t-ogic pfitt,()s()i)f[y...lbtal ntur.rbcr o{'pagcs-- 16zt) 1st-ogic & pfitt,()s()i)f[yfull...

lbtal ntur.rbcr o{'Pagcs-- 16

zt) 1s

T-OGIC & PFITT,()S()I)F[Y

Full Marks : L00

Pass Marks : 30

25'r l.OPll

The .figures in the murgin i.ndicate Jfull murks

Jbr tlte cluestiotts'

Cantd.

l. Give very shorl andwer : 1x12-12

.srfu ry €e< ftxt :

(a) "'I'he premises of an inductive inference offer certainty for the trutir of the

conclusiol'1." -' ls it true ?

"q]r|-:H q-dTFt-{ qrqR<I+-R 1}q.rg< }rsi-sFi R.uvgt qr<"Js 4-6E 1" - .ltcH q\5tc{?

(h) Which of the the following statements is true ?

-i- Ii-Cfr]S CST{CD"] \flg qE] ?

(i) The law of causation is a material ground of induction.

3pffi1"aq RfR ?<q qtffiq< <vats && t

(i, C)bservation and the law of causation afe the formal grounds of

.I

indubtion.

frQqq qs 6{qqq Rfq ?<q qttl:nr< gl3l3e1s && t

25:l 25'f LOPFI t2t

(iii) Observation and experirnent are the formai grounds of incluction.'

ftfin'q qs ?Rn'6r ?<q qam-+< gfol-qtF5 &R r

(ir) None, of the .a-bove,statements is true. .

€?rc<'Fs c+Tc{t ..{br €ffi qEl ;l-{{ |

:

(c) "Observation is finding a fact and experitnent is rnaking one." - Who did

say this statement ?

"ftfiqq ?atq qtr{'f< qlRsx qfs aftq"f hTq" d{l< 1B t" - qE €,ffii Cs-fr{

?ofui ?

;

(rt) Which one of the following statement is incoriect ?

Rffis cs'HrDr €fu qeqt

(i) Observation is a perception with a definite purpose in view.

fifiq,q ?qeq fiffi €(qe.i]c< s-$ .{s a\5J$ I

Cantd.251'LOPFI t3l

(i) Obser-vatign is a perception of naturai events,

Rfrwq ?qaq qlTes q?i"m e$iry 1

(iiil Observation is not a perception of events uncler natural conditions'

fifixuq $TC$ "rRe<'i< {Ms s-{i c+]cn^j iT* elslnu q<3 I

(iv) In obscrvation, the natural events are not fully under the control of the

observer.

frAq5"fs qT&=+ qtrdl-c.K frAq's ar<]_f,a q-'"i'f firq'nftq qq{ t

(e) which is the last stage ot' hypothesis suggested by 1vlillls definition o

hypothesis ?

fr-ar< er+-*< q<w'f q-f,R er+q"{ rm s<ebt fr z

(f) what is the meaning of the condition of 'testability' of a valid hypothesis

qbi f<< er+-{< 'qqloifr+qk D6 6i< qqf fr z

2s1'LOPH t41

(S) "Whcn hcat is applied to ice, tlien ice rnclts. Whcn heat is not applicd to ice,

thcn ice does not melt. 'l-herefore, heat is the cause of the melting of ice. "

Name the experimental method ernployed in the above argument.

'?<ss ulq dclrlq s-Krq T<rr rtR {FI I rstei gc{'i?i {sRcE q<a ai-fr qHR r etGr+

\5i(€ <<{P- tiR G,fKt< 1P'i-ql l"

€?r(<tB {FeFr erc$rt <e-a afisqqap {hffiK Tt:I R<m r

(h) "'l'he possibiiity of the doctrine of the plurality of causes cannot frustrate the

rnethoci of agreement." - [s iJ correct ?

'!1-4 36c1<&3 qgl<fiTsR q-{fr q"ilfts ry ffiq c{Klc< 1" - qReBr shlf,?l

(i) Who among the following philosophers is not an idealist ?

Ees €Riefs qFffi-$q{{{ &s<s 6q'FaKffr \rf<{ifr qq{ ?

(i) Berkeley

-/-<l$lc"l

(ii) G. tl. Moore

lq, Q, T{

(iii) I3radley

K\se,_l

t5l25'r'r.oPrr Contd..

menl '-* "1'56ught and I{ealitY

0) Name the philosopher associatecl with the stater

are at bottom identical"

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6c.g"l s-d] t

(k) What is the meaning of the Latin word 'Religare' ?

mnFq qnl< 'l{cligare' 1vc!* srd R ? '

(l) Mcntton an

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2. state two pornts of diffefence between deduction and induction' lxz'

fiaNqqKql'ln;rd\qgcl$]ra4sfu]s-m"ts-$t

3. I)cfinc bacl analogy with suitable exarnple'

-..€qqq €q1_q<'H-q T{E-r{qs <l WqU"uF-s T"*

q(s't lq$ I

1'l-l

'^ 25',1LOPIIt6l

4 State any two char actcristics of analogy.

6.

5. De{ine material callse with an example.

B,iiq<fi-q gaxql-q orcct{ qi@-.t fr$ir

Ilriefly explain any one criticisrn against Mill's paraclox of induction.

'I

Or / ry&"/ .

why Mill's paradox of induction is said to comrnit the

or fiallacy of arguing in a circle ?

fallacy of petitio principii

l-t1:2

Rq< q'tEq{{ Re$qr\dqs R{ D-q-s cq|{ EFr 1R c+rcr w r

7. What do yor-r mean by a working hypbthesis ?

offi er+q nF-c{ ft g'nr

251'LOPH 17 I Contd.

B. tlriefly cxprain any one condition of a va1ic1 hypotrresis with the help of a suitable

exaurPlc'

€l-Ts €qtq-<"f{ qqixs ?<< ers-q< f?rr+'tr"''t qt D6 ESs <ilqil] T{t t

g. why c1o some logicians regard the metho<l of agreement as a method of single

I

agreement ?

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10. Give a concrete ex^amPle of joint metho.d of agreement and difference'

frcr qq-fr<1ffi d"|rfi< .eil Trs< €4R4'i ftx] '

l+1=, l1'. What are primary qualities ? Give exaurple'

' {ll eiq :lrc{ ft z €q15q 6i1 '

|2'l}rieflyexpressanytwocharacteristicsofobjectiveidealism'

<vFS eK<tk-d Frca-rc+r fAiKFiE E*s ers'Ft +3^tl

2s'f LOPH t81

Or t +REl

llriefly express any h+,o points of criticisrn against objective iclealisrn.

213.

two differences betwden deduction and induction.

15.

qlfl{.{ $]-s (<I-e? fraN{ q'rs qle|I;[d $s?\o ql-ST

2+2:4

ntt "ti.f+l 8cs< $-{'tr

bottom. )) - Explain the significance of this

4

are analogicai at

">6p-6cfl elst{'d qTn]ce TEsg wr-nimnefrn t:' - eQ tsa66pq eiqq{Tfi?ilt $-<I I

Contd.

<sfi$ vm{k-d fisrn firora fA lr.rq'F{l DT?s erc'Ff qqr 1

State any tvto essential characteristics of religion.

<f< /?rorcryr fD W t{FrBl €?sq +q r

14. What is induction ? State

"A1l inferences

remark.

251'LOPH tej

16. What is a condition ? Briefly explain

of sr.ritable examplc.

positive and negative, condition with the help

ll-3:4

R{cTr DT <il"m wltK .eDKt I

I7 . What do you mean by fallacy of mal-observation ? Distinguish between individual

'rtrnal-observation and universal mal-observation with the

cnlR-< Tiqs 4cr$l Rqqq +< t

soFs.rqq Trc4 R r €"{{g. €qF<qK qq$5 Wffq <'l)Tnsfu qrc Afrir+q <iq,$sr$ €q+-Kf{

help of suitable exan:rple.

I+3:4

qps qic<sq cqR TRtn fr gw.f z $qTG €nfq{"K q-qH\5 <i&ut\5 ql-s 'liKs"i ql$

q|ffi-{ qtg q{c<s.f< x'Fq\o {f?fuj fift rc<tr

or / qFq't

Distinguish between fallacy of non-obser-vation of essentiai instances and fallacy of

non-observation of essential circumstances with the help of suitable example.' 4

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q-{c<q;6i

:

25'I- LOPH 110 1

1tt. Distinguish between explanatory hypotlresis and descriptive hypothesis. 4

<lt".rflTqs erf,q q'ts <f{fws g*$-fld {lqs 4sfui frgqq T-dtr

19. What is a crucial instance ? Briefly explain

cxperiment with the help of a suitable exarnple.

State lwo advantages and, two disadvantages of the

.:;

a crucial instance obtained by

2+2:4

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RreK DT?s <fl"tll $<.it

20. rnethod of difference. 2+2:4

<rffi d"trfi-< nAnRqr qrts kAqTR$ S?sq +<tr

Or/4ftq'"/

State two advantages and two disadvantages of the method of residues. 2+2:4

4RerR qq-fi-a nA nR-q| \fls fA quR$ €-cn{ s-{i r

2l. What do you mean by naive realism ? State any two differences between naive

reaUsrn and scientific realism. 1-L'r- 4

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"ilqfu Bcs"i s-$ r

251'LOPH t11l Contd.

9, 1a:fu

What do you mean bY naive realism ?

against this tyPe of realism. l

Briefly express any two points of criticism

2-12:4

4

4

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$-<I I

22. Ilriefly express arty four characteristics of naive realism'

0r1q@

Ilriefly express any four characteristics of scientific realism'

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23. What is habitual action ? WhY

judgerrrent ?

svinerFE @TtTrC{ fr7

E{?

25T LOPH

is this tlpe of action regarded as object of moral

)+):A

t

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l72l

.'t AL+. Define the method of agreement in your own

of this method where we proceed from effect

pre-eminently a method of observation ?

,;

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{b qtR +lt{ 'tK'i $t<q?q qem< qri r eR d.irfi-cbrc Rx lqss fifiqq-q dqrfi c{Ht.q-{ ?

Or./,{fu

Define the method of residues in your own words Y[ttV

this rnethod as a rnethod of cleduction ? Explain.

do some logicians regard

words and give a concrete example

to cause. Why is this method called

2+2+2:6

2+4:6

FFTK fiq-d v.tR't\o ?fRrrR q{ffi-q qwl fintr frRTtr E6Req qQ q.ilfitDm R{

fiew+m+ 3F fu< sls? <fic[] $-dt t

25. What is Berkeley's subjective iclealism ? On what grounds Berkeley has said that

.;primary and secondary qualities are inseparable ? 2+4:6

rt6tr< qiyFt v-r<"<tq ft z affifr-6n fr {fus {cr qL$ cfrq eqqT{ YC{ 1R ?+rqt

Contd.251'LOPH t13 l

or / rF<t

Critically discuss objective idealism of IIegel.

<n"BI qtrJK(FKtl

26. Briefly discuss,any three of the cliiferent elements invoived in the rnental stage of

voluntary actions, 2x3:6

aes e{.K >{tqfr--<' s<s cr+1 RCH €'MFq{K ftFl]ffi/ eFaq Rxc{ ET q(FllE{l

qI'K .CDI-fl I

Or/4@

What do you mean by non-moral actions ? Briefly explain any Jive non-moral

actions. 1+5:6

6

25T LOPH t1+1

21. Critically cxplairr any one of tlre following views : 6x l:6

-F̂extio rsqr{< 4<T &arrc;i/ qAv Rtnr qrilIETu;iTrrq <flql] rx'laK .euKt s

(i) Itcligion is the solrrce of morality.

<:i -c<q ffircor< €qq r

(i, Morality is the source of religion.

fd-eset C{cq <f< €qq r

(ii, Religion and morality are independent of each other.

qt' \il$ ffiF\5i q<-"f< tqT I

x_

25'f r,oPH I 15l