualising Convert Muslim Extremism
Muslim Radicalisation: The Social Context
Muslim Radicalisation: The Theological Context
Muslim Initiatives to Tackle Extremism: STREET
Conclusion
Introduction
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