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Syllabus Laboratory Activity Histology

Chapter 3 Biomedik 1

EPITHELIAL AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Writter : Maya Tejasari

A Sequence

I. Introduction : 30 min

II. Pre Test :

III. Activity Lab : 120 min

- Discussion 30 min

- Identify 90 min

IV. Post Test :

B Topic

1. Microstructure of the epithelial tissue

2. Microstructure of the connective tissue

C Venue

Biomedical Laboratory Faculty of Medicine, Bandung Islamic Universtity

D Equipment

1. Light microscopy

2. Stained tissue section :

Epithelial Tissue

1. Simple squamous epithelium 2. Simple cuboidal epithelium 3. Simple columnar epithelium

4. Ciliated Pseudostratified columnar epithelium 5. Non keratinized squamous epithelium 6. Keratinized squamous epithelium

7. Transisional epithelium

Connective tissue 8. Loose connective tissue

9.Dense regular connective tissue 10.Dense irregular connective tissue

Cartilage

11. Hyaline cartilage 12. Elastine cartilage 13. Fibrous cartilage

3. Colouring pencils

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E Pre-requisite

Before following the laboratory activity, the students must prepare :

1. Draw the schematic picture of each type of epithelial tissue microstructure and give

explanation

2. Draw the schematic picture of each type of connective tissue microstructure and

give explanation

- Loose connective tissue

- Dense regular connective tissue

- Dense irregular connective tissue

- Reticular/haematopoeietic tissue

3. Draw the schematic picture of cartilage (elastic, hyaline and fibrous) and give

explanation

- Content lab in manual book ( pre and post test will be taken from the manual, if scorring

pre test less than 50, can not allowed thelab activity )

- Bring your text book, reference book e.q atlas of Histology, e-book etc. ( minimal 1 atlas

each group).

- Bring colouring pencils for drawing

F Activity Lab

1. Students will be divided into groups

2. Discussion in 30 minute

3. Identify tissue section using light microscopy and draw it , in 90 minute

4. LIST MICROSTRUCTURE IDENTIFY REVIEW ( give the checklist √ if you have already known)

A. EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Please make a schematic draw of the epithelial tissue in the allotted space.

Please bring a pink and purple color pencil.

Figure 1. Simple squamous epithelium

Section of : Bladder (serous layer)

Staining : H.E.

Code : E – 1

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Identify :

1. serous layer

2. simple squamous epithelium

3. nuclei of epithelial cells

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Figure 2. Simple cuboidal epithelium

Section of : Choroid plexus of cerebrum

Staining : H.E.

Code : E – 2

Identify :

1. Choroid plexus 3. Nuclei of epithelial cells

2. Simple cuboidal epithelium

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Figure 3. Simple columnar epithelium

Section of : Stomach

Staining : H.E.

Code : E – 3

Identify :

1. Mucous layer 3. Nuclei of epithelial cells

2. Simple columnar epithelium 4. Basement membrane

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Figure 4. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium Section of : Trachea

Staining : H.E.

Code : E – 7

Identify :

1. Mucous layer 5. Cilia

2. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium 6. Goblet cell

3. Columnar cell 7. Basement membrane

4. Basal cell

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Figure 5. Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Section of : Oesophagus

Staining : H.E.

Code : E – 4

Identify :

1. Mucous layer 4. Polyhedral cells

2. Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium 5. Surface cells

3. Basal cells 6. Basement membrane

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Figure 6. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Section of : Skin of palm

Staining : H.E.

Code : E – 5

Identify :

1. Epidermis 5. Lucidum’s layer

2. Basal layer 6. Corneum’s layer

3. Polyhedral / Spinosum’s layer

4. Granulosum’s layer

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Figure 7. Transitional epithelium Section of : Bladder (mucous layer)

Staining : H.E.

Code : E – 6

Identify :

1. Mucous layer 4. Polyhedral cells

2. Transitional epithelium 5. Dome shape cells/squamous cells

3. Basal cells

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B. CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Please make a schematic draw of the connective tissue in the allotted space.

Please bring a pink and purple color pencil.

Figure 1. Loose connective tissue

Section : Serous layer of colon

Staining : H.E.

Code : I-3

Identify :

1. Fibroblast 6. Macrophage (if any)

2. Lymphocyte 7. Plasma cell (if any)

3. Polymorphonuclear leucocyte 8. Eosinophil (if any)

4. Adipose cell 9. Fibers

5. Mast cell (if any) 10. Ground substance

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Figure 2. Regular dense connective tissue

Section of : Tendon

Staining : H.E.

Code : I-8 (longitudinal section)

I-9 (cross section)

Longitudinal section

1. Bundle of collagenous fibers

2. Peritendineum

3. Fibroblast

Cross section

1. Bundle of collagenous fibers 2. Peritendineum 3. Fibroblast

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Figure 3. The elastic tissue

Section of : Ligamentum nuchae

Staining : H.E.

Code : I-6 (longitudinal section)

I-7 (cross section)

Longitudinal section

1. Elastic fibers 2. Collagen fibers 3. Fibroblast

Cross section

1. Elastic fibers 2. Fibroblast

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Figure 4. The reticular connective tissue

Section : Lymph node

Staining : Bielschowsky/AgNO3

Code : I-4

1. Reticular fibers 2. Reticuloendothelial cell 3. Lymphocyte

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Figure 5. Gelatinous tissue (Mucous tissue, Wharton’s jelly)

Section of : Umbilical cord

Staining : H.E.

Code : I-2

1. Ground substance 4. Collagen fiber

2. Fibroblast 5. Umbilical artery

3. Protoplasmic process of fibroblast 6. Umbilical venous

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Figure 6. The mesenchymal tissue

Section of : Embryo

Staining : H.E.

Code : I-1

1. Mesenchymal cell 3. Ground substance

2. Protoplasmic process of mesenchymal cell

Figure 7. The monovacuolar adipose tissue.

Section of : Subcutis

Staining : H.E.

Code : I-10

1. Adipose cell 2. Nucleus of adipose cell 3. Vacuole

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Figure 8. The multilocular adipose tissue

Section of : Interscapular adipose tissue

Staining : H.E,

Code : I-11

1. Multilocular cell 3. Vacuole

2. Nucleus of multilocular cell 4. Monovacuolar cell

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C. CARTILAGE

Please make a schematic draw of the cartilage and bone in the allotted space.

Please bring a pink and purple color pencil.

Figure 1. Hyaline cartilage

Section of : Trachea

Staining : H.E.

Code : C-2

1. Perichondrium

2. Chondroblast

3. Chondrocyte

4. Lacuna

5. Isogenic cells.

6. Ground substance

a. Territorial matrix

b. Interritorial matrix

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Figure 2. Elastic cartilage

Section of : Auricle

Staining : Orcein

Code : C-3

1. Perichondrium 4. Ground substance

2. Chondroblast 5. Elastic fibers

3. Chondrocyte

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Figure 3. Fibrocartilage

Section of : Intervertebral disc

Staining : H. E.

Code : C-4

1. Chain of chondrocytes

2. Ground substance

3. Collagenous fibers

G Reference

1. Junqueria, Carneirro, Basic Histology

2. de'Fiore, Atlas of Histology

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EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Epithelial tissues are composed of closely aggregated polyhedral cells with very little extracellular substance.

These cells have strong adhesion due to adhesion molecules, membrane interdigitations, and intercellular junctions.

These features allow the cells to form cellular sheets that cover the surface of the body and line its cavities or are arranged as three-dimensional secretory units.

The principal functions of epithelial (Gr. epi, upon, + thele, nipple) tissues are :

- The covering and lining of surfaces (eg, skin, intestines), - Absorption (eg, intestines), - Secretion (eg, glands), - Sensation (eg, gustative and olfactory neuroepithelium), - Contractility (eg, myoepithelial cells).

Because epithelial cells line all external and internal surfaces of the body, everything that enters or leaves the body must cross an epithelial sheet.

Almost all epithelial cells, rest on a connective tissue. In the case of epithelia that line the cavity of internal organs (especially the digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems) this layer of connective tissue is often called lamina propria.

The lamina propria serves to support the epithelium, provides nutrition and binds it to neighboring structures.

The portion of the epithelial cells that faces the connective tissue is called the basal pole, whereas the opposite side, usually facing a space, is called the apical pole.

The surface of the apical pole is also called the free surface, whereas the surfaces that are apposed to neighbor cells are called lateral surfaces.

Most epithelial cells are separated from the connective tissue by a sheet of extracellular material called the basal lamina, consisting of a delicate network of very fine fibrils (lamina densa). In addition, basal laminae may have an electron-lucent layer on one or both sides of the lamina densa, called lamina rara or lamina lucida.

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Epithelia are divided into two main groups according to their structure and function: covering epithelia and glandular epithelia. Covering epithelia can be classificied according to number of cell layers and structure of the surface cells)

Table 4–2. Common Types of Covering Epithelia in the Human Body.

Type Cell Form Examples of Distribution

Main Function

Simple Squamous Lining of vessels (endothelium).

Facilitates the movement of the viscera (mesothelium), active transport by pinocytosis (mesothelium and endothelium), secretion of biologically active molecules (mesothelium).

Serous lining of cavities; pericardium, pleura, peritoneum (mesothelium).

Cuboidal Covering the ovary, thyroid.

Covering, secretion.

Columnar Lining of intestine, gallbladder.

Protection, lubrication, absorption, secretion.

Pseudostratified Some columnar and some cuboidal

Lining of trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity.

Protection, secretion; cilia-mediated transport of particles trapped in mucus.

Stratified Surface layer squamous keratinized (dry)

Epidermis. Protection; prevents water loss.

Surface layer squamous nonkeratinized (moist)

Mouth, esophagus, larynx, vagina, anal canal.

Protection, secretion; prevents water loss.

Cuboidal Sweat glands, developing ovarian follicles.

Protection, secretion.

Transitional: domelike to flattened, depending on the

Bladder, ureters, renal calyces.

Protection, distensibility.

Basal lamina

Apical pole

Lateral pole

Basal pole

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functional state of the organ

Columnar Conjunctiva. Protection.

A. Simple epithelium - Squamous : Mesothelium (digestive,lungs,heart), ndothelium (blood vessels, lymphatic

vessels) - Cuboid : Small excretory ducts - Columnar

Non Ciliated : Covers digestive organs (Microvilli small intestine)

Ciliated Respiatory passages, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles , epididimys,vas deferens

- Pseudostratified columnar ciliated B. Stratified epithelium - Squamous

Keratinized : skin (epidermis)

Non keratinized : mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, vagina. Anal - Cuboid ; sweat gland - Columnar ; conjungtiva - Transitional ; Urinary system (major calyxes,ureter,bladder)

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CONNECTIVE TISSUE A. Classification :

B. Function & distribution

Loose connective tissue

- Fills spaces between groups of muscle cells - Supports epithelial tissue - Forms a layer that sheathes the lymphatic and blood vessels.

Also found in the :

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- Papillary layer of the dermis - Hypodermis - Serosal linings of peritoneal and pleural cavities - Glands and the mucous membranes (wet membranes that line the hollow organs)

supporting the epithelial cells. Dense connective tissue Offer resistance and protection. Irregular dense connective tissue is encountered in areas such as the dermis. Regular dense connective tissue found in tendon. CARTILAGE

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Simple squamous epithelium

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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Simple cuboidal epithelium

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Simple columnar epithelium

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Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Transitional epithelium

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Dense regular connective tissue

Loose connective tissue

Dense irregular connective tissue

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Hyaline Cartilage

Elastic Cartilage

Fibrous Cartilage

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