surgical treatment of facial paralysis - hackensack meridian … · 2018-12-13 · peripheral nerve...
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Surgical Treatment of Facial Paralysis
Michael Rose, MD, FACS.
Chief, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Jersey Shore University
Medical Center.
Peripheral Nerve Surgery
Peripheral Nerve
Surgery
Disorders of
Peripheral Nerves
Spinal Cord Injury
Stroke
Nerve Regeneration
Peripheral Nerve Surgery Applications
Peripheral Nerve Disorders
• Compression Neuropathy
• Facial Paralysis
• Phantom Limb pain
• Nerve Trauma
Spinal Cord Injury
• Tetraplegic hand
• Pressure sores
• Ventilator dependency
• Bladder dysfunction
Stroke
• Upper extremity paralysis
• Aspiration
Brachial Plexus Repair
Facial Reanimation
Prostate Grafting
Foot Drop Surgery
Nerve Transplantation
Reanimation After Spinal Cord Injury
Reanimation After Stroke
Resensitization of the Buttocks
Primary Repair
Nerve Grafting
Neurotization
Free Muscle Flap
Can Be Fixed
NEURAPRAXIA
Stretching of nerve
Results in nerve dysfunction
Demyelination
Function returns by 3 months
NEUROTMESIS
Significant nerve damage
Nerve division
No recovery
Nerve repair required
Facial Paralysis
Trauma
Cancer
Stroke
Bell’s Palsy
Facial Nerve Function
• Motor Accessory Auditory Accessory Masticatory Facial Expression
• Secretory Lacrimal Parotid Submandibular/Sublingual
• Afferent from Taste Fibers Traumatic Neoplastic Congenital
Examination
• Central Paralysis
movements of the upper face tend to be spared
emotional expression may be present
lacrimation and salvation may be present
involvement of the tongue
• Peripheral Paralysis
less prominent wrinkles/nasolabial fold, brow droop
unable to wrinkle forehead or purse lips
bell phenomenon
Surgical Intervention
• Direct nerve anastomosis
• Interpositional nerve grafts
• Anastomosis to other nerves
• Dynamic musculofascial transpositions
• Static musculofascial transpositions
• Microvascular reanimation
• Other facial corrective procedures
Nothing by EMG or clinically at 3 months
Minimal Progress by EMG
or clinically at 6 months
Not completely improved by 9 months
Muscle transposition
• Temporalis
• Masseter
Crossover Techniques
• Irreversible nerve injury
• Intact motor endplates
• Intact mimetic function
• Intact proximal donor nerve
• Intact distal facial nerve
LATE CROSS-FACIAL NERVE GRAFTING AND
FREE MUSCLE TRANSFER
Summary
1) Many etiologies
2) Many treatment options
3) Etiology often drives treatment decisions
4) Can be a long process with multiple steps
5) Results are variable but can be very rewarding
6) Adjunctive treatments are helpful (biofeedback,
botox injections, static lifts and “tucks”, eyelid
weights etc)
7) Procedures have been refined over the years with
microsurgical advances, but future treatments may
be able to restore function more reliably (Stem
cells, nerve regrowth research, tissue engineering
etc)
THANK YOU Michael Rose, MD, FACS.
Chief, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at
Jersey Shore University Medical Center.
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