survival relationships. survival relationships mutualism commensalism parasitism

Survival Relationships

Survival relationships

Mutualism

Commensalism

Parasitism

Mutualism

A symbiotic (permanent, close) relationship in which both species benefit from the interaction.

Examples: plant – pollinator, plant – seed disperser, ants - aphids

Plants - PollinatorPlants are able to reproduce, pollinator receives food (nectar)

Redbilled Oxpecker

Eats insects including ticks, from large wild and domesticated mammals. (Does, however, prefer blood and will feed on it directly, pecking at the mammal's wounds).

Plant – Seed DisperserPlants are able to grow and spread their

population, seed dispersers get food (berries/fruit)

Ant - Aphid

Ants get “honeydew” – a sugary sap left over by the aphids. Aphids

receive protection.

Egyptian Plover - Crocodile

Plover eats parasites that inhabit the crocodiles mouth

Commensalism

A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits from the interaction, the other species neither benefits nor is harmed.

Examples: Plant – seed disperser, Barnacle – other aquatic life, Cattle Egret

Plant – Seed disperser

Seeds cling to animals and fall off over time. The animals are unharmed.

Barnacles – WhalesBarnacles attach to aquatic creatures allowing them

to move. The aquatic creatures are unharmed.

Clown fish and sea anemone

Cattle Egret - Cattle

• The Egret follows cattle and eats insects that are turned up in the soil. Cattle are unharmed.

Parasitism

A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits while the other species is harmed by the interaction.

Parasites generally live on or in the body of their host, get nourishment from their tissues, and do some harm to them.

Examples: Parasitic plants, Ticks, Brown-Headed cowbirds

Mistletoetakes nutrients from

host trees, can kill them with heavy

infestation.

TicksAttach to mammals, usually, but will attach to other organisms such as birds. They suck their

blood and can transfer other parasites. In humans they cause Lyme disease.

Brown-headed Cowbirds

Exhibit brood parasitism. They

remove other birds eggs, and lay their own in

return

Hookworm

Roundworm

Tapeworm

Great Black Wasp

Female stings and paralyzes prey and then deposits her eggs into the prey. The larvae feed off of the living organism until they arelarge enough and able to break through the skin eventually killingthe host organism.