surficial veneers - usgs · on slopes mantled with more than one generation of colluvium, flatirons...
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16
Ts
Qoa
mu
OPE
N-F
ILE
RE
POR
T02
-491
, Ver
sion
1.0
Bas
e fr
om U
.S. G
eolo
gica
l Sur
vey
7.5'
Pin
to M
ount
ain
quad
rang
le, 1
986
Lam
bert
con
form
al c
onic
pro
ject
ion
10
1 M
ILE
1 2
1 K
ILO
ME
TE
R0
.51
CO
NT
OU
R I
NT
ER
VA
L 2
0 F
EE
T
SCA
LE
1:2
4,00
0
GN
MN
14˚
by p
erva
sive
ly c
halk
y-ce
men
ted
sand
and
gra
vel.
Dep
osits
are
ins
et i
nto
exta
nt
old
and
very
old
allu
vial
dep
osits
(Q
oam
1; Q
voa)
Mid
dle
unit
1 (
mid
dle
and
earl
y P
leis
toce
ne)—
Sand
and
bou
lder
gra
vel.
Ver
y w
ell
deve
lope
d pa
vem
ent
wit
h st
rong
ly
varn
ishe
d pe
bble
s an
d co
bble
s.
Prom
inen
t ri
dge-
and-
ravi
ne (
balle
na)
mor
phol
ogy;
pav
emen
ts e
xtre
mel
y da
rk,
deep
ly
inci
sed
by
dend
riti
c ne
twor
k of
ra
vine
s,
and
pres
erve
d on
ly
in
disc
onti
nuou
s re
mna
nts
alon
g ri
dge
cres
ts.
Mod
erat
ely
to w
ell-
cem
ente
d pe
doge
nic
K-h
oriz
on.
Whe
re
pave
men
t ha
s be
en
com
plet
ely
rem
oved
, er
osio
nal
ridg
es a
re r
ound
ed a
nd s
urfa
ce i
s lit
tere
d w
ith c
alcr
ete
frag
men
ts.
Pave
men
t un
derl
ain
by p
edog
enic
Av
hori
zon
of v
ery
pale
bro
wn
(10Y
R 7
/3),
lo
ess-
like,
ves
icul
ar s
ilt. D
epos
its d
ebou
ch f
rom
cha
nnel
s in
cise
d in
to b
edro
ck.
Ero
sion
al m
orph
olog
y of
uni
t ex
hibi
ts t
hree
mar
kedl
y di
ffer
ent
surf
icia
l se
tting
s, e
ach
prov
idin
g a
dist
inct
mic
roen
viro
nmen
t: (1
) da
rk p
avem
ent
as
disc
onti
nous
rel
ics
on r
idge
cre
sts;
(2)
col
luvi
al d
ebri
s on
rid
ge s
lope
s,
incl
udin
g lig
hter
-col
ored
you
ng(?
) sl
ope
was
h de
rive
d fr
om p
aren
t ro
ck a
nd
dark
-col
ored
slo
pe-w
ash
( Qoc
) sh
ed f
rom
the
var
nish
ed p
avem
ent
surf
ace;
and
(3
) ra
vine
-bot
tom
allu
vium
Old
col
luvi
al d
epos
its,
und
ivid
ed (
Ple
isto
cene
)—V
arni
shed
deb
ris
apro
ns o
n re
cess
ive
slop
es b
elow
res
ista
nt c
ap r
ocks
; va
rnis
hed
lag
grav
els.
Col
luvi
al
debr
is a
lso
is s
hed
from
res
ista
nt q
uart
zite
and
gne
iss
ridg
es d
own
rece
ssiv
e gr
anite
slo
pes
onto
ped
imen
ts a
nd f
rom
fla
t-to
pped
, pa
vem
ente
d su
rfac
es o
f Q
oam
1 an
d Q
oam
2 do
wn
stee
p ba
nks
erod
ed i
nto
the
unde
rlyi
ng d
epos
its.
On
olde
r se
dim
enta
ry
depo
sits
, co
lluv
ial
depo
sits
co
nsis
t of
la
g gr
avel
s of
va
rnis
hed
pebb
les
and
cobb
les.
Deb
ris
apro
ns t
ypic
ally
are
dis
sect
ed a
nd
part
ially
ero
ded,
lea
ving
res
ista
nt f
latir
ons
of r
elic
t co
lluvi
um o
n sl
opes
ero
ded
into
les
s re
sist
ant
subs
trat
e. O
n sl
opes
man
tled
with
mor
e th
an o
ne g
ener
atio
n of
col
luvi
um,
flat
iron
s of
suc
cess
ivel
y ol
der
depo
sits
cro
p ou
t pr
ogre
ssiv
ely
low
er o
n sl
opes
, pr
ovid
ing
a re
cord
of
eros
iona
l re
trea
t of
cap
ping
uni
t. W
ell-
deve
lope
d pa
vem
ents
on
collu
vial
dep
osits
are
ver
y da
rk a
nd s
moo
th, c
onsi
st o
f st
rong
ly v
arni
shed
peb
bles
and
cob
bles
, an
d ar
e un
derl
ain
by p
edog
enic
Av
hori
zon
of v
ery
pale
bro
wn
(10Y
R 7
/3),
loes
s-lik
e, v
esic
ular
silt
. Inc
lude
s:U
nit
2—V
arni
shed
deb
ris
apro
ns p
rese
rved
in
flat
iron
s on
slo
pes
belo
w c
ap
rock
Uni
t 1—
Var
nish
ed d
ebri
s ap
rons
pre
serv
ed i
n fl
atir
ons
on s
lope
s be
low
cap
ro
ck
VE
RY
OL
D S
UR
FIC
IAL
DE
PO
SIT
S—D
epos
its in
allu
vial
fan
s an
d on
pie
dmon
t sl
opes
. V
ery
old
depo
sits
ex
hibi
t st
rong
ly
diss
ecte
d ge
omor
phic
su
rfac
es
char
acte
rize
d by
tru
ncat
ed A
v/K
soi
l pr
ofile
s; c
arbo
nate
mor
phol
ogy
in K
hor
izon
is
cons
iste
nt w
ith p
edog
enes
is in
the
rang
e of
Sta
ge I
V-V
I; p
erva
sive
har
d to
ver
y ha
rd
chal
ky c
emen
tatio
n is
typi
cally
acc
ompa
nied
by
abun
dant
vei
ns o
f la
min
ar c
alcr
ete
Ver
y ol
d al
luvi
al d
epos
its
(ear
ly P
leis
toce
ne)—
Mod
erat
ely
to w
ell-
cem
ente
d sa
nd
and
boul
der
grav
el; u
nit e
xhib
its r
idge
-and
-rav
ine
(bal
lena
) m
orph
olog
y. R
idge
s ar
e ro
unde
d an
d lit
tere
d w
ith c
alcr
ete
frag
men
ts;
no r
emai
ning
pav
emen
t. A
s m
appe
d, m
ay in
clud
e qu
artz
ite-c
last
con
glom
erat
e un
it ( Q
Tcq
)
QU
AT
ER
NA
RY
AN
D (
OR
) TE
RT
IAR
Y S
UR
FIC
IAL
DE
PO
SIT
SC
ongl
omer
ate,
qu
artz
ite-
clas
t (Q
uate
rnar
y an
d (o
r)
Ter
tiar
y)—
Bou
lder
co
nglo
mer
ate
and
sand
ston
e sh
ed i
n co
arse
all
uvia
l ap
ron
from
qua
rtzi
te
outc
rops
on
Pint
o M
ount
ain
Sedi
men
tary
dep
osit
s, u
ndiv
ided
(Q
uate
rnar
y an
d (o
r) T
erti
ary)
—In
terp
rete
d fr
om a
eria
l ph
otog
raph
s. A
s m
appe
d, m
ay i
nclu
de p
arts
of
units
Qvo
a, T
s,
QT
cq, a
nd (
or)
Tert
iary
sap
rolit
e
CO
VE
R R
OC
KS
Sedi
men
tary
str
ata
of P
into
Bas
in (
Ple
isto
cene
and
(or
) P
lioc
ene)
—T
ilte
d se
dim
enta
ry s
trat
a in
Pin
to B
asin
sou
th o
f Pi
nto
Was
h. O
utcr
ops
of la
ke b
eds
in
cent
er o
f ba
sin
are
prob
ably
Plio
cene
; ou
tcro
ps o
f ar
kosi
c sa
ndst
one
just
nor
th
of H
exie
Mou
ntai
ns m
ay b
e Pl
ioce
ne o
r Pl
eist
ocen
e. I
nclu
des:
Con
glom
erat
e be
ds—
Bou
lder
con
glom
erat
e fo
rmin
g co
arse
allu
vial
bed
or
beds
de
rive
d fr
om P
rote
rozo
ic r
ocks
in H
exie
Mou
ntai
ns. I
n ea
st-c
entr
al P
into
Bas
in,
cong
lom
erat
e ov
erlie
s an
d m
ay i
nter
fing
er w
ith l
acus
trin
e de
posi
ts (
QT
pbl);
pr
oxim
al t
o H
exie
Mou
ntai
ns,
very
sim
ilar
boul
der
cong
lom
erat
e m
appe
d as
ol
d al
luvi
al d
epos
its,
mid
dle
unit
1 ( Q
oam
1) o
verl
ies
arko
sic
sand
ston
e be
ds
( QT
pbs)
; D
ebri
s fl
ow d
epos
its—
Mat
rix-
supp
orte
d se
dim
enta
ry b
recc
ia c
onta
inin
g co
bble
-si
zed
clas
ts d
eriv
ed f
rom
Jur
assi
c pl
uton
ic r
ocks
in
Pint
o M
ount
ains
; ov
erlie
s la
cust
rine
bed
s ( Q
Tpb
l)Sa
ndst
one
beds
—R
edde
ned
arko
sic
sand
ston
e. C
ross
-bed
ded,
coa
rse-
grai
ned
sand
ston
e co
ntai
ning
sca
ttere
d le
nses
of
pebb
le c
ongl
omer
ate
Lac
ustr
ine
beds
—C
lays
tone
and
mud
ston
e be
ds c
onta
inin
g in
terb
eds
of s
iltst
one
and
fine
- to
coa
rse-
grai
ned
sand
ston
e. S
ome
sand
ston
e be
ds a
re c
emen
ted
with
w
hite
cal
cite
; inc
lude
s at
leas
t one
thin
bed
of
fres
h-w
ater
lim
esto
neB
asal
t (l
ate
and
mid
dle
Mio
cene
)—B
asal
t fl
ows;
oliv
ine-
bear
ing,
mas
sive
, bl
ack.
M
icro
phen
ocry
sts
incl
ude
euhe
dral
la
ths
of
labr
ador
ite,
eu
hedr
al
oliv
ine
part
iall
y al
tere
d to
id
ding
site
, an
d cl
inop
yrox
ene.
O
ccur
s as
tw
o sm
all
expo
sure
s in
nor
thea
ster
n co
rner
of
quad
rang
le a
nd m
ore
exte
nsiv
ely
east
of
quad
rang
le
in
nort
hern
E
agle
an
d so
uthe
rn
Pin
to
Mou
ntai
ns.
Sou
th
of
quad
rang
le,
form
s pi
pes
and
(or)
nea
r-ve
nt f
low
s on
sm
all
inse
lber
gs r
isin
g ab
ove
pedi
men
t th
at f
orm
s so
uth
slop
e of
Pin
to B
asin
. Si
mila
r fl
ows
in E
agle
M
ount
ains
sou
thea
st o
f qu
adra
ngle
yie
ld w
hole
-roc
k co
nven
tiona
l K-A
r ag
es o
f 7.
8 an
d 10
.2 M
a (C
arte
r an
d ot
hers
, 198
7)Se
dim
enta
ry d
epos
its
(lat
e? a
nd m
iddl
e M
ioce
ne)—
Ark
osic
san
dsto
ne a
nd
silts
tone
; m
inor
con
glom
erat
e. A
s m
appe
d, m
ay i
nclu
de T
ertia
ry w
eath
erin
g re
golit
h. R
estr
icte
d to
sin
gle
expo
sure
in n
orth
east
ern
corn
er o
f qu
adra
ngle
CR
YST
AL
LIN
E B
ASE
ME
NT
RO
CK
SD
ike
rock
s,
undi
vide
d (T
erti
ary,
C
reta
ceou
s,
and
(or)
Ju
rass
ic)—
Dac
ite
porp
hyry
, m
icro
dior
ite,
and
quar
tz l
atite
or
rhyo
daci
te d
ikes
. N
ames
are
bas
ed
on p
heno
crys
t per
cent
ages
. Dac
ite d
ikes
are
gra
y ho
rnbl
ende
-fel
dspa
r po
rphy
ry
cont
aini
ng a
bund
ant
to s
pars
e ph
enoc
ryst
s of
zon
ed e
uhed
ral
plag
iocl
ase
(lab
rado
rite
to
an
desi
ne)
as
larg
e as
1
cm,
subo
rdin
ate
euhe
dral
br
own
horn
blen
de
and
brow
n bi
otit
e,
and
rare
em
baye
d qu
artz
se
t in
a
gray
m
icro
crys
tall
ine
grou
ndm
ass
of p
lagi
ocla
se,
alka
li f
elds
par,
quar
tz,
sphe
ne,
apat
ite,
and
zirc
on.
Dac
ite d
ikes
tre
nd n
orth
east
and
are
typ
ical
ly a
few
met
ers
thic
k, s
ever
al h
undr
ed m
eter
s lo
ng, a
nd d
ip s
teep
ly. T
hey
form
res
ista
nt r
ibs
and
exhi
bit
dark
bro
wn
pati
na o
f de
sert
var
nish
. S
imil
ar d
acit
e di
kes
intr
ude
Cre
tace
ous
gran
odio
rite
and
mon
zogr
anite
in
Eag
le M
ount
ains
sou
thea
st o
f qu
adra
ngle
. Mic
rodi
orite
dik
es a
re m
ediu
m-
to d
ark-
gree
nish
gra
y, f
ine-
to v
ery
fine
-gra
ined
, an
d co
mpo
sed
prim
arily
of
horn
blen
de a
nd p
lagi
ocla
se;
typi
cally
al
tere
d pr
opyl
itic
ally
to
epid
ote,
chl
orit
e, a
nd c
alci
te.
Qua
rtz
lati
te d
ikes
ty
pica
lly t
rend
nor
th a
nd a
re l
ight
to
med
ium
gra
y, s
ilice
ous,
aph
aniti
c ro
cks
cont
aini
ng m
icro
phen
ocry
sts
of q
uart
z, m
icro
clin
e, p
lagi
ocla
se,
and
biot
ite. A
qu
artz
lat
ite d
ike
in B
ig W
ash
in e
ast-
cent
ral
Eag
le M
ount
ains
yie
lds
a zi
rcon
U
-Pb
inte
rcep
t age
of
145
Ma
and
a sp
hene
U-P
b ag
e of
142
Ma
(Jam
es, 1
989)
Hyp
abys
sal i
ntru
sive
roc
ks (
Tert
iary
, Cre
tace
ous,
or
Jura
ssic
)—In
terp
rete
d fr
om
colo
r ae
rial
pho
togr
aphs
on
basi
s of
col
or a
nd s
heen
sim
ilar
to
thos
e of
hy
paby
ssal
dik
e ro
cks
( TJd
u). R
estr
icte
d to
sin
gle
loca
lity
nort
h of
Pin
to W
ash
near
wes
t edg
e of
qua
dran
gle
Gra
nite
of
Pin
to W
ash
(Lat
e or
Mid
dle
Jura
ssic
)—G
rani
te;
pea-
size
d (2
-5 m
m)
phen
ocry
sts
of q
uart
z in
fin
e- to
med
ium
-gra
ined
mat
rix
of q
uart
z an
d fe
ldsp
ar;
leuc
ocra
ticQ
uart
z m
onzo
nite
, m
onzo
gran
ite,
and
gra
nodi
orit
e of
San
Ber
nard
ino
Was
h (M
iddl
e Ju
rass
ic)—
Ran
ges
from
dio
rite
to
gran
ite;
pre
dom
inan
tly
quar
tz
mon
zoni
te,
mon
zogr
anit
e, a
nd g
rano
dior
ite.
Ext
ensi
vely
exp
osed
in
east
ern
Pint
o an
d so
uthe
ast
of q
uadr
angl
e in
nor
thea
ster
n E
agle
Mou
ntai
ns (
Inde
x M
ap).
Typ
ical
ly c
onta
ins
less
tha
n 25
per
cent
qua
rtz;
por
phyr
itic
rock
s ar
e ch
arac
teri
zed
by l
aven
der-
tinte
d ph
enoc
ryst
s of
alk
ali
feld
spar
. M
afic
min
eral
s co
nsis
t of
hor
nble
nde,
bio
tite,
and
loc
ally
clin
opyr
oxen
e; a
bund
ant
sphe
ne.
Roc
ks s
how
wid
espr
ead
prop
yliti
c al
tera
tion.
Inc
lude
s:
115˚
52'
30"
34˚
115˚
45'
00"
34˚
115˚
45'
00"
33˚
52' 3
0"
115˚
52'
30"
33˚
52' 3
0"
Geo
logy
map
ped
by R
.E.
Pow
ell,
1975
-85;
19
98-2
000;
st
ruct
ural
po
int
data
col
lect
ed b
y P
owel
l and
by
R
.A.
Hop
e,
1964
-69
(Hop
e,
1966
)
VE
RY
YO
UN
G S
UR
FIC
IAL
DE
PO
SIT
S—L
oose
to s
light
ly c
onso
lidat
ed a
lluvi
al
depo
sits
in
was
hes
inci
sed
both
int
o be
droc
k an
d in
to o
ther
Qua
tern
ary
units
and
gr
aded
to
base
-lev
el p
laya
dep
osits
in
Chu
ckw
alla
Val
ley
(Ind
ex M
ap).
Geo
mor
phic
su
rfac
es u
ndis
sect
ed t
o sl
ight
ly d
isse
cted
and
cha
ract
eriz
ed b
y ac
tive
or r
ecen
tly
activ
e se
dim
ent a
ccum
ulat
ion
Ver
y yo
ung
allu
vial
de
posi
ts,
undi
vide
d (l
ate
Hol
ocen
e)—
Unc
onso
lida
ted
med
ium
- to
coa
rse-
grai
ned
sand
and
san
dy g
rave
l, in
clud
ing
subo
rdin
ate
fine
sa
nd a
nd s
ilt;
bar
and
sw
ale
mor
phol
ogy;
unv
arni
shed
cla
sts.
Spa
rsel
y to
m
oder
atel
y ve
geta
ted;
pro
min
ent
ripa
rian
shr
ub l
ines
. C
hief
ly d
egra
datio
nal.
Incl
udes
:V
ery
youn
g al
luvi
al d
epos
its,
Uni
t 2—
Whi
te o
n co
lor
aeri
al p
hoto
grap
hs; n
o so
il pr
ofil
e de
velo
pmen
t. M
ostl
y sa
nd i
n w
ashe
s de
velo
ped
on s
lope
s fl
anki
ng
gran
ite i
nsel
berg
s. T
rans
port
ed a
nd d
epos
ited
in m
ost
rece
ntly
act
ive
chan
nels
; in
set i
nto
Qvy
a 1 a
nd o
lder
dep
osits
. Uni
t sur
face
s co
rrel
ativ
e w
ith Q
4b s
urfa
ces
of B
ull (
1991
)V
ery
youn
g al
luvi
al d
epos
its,
Uni
t 1—
Lig
ht g
ray
(2.5
YR
7/2
) to
pal
e ye
llow
; gr
ay
on
colo
r ae
rial
ph
otog
raph
s;
litt
le
or
no
soil
pr
ofil
e de
velo
pmen
t. T
rans
port
ed a
nd d
epos
ited
in c
hann
els
or p
arts
of
chan
nels
les
s re
cent
ly a
ctiv
e th
an t
hose
in
whi
ch u
nit
Qvy
a 2 d
epos
ited;
inc
ised
int
o yo
ung
allu
vial
and
old
er
depo
sits
. U
nit
surf
aces
cor
rela
tive
with
Q4a
and
(or
) Q
4b s
urfa
ces
of B
ull
(199
1)
VE
RY
YO
UN
G A
ND
(O
R) Y
OU
NG
SU
RF
ICIA
L D
EP
OSI
TS
Ver
y yo
ung
and
(or)
you
ng e
olia
n de
posi
ts (
Hol
ocen
e)—
Win
dblo
wn
sand
, un
cons
olid
ated
. W
here
it
occu
rs i
n di
scon
tinuo
us s
urfi
cial
ven
eers
, Q
vyye
is
repr
esen
ted
by a
red
-dot
ove
rlay
pat
tern
. A
s m
appe
d, m
ay i
nclu
de o
ld e
olia
n de
posi
tsV
ery
youn
g an
d (o
r) y
oung
pla
ya d
epos
its
(Hol
ocen
e)—
Mic
aceo
us s
ilt a
nd c
lay
cont
aini
ng m
inor
san
d an
d sc
atte
red
gran
ules
and
peb
bles
; ve
ry p
ale
brow
n to
pa
le
brow
n.
Lig
ht-c
olor
ed
surf
ace
on
aeri
al
phot
ogra
phs.
S
pars
ely
to
mod
erat
ely
vege
tate
d. O
ccur
s in
tw
o sm
all
area
s of
pon
ded
mud
ston
e, o
ne
alon
g Pi
nto
Was
h on
eas
t-ce
ntra
l ed
ge o
f qu
adra
ngle
and
one
aga
inst
low
hill
s of
upl
ifte
d st
rata
of
Pint
o B
asin
sou
th o
f Pi
nto
Was
h. O
lder
par
ts o
f th
is u
nit
over
lain
loca
lly b
y w
indb
low
n sa
nd a
nd d
ista
l fan
dep
osits
YO
UN
G S
UR
FIC
IAL
DE
PO
SIT
S—L
oose
to
mod
erat
ely
cons
olid
ated
all
uvia
l an
d eo
lian
depo
sits
on
pied
mon
t slo
pes.
Allu
vial
dep
osits
exh
ibit
slig
htly
to s
tron
gly
diss
ecte
d ge
omor
phic
sur
face
s ch
arac
teri
zed
by A
v/C
ox o
r A
v/B
w/C
ox s
oil
prof
iles
typi
cal
of H
oloc
ene
surf
aces
(M
cFad
den,
198
8; B
ull,
1991
). D
epos
its f
orm
a t
hin
man
tle s
prea
d ac
ross
land
scap
e in
heri
ted
from
Ple
isto
cene
You
ng a
lluvi
al d
epos
its,
und
ivid
ed (
Hol
ocen
e)—
Loo
se to
mod
erat
ely
cons
olid
ated
al
luvi
um d
epos
ited
in c
anyo
n bo
ttom
s an
d on
pie
dmon
t slo
pes.
Fan
s sp
read
out
as
agg
rada
tion
al a
pron
s ac
ross
inh
erit
ed P
leis
toce
ne l
ands
cape
, ba
ck-f
ille
d dr
aina
ge w
ashe
s fr
om w
hich
the
y em
anat
ed,
and
grew
pro
gres
sive
ly d
own-
pied
mon
t in
nes
ted
com
plex
es;
olde
st f
ans
are
prox
imal
to
rang
e-fr
ont
and
youn
gest
fan
s oc
cur
on l
ower
pie
dmon
t. Su
cces
sive
ly y
oung
er f
ans
are
inse
t in
to o
lder
fan
s at
the
ir a
pice
s an
d ei
ther
bur
y or
fea
ther
out
ont
o ol
der
fans
di
stal
ly.
Aba
ndon
ed s
urfa
ces
are
char
acte
rize
d by
ped
ogen
ic A
v ho
rizo
n of
lo
ess-
like,
ves
icul
ar l
ight
bro
wn
(10Y
R 6
/4)
calc
areo
us s
ilt.
Fan
surf
aces
are
no
t di
ssec
ted
by s
trea
ms
that
ori
gina
te o
n th
e su
rfac
es.
Pie
dmon
t al
luvi
al
depo
sits
co
mpr
ise
two
clas
ses
asso
ciat
ed
wit
h ge
omor
phic
ally
di
stin
ct
pied
mon
t se
tting
s: C
lass
1—
Dep
osits
for
min
g al
luvi
al a
pron
s ch
arac
teri
zed
by
prom
inen
tly c
one-
shap
ed,
mul
ti-lo
bed
fans
tha
t co
ales
ce i
nto
baja
das
dow
n-pi
edm
ont.
Typi
call
y oc
cur
alon
g ba
ses
of s
teep
, fa
ult-
cont
roll
ed m
ount
ain
esca
rpm
ents
dev
elop
ed i
n re
sist
ant
rock
s ha
ving
wea
ther
ing
and
denu
datio
n ch
arac
teri
stic
s th
at a
re r
elat
ivel
y in
sens
itive
to
clim
atic
cha
nge
(see
Bul
l, 19
91,
p. 1
61-1
67).
Cla
ss 2
—D
epos
its t
hat
accu
mul
ated
on
broa
d pi
edm
ont
slop
es
deve
lope
d on
les
s re
sist
ant
rock
s al
ong
deep
ly e
mba
yed
mou
ntai
n fr
onts
. W
eath
erin
g an
d de
nuda
tion
of t
hese
les
s re
sist
ant
rock
s ar
e re
lativ
ely
sens
itive
to
clim
atic
cha
nge.
Pie
dmon
ts a
re p
unct
uate
d w
ith i
nsel
berg
s, r
imm
ed w
ith
pedi
men
ts,
and
exhi
bit
broa
d, m
ulti-
face
ted
slop
es t
hat
drai
n vi
a sm
all
intr
a-pi
edm
ont
valle
ys b
etw
een
slop
e fa
cets
. Allu
vium
on
slop
e fa
cets
ori
gina
tes
as
fans
dis
trib
uted
fro
m f
eede
r dr
aina
ge-c
hann
els
and
as s
heet
was
h on
slo
pes
betw
een
drai
nage
cha
nnel
s. F
ans
in c
lass
2 p
iedm
ont
setti
ngs
are
char
acte
rize
d by
lo
w-c
onve
xity
tr
ansv
erse
pr
ofil
es,
and
by
surf
aces
ha
ving
lo
w-r
elie
f m
orph
olog
y. F
ans
and
shee
twas
h on
slo
pes
betw
een
fans
com
mon
ly m
erge
im
perc
epti
bly.
Dow
n-pi
edm
ont,
dist
ribu
tary
slo
pe d
rain
age
re-c
olle
cts
into
in
tra-
pied
mon
t tr
ibut
ary
valle
ys t
hat,
in t
urn,
deb
ouch
ont
o fa
ns f
arth
er d
own-
pied
mon
t. D
epos
its
are
form
ed
by
chan
neli
zed
flow
an
d by
un
conf
ined
ov
erla
nd f
low
in
dist
ribu
ted
netw
ork
of b
ranc
hing
and
coa
lesc
ing
was
hes,
fan
s,
and
thin
slo
pe-b
lank
etin
g sh
eets
. You
ng a
lluvi
al d
epos
its a
re d
ivid
ed i
nto
old,
m
iddl
e, a
nd y
oung
sub
units
rou
ghly
equ
ival
ent
to Q
3a,b
,c u
nits
of
Bul
l (1
991)
. T
hese
uni
ts a
re f
urth
er s
ubdi
vide
d as
nee
ded.
Con
sist
s of
: Y
oung
al
luvi
al
depo
sits
, yo
ung
unit
, un
divi
ded
(lat
e an
d (o
r)
mid
dle
Hol
ocen
e)—
On
clas
s 1
pied
mon
ts, u
nit
show
s pa
le b
row
nish
gra
y to
pal
e gr
ay
on c
olor
aer
ial p
hoto
grap
hs; s
urfa
ces
exhi
bit b
raid
ed b
ar a
nd s
wal
e m
orph
olog
y ge
nera
ted
by a
nast
omos
ing
chan
nels
. U
ncon
solid
ated
san
d an
d gr
avel
, po
orly
to
mod
erat
ely
sort
ed;
mor
e sa
nd a
nd l
ess
grav
el t
han
olde
r Q
ya u
nits
. L
ittle
or
no d
eser
t va
rnis
h. S
urfa
ces
corr
elat
ive
with
Q3c
and
(or
) Q
4b s
urfa
ces
of B
ull
(199
1).
On
clas
s 2
pied
mon
ts,
unco
nsol
idat
ed s
and
and
pebb
ly s
and,
poo
rly
to
mod
erat
ely
sort
ed.
Prox
imal
ly,
depo
sits
are
ins
et i
nto
olde
r Q
ya u
nits
; di
stal
ly,
they
fea
ther
out
ont
o su
rfac
es o
f Q
yam
uni
ts.
Surf
aces
cor
rela
ted
with
Q3c
su
rfac
es o
f B
ull (
1991
). C
onsi
sts
of:
You
ng a
lluvi
al d
epos
its,
you
ng u
nit,
gra
velly
fac
ies—
Gra
vell
y al
luvi
um
form
ing
feed
er-c
hann
el d
epos
its i
n ca
nyon
-bot
tom
s an
d fa
ns p
roxi
mal
to
stee
p ra
nge
fron
ts.
In P
into
Mou
ntai
n qu
adra
ngle
, fa
n de
posi
ts o
ccur
in
clas
s 1
pied
mon
t set
ting
Y
oung
allu
vial
dep
osit
s, y
oung
uni
t, s
andy
fac
ies—
Sand
y al
luvi
um f
orm
ing
valle
y-bo
ttom
dep
osits
, fan
s an
d fa
n-sk
irts
dis
tal t
o st
eep
rang
e fr
onts
on
clas
s 1
pied
mon
ts,
and
allu
vial
-apr
on d
epos
its o
n cl
ass
2 pi
edm
onts
dee
ply
emba
yed
into
mou
ntai
n fr
onts
Y
oung
allu
vial
san
d-sk
irt
depo
sits
(H
oloc
ene)
—D
ista
l sa
nd d
epos
its a
t to
es o
f al
luvi
al f
ans;
at l
east
in p
art r
ewor
ked
as w
indb
low
n sa
ndY
oung
allu
vial
dep
osit
s, m
iddl
e un
it,
undi
vide
d (m
iddl
e H
oloc
ene)
—O
n cl
ass
1 pi
edm
onts
, Q
yam
u fo
rmin
g gr
avel
ly p
roxi
mal
par
ts o
f fa
ns i
s gr
ay o
n co
lor
aeri
al p
hoto
grap
hs;
grav
elly
and
san
dy m
edia
l pa
rts
are
mot
tled
gray
and
pal
e br
owni
sh g
ray;
san
dy d
ista
l pa
rts
are
pale
to
med
ium
bro
wni
sh g
ray.
Sur
face
s on
gra
velly
par
ts o
f fa
ns e
xhib
it pl
umos
e ba
r an
d sw
ale
mor
phol
ogy;
sur
face
s on
san
dy p
arts
of
fans
exh
ibit
brai
ded
bar
and
swal
e m
orph
olog
y ge
nera
ted
by
anas
tom
osin
g ch
anne
ls. U
ncon
solid
ated
to c
onso
lidat
ed s
and
and
grav
el, p
oorl
y to
mod
erat
ely
sort
ed.
Mod
erat
e va
rnis
h on
gra
velly
pro
xim
al p
arts
of
fans
; sw
ales
exh
ibit
pebb
ly p
avem
ents
und
erla
in b
y A
v ho
rizo
n. S
urfa
ces
corr
elat
ive
with
Q3b
sur
face
s of
Bul
l (1
991)
. O
n cl
ass
2 pi
edm
onts
, un
cons
olid
ated
san
d an
d gr
avel
, po
orly
to
mod
erat
ely
sort
ed.
Surf
aces
ten
tativ
ely
corr
elat
ed w
ith
Q3b
sur
face
s of
Bul
l (19
91).
Inc
lude
s:Y
oung
allu
vial
dep
osit
s, m
iddl
e un
it,
grav
elly
fac
ies,
und
ivid
ed—
Gra
velly
al
luvi
um f
orm
ing
feed
er-c
hann
el d
epos
its in
can
yon-
botto
ms
and
fans
pro
xim
al
to s
teep
ran
ge f
ront
s. I
n Pi
nto
Mou
ntai
n qu
adra
ngle
, fan
dep
osits
occ
ur in
cla
ss
1 pi
edm
ont s
ettin
g. L
ocal
ly, d
ivid
ed in
to:
You
ng a
lluvi
al d
epos
its,
mid
dle
unit
, gra
velly
fac
ies
2—Y
oung
er g
rave
lly
allu
vial
dep
osits
of
mid
dle
unit;
for
m f
ans
that
deb
ouch
fro
m c
hann
els
inci
sed
into
old
er g
rave
lly d
epos
its o
f m
iddl
e un
it Y
oung
allu
vial
dep
osit
s, m
iddl
e un
it,
grav
elly
fac
ies
1—O
lder
gra
velly
al
luvi
al d
epos
its o
f m
iddl
e un
itY
oung
allu
vial
dep
osit
s, m
iddl
e un
it, s
andy
fac
ies—
Sand
y al
luvi
um f
orm
ing
valle
y-bo
ttom
dep
osits
, fan
s an
d fa
n-sk
irts
dis
tal t
o st
eep
rang
e fr
onts
on
clas
s 1
pied
mon
ts,
and
allu
vial
-apr
on d
epos
its o
n cl
ass
2 pi
edm
onts
dee
ply
emba
yed
into
mou
ntai
n fr
onts
Por
phyr
itic
uni
t—M
ediu
m-
to c
oars
e-gr
aine
d po
rphy
ritic
plu
toni
c ro
cks;
var
y in
co
mpo
siti
on
from
qu
artz
m
onzo
nite
to
m
onzo
gran
ite
and
gran
odio
rite
. U
nfol
iate
d to
fol
iate
d. H
ornb
lend
e-bi
otite
to
biot
ite-h
ornb
lend
e; p
heno
crys
ts
are
lave
ndar
-tin
ted
to p
inki
sh-g
ray
alka
li fe
ldsp
ar;
prop
yliti
cally
alte
red.
Yie
lds
biot
ite c
onve
ntio
nal
K-A
r ag
e of
167
Ma
(Bis
hop,
196
3) i
n Pi
nto
Mou
ntai
ns
nort
h of
qua
dran
gle
and
zirc
on U
-Pb
ages
of
abou
t 16
5 M
a (S
ilver
, 19
78,
oral
co
mm
unic
atio
n; W
oode
n an
d ot
hers
, 19
94)
in P
into
Mou
ntai
ns n
orth
of
quad
rang
le a
nd in
Eag
le M
ount
ains
sou
thea
st o
f qu
adra
ngle
Maf
ic a
nd i
nter
med
iate
int
rusi
ve s
uite
, un
divi
ded
(Jur
assi
c)—
Inte
rmin
gled
m
afic
and
maf
ic i
nter
med
iate
roc
ks o
f va
ried
com
posi
tion
and
text
ure.
Col
or
inde
x ra
nges
fr
om
50
to
>95
. In
clud
es
coar
se-
to
very
co
arse
-gra
ined
ho
rnbl
endi
te
and
horn
blen
de
gabb
ro,
med
ium
- to
co
arse
-gra
ined
bi
otit
e-ho
rnbl
ende
dio
rite
, fin
e-gr
aine
d, d
ark-
colo
red
dior
ite to
qua
rtz
dior
ite, m
ediu
m-
grai
ned
dior
ite
and
quar
tz d
iori
te,
and
coar
se-
to e
xtre
mel
y co
arse
-gra
ined
ga
bbro
-dio
riti
c pe
gmat
ite.
In
trud
ed
by
porp
hyri
tic
quar
tz
mon
zoni
te,
mon
zogr
anite
, and
gra
nodi
orite
of
San
Ber
nard
ino
Was
h ( J
sbp)
. Inc
lude
s:D
ark
unit
—E
spec
ially
dar
k-w
eath
erin
g m
afic
roc
k as
int
erpr
eted
on
colo
r ae
rial
ph
otog
raph
s. R
estr
icte
d to
sou
ther
n m
argi
n of
Pin
to M
ount
ains
in q
uadr
angl
eG
neis
s as
sem
blag
e of
Hex
ie M
ount
ains
(E
arly
Pro
tero
zoic
)—O
rtho
gnei
ss a
nd
para
gnei
ss.
Str
atig
raph
ic,
and
intr
usiv
e re
lati
ons
betw
een
cons
titu
ent
unit
s ty
pica
lly o
verp
rint
ed b
y m
etam
orph
ic a
nd d
efor
mat
iona
l eve
nts
(Pow
ell,
1993
).
Wid
espr
ead
in
the
Hex
ie,
wes
tern
P
into
, so
uthe
aste
rn
Eag
le,
Oro
copi
a,
Chu
ckw
alla
and
Litt
le C
huck
wal
la M
ount
ains
(In
dex
Map
). C
onsi
sts
of:
Pin
to G
neis
s of
Mill
er,
1938
(E
arly
Pro
tero
zoic
)—In
term
ingl
ed o
rtho
- an
d pa
ragn
eiss
. W
ides
prea
d in
th
e w
este
rn
Pin
to,
Hex
ie,
Cot
tonw
ood,
an
d C
huck
wal
la M
ount
ains
; al
so c
rops
out
in
sout
hwes
tern
Eag
le a
nd e
aste
rnm
ost
Oro
copi
a M
ount
ains
. R
estr
icte
d to
ro
cks
incl
uded
in
M
ille
r's
orig
inal
de
scri
ptio
n of
uni
t; do
es n
ot i
ncor
pora
te e
xpan
ded
usag
e of
Rog
ers
(196
1).
Incl
udes
:P
into
Gne
iss,
leuc
ocra
tic
gran
itic
ort
hogn
eiss
—Fo
liate
d, l
inea
ted
leuc
ocra
tic
biot
ite g
rani
te t
o gr
aniti
c gn
eiss
, m
ediu
m-
to v
ery
coar
se-g
rain
ed.
Con
sist
s of
al
kali
feld
spar
, pl
agio
clas
e, q
uart
z, a
nd b
iotit
e; g
arne
t is
com
mon
ly p
rese
nt a
s is
olat
ed ti
ny c
ryst
als
or a
s la
rge,
rec
ryst
alliz
ed c
lots
of
tiny
garn
ets
Pin
to G
neis
s, d
ark
unit
, un
divi
ded—
From
you
nges
t to
old
est,
incl
udes
: (1
) B
iotit
e-qu
artz
-fel
dspa
r gn
eiss
; pr
omin
ently
lay
ered
, ha
ving
alte
rnat
ing
light
-co
lore
d la
min
ae r
ich
in a
lkal
i fe
ldsp
ar a
nd d
ark-
colo
red
lam
inae
ric
h in
bio
tite
and
olig
ocla
se;
cont
ains
abu
ndan
t qu
artz
(30
-50%
); g
arne
t is
com
mon
; (2
) am
phib
olite
; an
d (3
) m
etas
edim
enta
ry a
nd (
or)
met
amor
phos
ed h
ydro
ther
mal
ly
alte
red
rock
s. I
nclu
des:
Met
ased
imen
tary
and
(or
) m
etam
orph
osed
hyd
roth
erm
ally
alt
ered
ro
cks
of P
inkh
am C
anyo
n, u
ndiv
ided
—R
egio
nally
, m
etas
edim
enta
ry r
ocks
co
mpr
ise
(a)
schi
stos
e ga
rnet
-sil
lim
anit
e/an
dalu
site
-mus
covi
te-b
ioti
te-q
uart
z-fe
ldsp
ar p
elit
ic g
neis
s, (
b) c
ompo
siti
onal
ly l
amin
ated
, si
lice
ous
gran
ofel
s
cons
isti
ng p
redo
min
antl
y of
qua
rtz
and
cord
ieri
te a
nd c
onta
inin
g va
ryin
g am
ount
s of
sill
iman
ite a
nd (
or)
anda
lusi
te,
garn
et,
stau
rolit
e, p
lagi
ocla
se,
and
alka
li fe
ldsp
ar,
bio
tite,
and
mus
covi
te,
(c)
blui
sh g
ray
silic
eous
gra
nofe
ls,
(d)
scat
tere
d th
in la
yers
of
ferr
omag
nesi
an s
chis
t and
gra
nofe
ls. I
nclu
des:
Silic
eous
gra
nofe
ls o
f W
ilson
Can
yon—
Blu
ish
gray
sili
ceou
s gr
anof
els
cons
isti
ng
pred
omin
antl
y of
co
arse
-gra
ined
qu
artz
an
d ve
ry
fine
-gra
ined
se
rici
te th
at h
as r
epla
ced
plag
iocl
ase
and
cord
ieri
te p
seud
omor
phic
ally
Eag
le M
ount
ains
ass
embl
age
(Pro
tero
zoic
)—R
egio
nal
grou
ping
of
met
amor
phic
ro
ck u
nits
com
pris
ing
gran
itic
bas
emen
t te
rran
e de
posi
tion
ally
ove
rlai
n by
m
etas
edim
enta
ry
supr
acru
stal
se
ctio
n.
Eag
le
Mou
ntai
ns
asse
mbl
age
is
wid
espr
ead
in E
agle
, Pin
to, a
nd C
huck
wal
la M
ount
ains
. Con
sist
s of
:M
etas
edim
enta
ry
rock
s (M
iddl
e or
E
arly
P
rote
rozo
ic)—
Met
amor
phos
ed
plat
form
sec
tion
of
quar
tzit
e, p
elit
ic s
chis
t an
d po
rphy
robl
asti
c gr
anof
els,
fe
rrif
erou
s fe
ldsp
athi
c sc
hist
, dol
omite
, and
min
or li
mes
tone
. Not
all
rock
type
s cr
op o
ut i
n Pi
nto
Mou
ntai
n qu
adra
ngle
. The
rmal
ly m
etam
orph
osed
thr
ough
out
regi
on.
Def
orm
ed i
n th
e C
huck
wal
la,
Eag
le,
and
sout
hern
Pin
to M
ount
ains
; un
defo
rmed
in c
entr
al P
into
Mou
ntai
ns. I
nclu
des:
Dol
omit
e of
Iro
n C
hief
min
e (M
iddl
e or
Ear
ly P
rote
rozo
ic)—
Ver
y co
arse
-gr
aine
d do
lom
ite m
arbl
e ha
ving
int
erlo
ckin
g re
crys
talli
zed
grai
ns a
s la
rge
as 1
cm
. W
hite
to
ligh
t gr
ay,
gray
ish
oran
ge (
10Y
R 7
/4)
to p
ale
yell
owis
h or
or
angi
sh b
row
n w
eath
erin
g. T
hin
to t
hick
-lay
ered
int
erva
ls r
ich
in d
ark-
brow
n w
eath
erin
g si
liceo
us n
odul
es,
pods
, an
d le
nses
; sp
orad
ic l
ayer
s of
ver
y co
arse
-gr
aine
d w
hite
ca
lcit
e m
arbl
e (<
3 m
th
ick)
, qu
artz
ite,
an
d da
rk-b
row
n-w
eath
erin
g he
mat
ite-
dolo
mit
e (i
ron
ore)
. C
onta
ins
scat
tere
d ca
lc-s
ilic
ate
min
eral
s, in
clud
ing
garn
et, d
iops
ide,
and
phl
ogop
iteQ
uart
zite
of
Pin
to M
ount
ain
(Mid
dle
or E
arly
Pro
tero
zoic
)—C
onsi
sts
of
thre
e in
terf
inge
ring
lith
ofac
ies:
(1)
gra
y to
blu
ish
gray
qua
rtzi
te, c
oars
e- to
ver
y co
arse
-gra
ined
, vitr
eous
, thi
n be
dded
to m
assi
ve, c
onta
inin
g gr
anul
e an
d pe
bble
co
nglo
mer
ate
beds
; (2)
whi
te q
uart
zite
, coa
rse-
to v
ery
coar
se-g
rain
ed, v
itreo
us,
mas
sive
; an
d (3
) pe
litic
roc
ks. I
nclu
des
two
sequ
ence
s of
uni
ts, o
ne d
esig
nate
d by
num
ber
and
one
by c
olor
and
com
posi
tion:
Uni
t 9—
Whi
te t
o lig
ht g
ray
quar
tzite
; ch
iefl
y in
terp
rete
d fr
om c
olor
aer
ial
phot
ogra
phs
Uni
t 8—
Dar
k gr
ay,
coar
se-g
rain
ed,
vitr
eous
qua
rtzi
te c
onta
inin
g gr
anul
e to
pe
bble
con
glom
erat
e be
ds; c
ross
-bed
ded;
upr
ight
Uni
t 7—
Pel
itic
roc
ks;
com
pose
d of
and
alus
ite,
whi
te m
ica,
and
qua
rtz.
Po
rphy
robl
astic
to
gran
obla
stic
; no
t fo
liate
d in
Pin
to M
ount
ains
; sc
hist
ose
in
Eag
le M
ount
ains
sou
thea
st o
f qu
adra
ngle
. W
ell
deve
lope
d pa
tina
of
dese
rt
varn
ish
mak
es u
nit s
how
as
dark
on
colo
r ae
rial
pho
togr
aphs
Uni
t 6—
Ver
y co
arse
-gra
ined
, vitr
eous
, whi
te to
ligh
t-gr
ay q
uart
zite
(98
-99%
qu
artz
) w
ith i
nter
lock
ing
grai
ns a
s la
rge
as 1
cm
. A
s m
appe
d, m
ay i
nclu
de
dom
ains
of
rem
obili
zed
quar
tz.
Uni
t 5—
Pel
itic
roc
ks;
com
pose
d of
and
alus
ite,
whi
te m
ica,
and
qua
rtz.
Po
rphy
robl
astic
to
gran
obla
stic
; no
t fo
liate
d in
Pin
to M
ount
ains
; sc
hist
ose
in
Eag
le M
ount
ains
sou
thea
st o
f qu
adra
ngle
. W
ell
deve
lope
d pa
tina
of
dese
rt
varn
ish
mak
es u
nit s
how
as
dark
on
colo
r ae
rial
pho
togr
aphs
Uni
t 4—
Dar
k gr
ay, c
oars
e-gr
aine
d, v
itreo
us q
uart
zite
with
gra
nule
to p
ebbl
e co
nglo
mer
ate
beds
; cro
ss-b
edde
d; u
prig
htU
nit
3—Pe
litic
roc
ks;
chie
fly
quar
tz-m
usco
vite
-sill
iman
ite/a
ndal
usite
roc
k.
Porp
hyro
blas
tic t
o gr
anob
last
ic;
not
folia
ted
in P
into
Mou
ntai
ns;
schi
stos
e in
E
agle
Mou
ntai
ns s
outh
east
of
quad
rang
leU
nit
2—V
ery
coar
se-g
rain
ed, v
itreo
us, w
hite
to li
ght-
gray
qua
rtzi
te (
98-9
9%
quar
tz)
wit
h in
terl
ocki
ng
grai
ns
as
larg
e as
1
cm;
grai
ns
are
stro
ngly
re
crys
tall
ized
and
hav
e su
ture
d bo
unda
ries
; no
evi
denc
e of
rel
ict
roun
ded
sedi
men
tary
gra
ins;
mas
sive
; be
ddin
g ob
scur
e or
obl
itera
ted;
thi
n se
ams
rich
in
redd
ish
blac
k he
mat
ite a
nd a
lum
inos
ilica
te m
iner
als.
As
map
ped,
may
inc
lude
do
mai
ns o
f re
mob
ilize
d qu
artz
Uni
t 1—
Mot
tled
light
- to
dar
k-gr
ay t
o bl
uish
-gra
y qu
artz
ite (
>95
% q
uart
z);
med
ium
bed
ded
to m
assi
ve;
cont
ains
and
alus
ite a
nd s
illim
anite
. C
ongl
omer
ate
occu
rs i
n la
yers
and
len
ses
as t
hick
as
3 m
nea
r un
conf
orm
ity a
t ba
se o
f qu
artz
ite u
nit.
Cla
sts
cons
ist
of p
ebbl
es a
nd c
obbl
es o
f (1
) ve
ry c
oars
e-gr
aine
d w
hite
qua
rtzi
te o
r qu
artz
(85
-95%
), (
2) t
abul
ar c
last
s of
fin
e-gr
aine
d bl
ack
spec
ular
hem
atit
e-ri
ch q
uart
zite
(5-
15%
), a
nd (
3) r
are
fine
-gra
ined
jas
per.
Mat
rix
is m
ottle
d lig
ht t
o da
rk g
ray
quar
tzite
. D
efor
med
cla
sts
have
asp
ect
ratio
s as
gre
at a
s 10
:2:1
. H
emat
ite i
mpa
rts
char
acte
rist
ic r
usty
bro
wn
stai
n.
Dep
osite
d no
ncon
form
ably
on
rego
lith
deve
lope
d on
gra
nite
of
Josh
ua T
ree
Gra
y un
it—
Gra
y qu
artz
ite.
On
east
fla
nk o
f P
into
Mou
ntai
n, c
hief
ly
inte
rpre
ted
from
col
or a
eria
l pho
togr
aphs
. Con
sist
s of
: L
ight
gra
y un
it—
Lig
ht-g
ray
to
gray
qu
artz
ite
(>95
%
quar
tz).
As
map
ped,
may
incl
ude
dom
ains
of
rem
obili
zed
quar
tzD
ark
gray
uni
t—D
ark-
gray
to b
luis
h-gr
ay q
uart
zite
(>
95%
qua
rtz)
Whi
te u
nit—
Ver
y co
arse
-gra
ined
, vi
treo
us,
whi
te t
o li
ght-
gray
qua
rtzi
te
(98-
99%
qua
rtz)
hav
ing
inte
rloc
king
gra
ins
as la
rge
as 1
cm
; gra
ins
are
stro
ngly
re
crys
tall
ized
and
hav
e su
ture
d bo
unda
ries
; no
evi
denc
e of
rel
ict
roun
ded
sedi
men
tary
gra
ins;
mas
sive
; be
ddin
g ob
scur
e or
obl
itera
ted.
As
map
ped,
may
in
clud
e do
mai
ns o
f re
mob
iliz
ed q
uart
z. O
n ea
st f
lank
of
Pin
to M
ount
ain,
ch
iefl
y in
terp
rete
d fr
om c
olor
aer
ial p
hoto
grap
hsP
elit
ic u
nit—
Dar
k m
etam
orph
osed
pel
itic
rock
s, c
onta
inin
g ve
ry a
bund
ant
alum
inos
ilica
te m
iner
als;
chi
efly
com
pose
d of
qua
rtz,
m
usco
vite
, si
llim
anite
an
d (o
r) a
ndal
usite
; bi
otite
-bea
ring
in
plac
es.
Porp
hyro
blas
tic t
o gr
anob
last
ic;
schi
stos
e to
unf
olia
ted
in P
into
Mou
ntai
ns.
Uni
t al
so c
onta
ins
dark
-col
ored
qu
artz
ite;
as m
appe
d, m
ay i
nclu
de b
odie
s of
Jur
assi
c m
afic
and
int
erm
edia
te
intr
usiv
e su
ite (
Jmiu
). O
n ea
st f
lank
of
Pint
o M
ount
ain,
chi
efly
inte
rpre
ted
from
co
lor
aeri
al p
hoto
grap
hs.
Wel
l de
velo
ped
patin
a of
des
ert
varn
ish
mak
es u
nit
show
as
dark
on
colo
r ae
rial
pho
togr
aphs
Met
amor
phos
ed r
egol
ith
(Mid
dle
or E
arly
Pro
tero
zoic
)—A
lum
inou
s ho
rizo
n at
top
of
gran
ite g
neis
s be
neat
h ov
erly
ing
quar
tzite
; 3
to 5
m t
hick
. Con
sist
s of
qu
artz
(50
-55%
), m
usco
vite
, an
d as
muc
h as
40
perc
ent
anda
lusi
te a
nd (
or)
sill
iman
ite.
In
terp
rete
d as
m
etam
orph
osed
w
eath
erin
g re
goli
th.
Fel
dspa
r ph
enoc
ryst
s in
gra
nite
ben
eath
reg
olith
are
inc
reas
ingl
y al
tere
d up
war
d to
war
d co
ntac
t (r
epre
sent
ed
by
incr
easi
ngly
ab
unda
nt
mus
covi
te
at
the
pres
ent
met
amor
phic
gra
de)
and
base
of
rego
lith
is m
arke
d by
abr
upt
disa
ppea
ranc
e of
fe
ldsp
ar.
Qua
rtz
grai
ns
have
ab
out
sam
e si
ze
rang
e an
d di
stri
buti
on
as
phen
ocry
sts
in
unde
rlyi
ng
gran
ite
gnei
ss.
Met
amor
phos
ed
rego
lith
is
po
rphy
robl
astic
gra
nofe
ls h
ere
in P
into
Mou
ntai
ns, w
here
it
is c
aps
porp
hyri
tic
gran
ite a
nd i
s ov
erla
in b
y un
defo
rmed
con
glom
erat
e. S
chis
tose
to
sout
heas
t in
C
onej
o W
ell
quad
rang
le,
whe
re
it
over
lies
gr
anit
e gn
eiss
an
d un
derl
ies
stre
tche
d-pe
bble
con
glom
erat
eG
rani
te g
neis
s of
Jos
hua
Tre
e (E
arly
Pro
tero
zoic
)—B
iotit
e-pl
agio
clas
e-qu
artz
-al
kali
feld
spar
fla
ser
auge
n gn
eiss
. L
ight
gra
y to
whi
te,
leuc
ocra
tic;
light
to
mod
erat
e ru
sty
brow
n pa
tina
on
wea
ther
ed s
urfa
ces.
Aug
en a
re t
ypic
ally
el
onga
te,
spin
dle-
shap
ed a
ggre
gate
s of
alk
ali
feld
spar
, pl
agio
clas
e, a
nd q
uart
z;
som
e au
gen
have
cor
es o
f m
icro
clin
e m
egac
ryst
s w
ith "
pres
sure
sha
dow
" ta
ils
of r
ecry
stal
lized
fin
er-g
rain
ed q
uart
z an
d fe
ldsp
ar.
Gne
issi
c fo
liatio
n ex
hibi
ted
as q
uart
zo-f
elds
path
ic l
ayer
s 1
to 2
cm
thi
ck s
epar
ated
by
wis
py,
disc
ontin
ous
stri
nger
s of
bi
otit
e.
Foli
a ty
pica
lly
are
fold
ed.
Uni
t yi
elds
U
-Pb
zirc
on
min
imum
age
of
1650
Ma
(L.T
. S
ilve
r, 1
978-
1980
, or
al c
omm
unic
atio
n).
Met
amor
phos
ed a
nd p
enet
rativ
ely
defo
rmed
aft
er d
evel
opm
ent
of w
eath
erin
g re
golit
h an
d de
posi
tion
of o
verl
ying
qua
rtzi
te o
f Pi
nto
Mou
ntai
nP
orph
yrit
ic g
rani
te o
f Jo
shua
Tre
e (E
arly
Pro
tero
zoic
)—Po
rphy
ritic
gra
nite
. L
ight
gra
y to
whi
te,
leuc
ocra
tic;
lig
ht t
o m
oder
ate
rust
y br
own
pati
na o
n w
eath
ered
sur
face
s. P
heno
crys
ts o
f w
hite
to
gray
alk
ali
feld
spar
and
gre
enis
h-w
hite
pla
gioc
lase
, an
d sp
hero
idal
qua
rtz
(<1
cm).
Les
s th
an 1
0 pe
rcen
t bi
otite
, ty
pica
lly i
n re
crys
talli
zed
clot
s. U
nit
yiel
ds U
-Pb
zirc
on m
inim
um a
ge o
f 16
50
Ma
(L.T
. Silv
er, 1
978-
1980
, ora
l com
mun
icat
ion)
1 N0T
E:
Thi
s ge
olog
ic m
ap i
s on
e re
pres
enta
tion
of
rock
uni
ts c
onta
ined
in
the
digi
tal
data
base
. T
he
data
base
al
so
desc
ribe
s a
hier
arch
ical
ar
ray
of
stra
tigr
aphi
c pa
rent
s of
the
map
ped
unit
s. T
he p
aren
t un
its
aggr
egat
e th
e ro
ck
unit
s sh
own
on t
his
map
and
can
be
used
to
gene
rate
and
dis
play
mor
e ge
nera
lize
d ge
olog
ic m
aps.
Som
e of
the
par
ent
unit
s ar
e de
scri
bed
here
in
this
D
escr
ipti
on o
f M
ap U
nits
; al
l ar
e de
scri
bed
in t
he D
escr
ipti
on o
f D
atab
ase
Uni
ts in
the
sum
mar
y pa
mph
let t
hat a
ccom
pani
es th
is O
pen-
Fil
e R
epor
t.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
CIT
ED
Bis
hop,
C. C
., co
mpi
ler,
1963
, Geo
logi
c m
ap o
f C
alif
orni
a; N
eedl
es s
heet
: C
alif
orni
a D
ivis
ion
of M
ines
and
Geo
logy
, sca
le 1
:250
,000
.B
ull,
W.B
., 19
91,
Geo
mor
phic
res
pons
es t
o cl
imat
ic c
hang
e: N
ew Y
ork,
Oxf
ord
Uni
vers
ity P
ress
, 326
p.
Car
ter,
J.N
., L
uyen
dyk,
B.P
., an
d Te
rres
, R
.R.,
1987
, N
eoge
ne c
lock
wis
e te
cton
ic
rota
tion
of
th
e ea
ster
n T
rans
vers
e R
ange
s,
Cal
ifor
nia,
su
gges
ted
by
pale
omag
netic
vec
tors
: G
eolo
gica
l So
ciet
y of
Am
eric
a B
ulle
tin,
v. 9
8, p
. 19
9-20
6.H
ope,
R.A
., 19
66,
Geo
logy
and
str
uctu
ral
setti
ng o
f th
e ea
ster
n T
rans
vers
e R
ange
s,
sout
hern
Cal
ifor
nia
[Ph.
D.
thes
is]:
Los
Ang
eles
, U
nive
rsity
of
Cal
ifor
nia,
158
p.
Jam
es,
E.W
., 19
89,
Sout
hern
ext
ensi
on o
f th
e In
depe
nden
ce d
ike
swar
m o
f ea
ster
n C
alif
orni
a: G
eolo
gy, v
. 17,
no.
7, p
. 587
-590
.M
cFad
den,
L.D
., 19
88, C
limat
ic in
flue
nces
on
rate
s an
d pr
oces
ses
of s
oil d
evel
opm
ent
in Q
uate
rnar
y de
posi
ts o
f so
uthe
rn C
alif
orni
a, in
Rei
nhar
dt, J
. and
Sig
leo,
W.R
., ed
s.,
Pal
eoso
ls
and
wea
ther
ing
thro
ugh
geol
ogic
ti
me:
P
rinc
iple
s an
d ap
plic
atio
ns: G
eolo
gica
l Soc
iety
of A
mer
ica
Spec
ial P
aper
216
, p. 1
53-1
77.
Mil
ler,
W.J
., 19
38,
Pre
-Cam
bria
n an
d as
soci
ated
roc
ks n
ear
Twen
ty-n
ine
Palm
s,
Cal
ifor
nia:
Geo
logi
cal S
ocie
ty o
f Am
eric
a B
ulle
tin, v
. 49,
p. 4
17-4
46.
Mun
sell
Col
or,
1975
, M
unse
ll so
il co
lor
char
ts,
1975
edi
tion:
Bal
timor
e, M
aryl
and,
M
acbe
th D
ivis
ion
of K
ollm
orge
n C
orpo
ratio
n.P
owel
l, R
.E.,
1993
, B
alan
ced
pali
nspa
stic
re
cons
truc
tion
of
pr
e-la
te
Cen
ozoi
c pa
leog
eolo
gy,
sout
hern
Cal
ifor
nia:
Geo
logi
c an
d ki
nem
atic
con
stra
ints
on
evol
utio
n of
the
San
And
reas
fau
lt sy
stem
, in
Pow
ell,
R.E
., W
eldo
n, R
.J.,
II, a
nd
Mat
ti, J
.C.,
eds.
, T
he S
an A
ndre
as f
ault
syst
em:
Dis
plac
emen
t, pa
linsp
astic
re
cons
truc
tion,
and
geo
logi
c ev
olut
ion:
Geo
logi
cal
Soci
ety
of A
mer
ica
Mem
oir
178,
p. 1
-106
.Po
wel
l, R
.E.,
2001
a, G
eolo
gic
map
and
dig
ital d
atab
ase
of th
e C
onej
o W
ell 7
.5 m
inut
e qu
adra
ngle
, R
iver
side
Cou
nty,
Cal
ifor
nia,
ver
sion
1.0
: U
.S.
Geo
logi
cal
Surv
ey
Ope
n-Fi
le R
epor
t 01-
31, 1
8 p.
, sca
le 1
:24,
000.
http
://ge
opub
s.w
r.usg
s.go
v/op
en-f
ile/o
f01-
31/
Pow
ell,
R.E
., 20
01b,
Geo
logi
c m
ap a
nd d
igita
l da
taba
se o
f th
e Po
rcup
ine
Was
h 7.
5 m
inut
e qu
adra
ngle
, R
iver
side
Cou
nty,
Cal
ifor
nia,
ver
sion
1.0
: U
.S.
Geo
logi
cal
Surv
ey O
pen-
File
Rep
ort 0
1-30
, 18
p., s
cale
1:2
4,00
0.ht
tp://
geop
ubs.
wr.u
sgs.
gov/
open
-file
/of0
1-30
/R
oger
s, J
.J.W
., 19
61, I
gneo
us a
nd m
etam
orph
ic r
ocks
of
the
wes
tern
por
tion
of J
oshu
a T
ree
Nat
iona
l M
onum
ent,
Riv
ersi
de a
nd S
an B
erna
rdin
o C
ount
ies,
Cal
ifor
nia:
C
alif
orni
a D
ivis
ion
of M
ines
Spe
cial
Rep
ort 6
8, 2
6 p.
Stre
ckei
sen
A.,
1976
, To
each
plu
toni
c ro
ck it
s pr
oper
nam
e: E
arth
Sci
ence
Rev
iew
s, v
. 12
, p. 1
-33.
Woo
den,
J.L
., To
sdal
, R
.M.,
How
ard,
K.A
., Po
wel
l, R
.E.,
Mat
ti, J
.C.,
and
Bar
th, A
.P.,
1994
, M
esoz
oic
intr
usiv
e hi
stor
y of
par
ts o
f th
e ea
ster
n T
rans
vers
e R
ange
s,
Cal
ifor
nia:
Pre
limin
ary
U-P
b zi
rcon
res
ults
: G
eolo
gica
l So
ciet
y of
Am
eric
a A
bstr
acts
with
Pro
gram
s, v
. 26,
n. 2
, p. 1
0 4-
105.
You
ng a
lluvi
al d
epos
its,
old
uni
t (H
oloc
ene)
—C
onso
lidat
ed c
oars
e gr
avel
and
sa
nd f
orm
ing
fans
adj
acen
t to
mou
ntai
n-fr
ont
esca
rpm
ents
. O
n co
lor
aeri
al
phot
ogra
phs,
uni
t sh
ows
as d
ark
brow
nish
gra
y to
dar
k gr
ay t
o bl
ack
surf
aces
ch
arac
teri
zed
by p
lum
ose
anas
tom
osin
g ch
anne
ls i
ndic
ativ
e of
bar
and
sw
ale
mor
phol
ogy.
Loc
ally
, un
it in
clud
es c
obbl
y an
d bo
ulde
ry d
ebri
s fl
ow d
epos
its.
Mod
erat
e to
str
ong
varn
ish
on r
ocky
sur
face
s. P
roxi
mal
ly,
unit
is i
nset
int
o P
leis
toce
ne
depo
sits
( Q
oam
3;
Qoa
y);
dist
ally
, it
ov
erla
ps
them
. In
ferr
ed
stra
tigra
phic
pos
ition
, st
rong
des
ert
varn
ish,
and
bar
and
sw
ale
mor
phol
ogy
sugg
est
earl
y H
oloc
ene
age.
Sur
face
s co
rrel
ativ
e w
ith Q
3a s
urfa
ces
of B
ull
(199
1). E
xten
t of
unit
inte
rpre
ted
larg
ely
from
aer
ial p
hoto
grap
hs. I
nclu
des:
You
ng a
lluvi
al d
epos
its,
old
uni
t, g
rave
lly f
acie
s, u
ndiv
ided
(m
iddl
e an
d (o
r) e
arly
Hol
ocen
e)—
Gra
velly
allu
vium
for
min
g fe
eder
-cha
nnel
dep
osits
in
cany
on-b
otto
ms
and
fan
depo
sits
pro
xim
al t
o st
eep
rang
e fr
onts
on
clas
s 1
pied
mon
ts. O
n so
me
fans
, tw
o se
quen
ces
can
be d
istin
guis
hed
mor
phol
ogic
ally
. L
ocal
ly, d
ivid
ed in
to:
You
ng a
lluvi
al d
epos
its,
old
uni
t, g
rave
lly f
acie
s 2—
You
nger
seq
uenc
e of
co
arse
gra
velly
allu
vial
dep
osits
. At
a fe
w l
ocal
ities
, ea
rly
fan
depo
sits
can
be
dist
ingu
ishe
d in
thi
s se
quen
ce o
n th
e ba
sis
of a
rou
gher
sur
face
tex
ture
as
seen
on
col
or a
real
pho
togr
aphs
. L
ocal
ly, c
onta
ins:
You
ng
allu
vial
d
epos
its,
ol
d
un
it,
grav
elly
fa
cies
2,
ro
ugh
su
rfac
e—C
oars
est
and
mos
t pr
oxim
al p
arts
of
unit
2 th
at d
ispl
ay a
n es
peci
ally
ro
ugh
surf
ace
text
ure
on a
eria
l ph
otog
raph
s; t
extu
re r
efle
cts
high
-rel
ief
bar
and
swal
e m
orph
olog
y as
soci
ated
with
ext
rem
ely
coar
se g
rave
l or
rew
orke
d de
bris
You
ng a
lluvi
al d
epos
its,
old
uni
t, g
rave
lly f
acie
s 1—
Old
er s
eque
nce
of
coar
se g
rave
lly a
lluvi
al d
epos
its. A
t a
few
loc
aliti
es,
earl
y fa
n de
posi
ts c
an b
e di
stin
guis
hed
in t
his
sequ
ence
on
the
basi
s of
a r
ough
er s
urfa
ce t
extu
re a
s se
en
on c
olor
are
al p
hoto
grap
hs.
Loc
ally
, con
tain
s:Y
oun
g al
luvi
al
dep
osit
s,
old
u
nit
, gr
avel
ly
faci
es
1,
rou
gh
surf
ace—
Coa
rses
t an
d m
ost
prox
imal
par
ts o
f un
it 1
that
dis
play
a r
ough
su
rfac
e te
xtur
e on
aer
ial
phot
ogra
phs;
tex
ture
ref
lect
s hi
gh-r
elie
f ba
r an
d sw
ale
mor
phol
ogy
asso
ciat
ed w
ith e
xtre
mel
y co
arse
gra
vel o
r re
wor
ked
debr
is
YO
UN
G A
ND
OL
D(?
) SU
RF
ICIA
L D
EP
OSI
TS
You
ng a
lluv
ial
depo
sits
, ol
d ox
idiz
ed s
andy
uni
t (m
iddl
e an
d (o
r) e
arly
H
oloc
ene
and
late
Ple
isto
cene
?)—
Sand
and
peb
bly
to c
obbl
y sa
nd f
orm
ing
apro
ns o
n m
ount
ain-
fron
t an
d in
selb
erg
pied
mon
ts w
here
sou
rce
terr
ane
cons
ists
of
C
reta
ceou
s gr
anit
ic
rock
s. T
hick
est
whe
re
butt
ress
ed
agai
nst
inse
lber
gs
or
rang
e-fr
ont;
ta
pers
do
wn-
pied
mon
t in
to
thin
ve
neer
s on
Pl
eist
ocen
e de
posi
ts.
Whe
re u
nit
is e
xpos
ed i
n ar
royo
wal
ls h
igh
on p
iedm
ont
slop
es, l
oose
sur
fici
al s
edim
ent p
asse
s do
wn-
sect
ion
into
fir
mer
slo
pe w
ash
and
allu
vial
dep
osits
. D
epos
its o
f th
is u
nit
redd
en w
ith d
epth
and
pro
babl
y co
ntai
n on
e or
mor
e bu
ried
soi
l ho
rizo
ns.
In p
lace
s, r
edde
ned
sedi
men
t co
ntai
ns
scat
tere
d eq
uant
ble
bs o
f fi
lam
ento
us c
alci
te,
indi
catin
g an
inc
ipie
nt (
Stag
e I)
ca
lcic
soi
l. U
nit
surf
aces
are
sm
ooth
, sa
ndy,
and
cha
ract
eriz
ed b
y ox
idiz
ed
grai
ns o
f po
tass
ium
fel
dspa
r th
at r
ange
in
colo
r fr
om r
eddi
sh y
ello
w (
5YR
6/6
to
7/6
) to
yel
low
ish
red
(5Y
R 5
/6)
to p
ink
(5Y
R 7
/4);
app
ear
oran
ge o
n co
lor
aeri
al p
hoto
grap
hs.
The
se g
rain
s oc
cur
as v
enee
r un
derl
ain
by p
edog
enic
Av
hori
zon
of l
oess
-lik
e, v
esic
ular
ver
y pa
le b
row
n (1
0YR
7/3
) ca
lcar
eous
silt
, ty
pica
lly 1
to
4 cm
thi
ck.
Av
hori
zon
unde
rlai
n by
pal
e-br
own
(10Y
R 6
/3 t
o 6.
5/3)
to
light
yel
low
ish-
brow
n (1
0YR
6/4
) sa
nd. U
nit
infe
rred
to
incl
ude
late
st
Plei
stoc
ene
and
(or)
ear
ly to
mid
dle
Hol
ocen
e ag
grad
atio
nal a
lluvi
al d
epos
its a
s w
ell
as y
oung
er a
lluvi
al d
epos
its t
hat
have
acc
umul
ated
as
a re
sult
of s
heet
fl
oods
ori
gina
ting
eith
er a
s dr
aina
ge b
asin
dis
char
ge o
r as
sur
face
run
-off
acr
oss
the
olde
r de
posi
ts. P
roxi
mal
par
ts o
f un
it ar
e in
cise
d by
cha
nnel
s in
whi
ch m
ore
rece
nt y
oung
(Q
yam
uni
ts a
nd Q
yay
units
) an
d ve
ry y
oung
(Q
vya
units
) al
luvi
al
depo
sits
hav
e ac
cum
ulat
ed. D
own-
pied
mon
t, w
here
mor
e re
cent
you
ng d
epos
its
feat
her
out
onto
Qya
os,
Qya
os s
urfa
ces
are
slig
htly
dis
sect
ed b
y an
asto
mos
ing
netw
ork
of b
raid
ed c
hann
els
surr
ound
ing
smal
l is
land
s of
Qya
os. U
nit
typi
cally
oc
curs
as
thin
allu
vial
apr
on d
epos
ited
on w
eath
ered
gra
nitic
bas
emen
t hi
gh o
n pi
edm
ont
slop
es a
nd s
prea
d do
wn-
slop
e ac
ross
old
er s
urfi
cial
dep
osit
s. A
s m
appe
d, u
nit m
ay in
clud
e m
ore
rece
nt y
oung
dep
osits
YO
UN
G A
ND
(O
R)
OL
D S
UR
FIC
IAL
DE
PO
SIT
SC
ollu
vial
de
posi
ts,
undi
vide
d (Q
uate
rnar
y)—
Col
luvi
al
apro
ns
shed
fr
om
crys
tall
ine
base
men
t es
carp
men
ts
alon
g ca
nyon
w
alls
an
d ra
nge-
fron
ts;
pred
omin
antly
talu
s
OL
D
SUR
FIC
IAL
D
EP
OSI
TS—
Con
soli
date
d de
posi
ts
in
allu
vial
fa
ns,
on
pied
mon
t sl
opes
, an
d in
col
luvi
al d
ebri
s ap
rons
. O
ld d
epos
its e
xhib
it sl
ight
ly t
o st
rong
ly d
isse
cted
geo
mor
phic
sur
face
s; g
rave
lly d
epos
its h
ave
wel
l-de
velo
ped
and
stro
ngly
var
nish
ed p
avem
ents
; gr
aniti
c de
bris
cha
ract
eriz
ed b
y A
v/B
t/Bk/
Cox
soi
l pr
ofile
s; S
tage
III
-IV
car
bona
te m
orph
olog
y. T
hese
dep
osits
mer
ge w
ith o
ne a
noth
er
to f
orm
a th
in m
antle
that
for
med
on
an e
volv
ing
Plei
stoc
ene
land
scap
eO
ld
allu
vial
de
posi
ts
(Hol
ocen
e?
and
Ple
isto
cene
)—C
onso
lida
ted
allu
vium
de
posi
ted
in c
anyo
n an
d ar
royo
bot
tom
s an
d on
pie
dmon
t sl
opes
. A
s w
ith
youn
g al
luvi
al d
epos
its (
Qya
uni
ts),
old
pie
dmon
t al
luvi
al d
epos
its c
ompr
ise
two
clas
ses:
(1)
Dep
osit
s th
at o
ccur
in
allu
vial
apr
ons
char
acte
rize
d by
pr
omin
ently
con
e-sh
aped
, m
ulti-
lobe
d fa
ns t
hat
coal
esce
int
o ba
jada
s do
wn-
pied
mon
t. S
edim
ents
ge
nera
lly
have
a
sour
ce
in
resi
stan
t ro
cks
havi
ng
wea
ther
ing
and
denu
dati
on c
hara
cter
isti
cs t
hat
are
rela
tivel
y in
sens
itiv
e to
cl
imat
ic c
hang
e (s
ee B
ull,
1991
, p.
161
-167
). S
and
and
grav
el.
Uni
t su
rfac
es
cons
ist
of v
ery
wel
l-de
velo
ped
pave
men
ts o
f st
rong
ly v
arni
shed
peb
bles
and
co
bble
s; d
ark
and
smoo
th.
Pave
men
ts u
nder
lain
by
pedo
geni
c A
v ho
rizo
n of
ve
ry p
ale
brow
n (1
0YR
7/3
), l
oess
-lik
e, v
esic
ular
silt
. R
elic
t pa
vem
ents
and
un
derl
ying
old
allu
vial
dep
osits
are
mor
e de
eply
dis
sect
ed w
ith i
ncre
asin
g ag
e.
(2)
Dep
osits
tha
t oc
cur
on b
road
pie
dmon
t sl
opes
dev
elop
ed o
n re
lativ
ely
less
re
sist
ant
rock
s al
ong
deep
ly
emba
yed
mou
ntai
n fr
onts
. W
eath
erin
g an
d de
nuda
tion
char
acte
rist
ics
of th
ese
less
res
ista
nt r
ocks
are
rel
ativ
ely
sens
itive
to
clim
atic
cha
nge.
In
Pin
to M
ount
ain
quad
rang
le,
clas
s 2
pied
mon
t de
posi
ts
cons
ist
of c
onso
lida
ted
allu
vium
and
slo
pe w
ash
that
acc
umul
ated
as
thin
ap
rons
on
pedi
men
ts b
evel
ed o
nto
Mes
ozoi
c gr
aniti
c ro
cks,
Pro
tero
zoic
gra
nite
gn
eiss
of
Josh
ua T
ree,
and
Qua
tern
ary
and
(or)
Ter
tiary
str
ata.
The
und
erly
ing
crys
talli
ne r
ocks
are
exp
osed
sou
th o
f th
e qu
adra
ngle
, w
here
allu
vial
uni
ts a
re
buttr
esse
d ag
ains
t ba
ses
of i
nsel
berg
s in
the
Eag
le M
ount
ains
(se
e In
dex
Map
).
Muc
h of
map
ping
of
thes
e de
posi
ts is
bas
ed o
n ae
rial
pho
togr
aph
inte
rpre
tatio
n an
d ha
s no
t bee
n fi
eld-
chec
ked;
age
ass
ignm
ents
are
tent
ativ
e. C
onsi
sts
of:
Old
allu
vial
dep
osit
s, y
oung
uni
t (H
oloc
ene?
and
lat
e P
leis
toce
ne)—
Sand
and
pe
bbly
to
cobb
ly s
and
depo
site
d as
allu
vial
fill
in
cany
ons
and
arro
yos
and
in
apro
ns b
uttr
esse
d ag
ains
t ba
ses
of i
nsel
berg
s an
d m
ount
ain
mas
sifs
. D
epos
its
chie
fly
deri
ved
from
ex
posu
res
of
gran
ite
gnei
ss
of
Josh
ua
Tre
e an
d m
onzo
dior
ite
of M
unse
n C
anyo
n so
uth
of q
uadr
angl
e (s
ee P
owel
l, 20
01a,
20
01b)
. Pa
vem
ents
are
lig
ht-c
olor
ed,
smoo
th,
and
mod
erat
ely
inci
sed
by
dend
riti
c ne
twor
ks o
f cl
osel
y sp
aced
gul
lies
gen
erat
ed b
y su
rfac
e ru
n-of
f.
Dep
osits
par
tially
bur
y ol
der
eros
iona
l la
ndsc
ape
on w
hich
ped
imen
t fl
atir
ons
had
deve
lope
d on
ear
lier
allu
vial
-slo
pe a
pron
s D
epos
its i
nset
int
o Q
oam
uni
ts.
As
map
ped,
may
inc
lude
old
er Q
oam
uni
ts h
avin
g at
ypic
ally
lig
ht-c
olor
ed
pave
men
tO
ld a
lluvi
al d
epos
its,
mid
dle
unit
, un
divi
ded
(Ple
isto
cene
)—Sa
nd a
nd g
rave
l. S
urfa
ces
cons
ist
of v
ery
wel
l-de
velo
ped
pave
men
ts o
f st
rong
ly v
arni
shed
pe
bble
s an
d co
bble
s; s
urfa
ces
are
dark
and
sm
ooth
. Pa
vem
ents
und
erla
in b
y pe
doge
nic
Av
hori
zon
of v
ery
pale
bro
wn
(10Y
R 7
/3),
loe
ss-l
ike,
ves
icul
ar s
ilt.
Rel
ict
pave
men
ts
and
unde
rlyi
ng
old
allu
vial
de
posi
ts
are
mor
e de
eply
di
ssec
ted
with
incr
easi
ng a
ge. I
nclu
des:
Mid
dle
unit
3 (
late
Ple
isto
cene
)—Sa
nd a
nd g
rave
l. Pa
vem
ents
are
gen
eral
ly
cont
inuo
us o
ver
broa
d re
lict
sur
face
s; s
ligh
tly
to m
oder
atel
y in
cise
d by
de
ndri
tic n
etw
ork
of s
catte
red
to c
lose
ly s
pace
d gu
llies
. Dep
osits
are
ins
et i
nto
exta
nt o
ld a
nd v
ery
old
allu
vial
dep
osits
(Q
oam
2; Q
voa)
Mid
dle
unit
2 (
mid
dle?
Ple
isto
cene
)—Sa
nd a
nd g
rave
l. Pa
vem
ents
ext
rem
ely
dark
; m
oder
atel
y to
dee
ply
inci
sed
by d
endr
itic
netw
ork
of g
ullie
s. P
avem
ent
and
Av
hori
zon
unde
rlai
n by
red
dene
d pe
doge
nic
B-h
oriz
on, i
n tu
rn u
nder
lain
Qya
u
QT
su
Qvo
a
Jmiu
SUR
RO
UN
DIN
G 7
.5' Q
UA
DR
AN
GL
ES
DE
SCR
IPT
ION
OF
MA
P U
NIT
S1
45
Stri
ke a
nd d
ip o
f fl
ow b
eddi
ng in
sed
imen
tary
str
ata
I
nclin
ed
49
Stri
ke a
nd d
ip o
f fo
liati
on a
nd la
yeri
ng in
met
amor
phic
roc
ks
I
nclin
ed
Ver
tica
l
Bea
ring
and
plu
nge
of m
inor
fold
axi
s an
d pa
ralle
l lin
eati
on
Bea
ring
and
plu
nge
of s
tret
ched
-peb
ble
linea
tion
Bea
ring
and
plu
nge
of a
ligne
d-m
iner
al li
neat
ion
35
Qvy
a 2
Qvy
ye
Qvy
a 1
Tb
Jsbp
CA
LIF
AR
EA
OF
MA
P
Con
tact
—S
olid
whe
re l
ocat
ion
mee
ts m
ap a
ccur
acy
stan
dard
(w
ithi
n 40
ft
or 1
2 m
); d
ashe
d w
here
ap
prox
imat
ely
loca
ted,
may
not
mee
t m
ap a
ccur
acy
stan
dard
; dot
ted
whe
re c
once
aled
Fac
ies
boun
dary
—In
tra-
unit
bou
ndar
y th
at s
epar
ates
al
luvi
al d
epos
its
deri
ved
from
dif
fere
nt d
rain
ages
. A
ppro
xim
atel
y lo
cate
d, m
ay n
ot m
eet
map
acc
urac
y st
anda
rd
Fau
lt—
Hig
h an
gle,
obs
erve
d or
inf
erre
d. S
olid
whe
re
loca
tion
mee
ts m
ap a
ccur
acy
stan
dard
(w
ithin
40
ft
or 1
2 m
); d
ashe
d w
here
app
roxi
mat
ely
loca
ted,
may
no
t m
eet
map
ac
cura
cy
stan
dard
; do
tted
w
here
co
ncea
led
Fau
lt—
Low
ang
le, i
nfer
red.
App
roxi
mat
ely
loca
ted,
may
no
t mee
t map
acc
urac
y st
anda
rd
Fau
lt-l
ine
scar
p
Cla
ssif
icat
ion
of p
luto
nic
rock
type
s (f
rom
Str
ecke
isen
, 197
6).
A, a
lkal
i fel
dspa
r; P
, pla
gioc
lase
fel
dspa
r; Q
, qua
rtz.
Qua
rtz
Syen
iteQ
uart
zM
onzo
nite
Qua
rtz
Mon
zodi
orite
Syen
iteM
onzo
nite
Mon
zodi
orite
Gra
nite
Alkali-feldspar G
ranite
Tonalite
Dio
rite
Syenogranite
Granodiorite
Monzogranite
Quartz
Diorite
9065
3510
5
20
60Q
Q
AP
60
20
5
60
The
mat
rix
colo
r of
sur
fici
al m
ater
ials
and
thei
r pe
doge
nic
soils
is
cla
ssif
ied
acco
rdin
g to
the
Mun
sell
soil-
colo
r ch
arts
(M
unse
ll, 1
975)
.
Thi
s re
port
is
prel
imin
ary
and
has
not
been
rev
iew
ed f
or c
onfo
rmity
with
U.S
. Geo
logi
cal
Surv
ey
edito
rial
sta
ndar
ds o
r w
ith t
he N
orth
Am
eric
an S
trat
igra
phic
Cod
e. A
ny u
se o
f tr
ade,
pro
duct
, or
fi
rm n
ames
is
for
desc
ript
ive
purp
oses
onl
y an
d do
es n
ot i
mpl
y en
dors
emen
t by
the
U.S
. G
over
nmen
t.
Pin
toM
ount
ain
7.5'
Was
hingto
nW
ash
Con
ejo
W
ell(O
F 01-3
1)
New D
ale
San B
ernard
ino
Was
h(O
F 02-4
98)
Fried L
iver
Was
h
Porcu
pine
Was
h(O
F 01-3
0)
Humbu
gM
tn.
Twentyn
ine
Palm
s Mou
ntain
Ts
Jmid
Qcu
Qya
yu
Qya
mu
Qya
ms
Qya
yg
Qya
ys
Qya
mgu
QT
pbl
QT
pbs
QT
pbd
Qoa
m3
Qoa
y
Qya
mg2
Unc
onfo
rmity
Qya
mg1
Qya
og1
Qya
ogu
Qya
os
Qya
og2r
Qya
og2
Qya
og1r
Qoa
m1
Qya
ss
TJh
TJh
QT
cq
Qoa
m2
Allu
vial
dep
osits
Unc
onfo
rmity
(pe
dim
ent)
Unc
onfo
rmity
(pe
dim
ent)
Unc
onfo
rmity
(pe
dim
ent)
Qoa
y
CO
RR
EL
AT
ION
OF
MA
P U
NIT
S1
Tb
QT
su
Qvo
a
Hol
ocen
e
Plei
stoc
ene
CE
NO
ZO
IC
Plio
cene
Mio
cene
TE
RT
IAR
Y
QU
AT
ER
NA
RY
CR
ET
AC
EO
US
JUR
ASS
IC
ME
SOZ
OIC
Qoa
m2
Qoa
m1
Qya
os
Unc
onfo
rmity
(pe
dim
ent)
Unc
onfo
rmity Jm
iu
Qvy
a 2
Qoc
u
Qvy
auQ
vya 1
Qoa
m3
Qya
u
Qoa
mu
PRO
TE
RO
ZO
IC
Plut
onic
roc
ks(E
aste
rn b
elt)
Surf
icia
l dep
osits
Hyp
abys
sal i
ntru
sive
roc
ksan
d di
kes
Met
amor
phic
roc
ks
Col
luvi
al d
epos
its
TJd
u
TJd
u
GE
OL
OG
IC M
AP
AN
D D
IGIT
AL
DA
TA
BA
SE O
F T
HE
PIN
TO
MO
UN
TA
IN 7
.5' Q
UA
DR
AN
GL
E,
RIV
ER
SID
E C
OU
NT
Y, C
AL
IFO
RN
IA
Prep
ared
in c
oope
ratio
n w
ith th
eN
AT
ION
AL
PA
RK
SE
RV
ICE
and
CA
LIF
OR
NIA
GE
OL
OG
ICA
L S
UR
VE
YU
.S. D
EPA
RT
ME
NT
OF
TH
E I
NT
ER
IOR
U.S
. GE
OL
OG
ICA
L S
UR
VE
Y
Qvy
au
Eol
ian
depo
sits
Was
hde
posi
ts
Qoc
u
Play
ade
posi
ts
Qya
mu
Qya
yuQ
yayg
Qya
mgu
Qoc
2
Qoc
1
Qya
ms
Relativeageandstratigrapicrelationsuncertain
Relative age and stratigraphic
relations uncertain
Jpw
Qya
ssQ
yays
Qya
mg1
Qya
ogu
Qya
og2
Qya
og1
Qya
mg2
Qya
og1r
Qya
og2r
Qoc
2
Qoc
1
Qcu
Jsbp
Unmetamorphosed cover
Surf
icia
l dep
osits
Surficial deposits Surficial deposits Crystalline basement
QT
cq
Jmid
QT
pbc
QT
pbl
QT
pbc
QT
pbs
QT
pbd
PA
RK
PIN
TO
MO
UN
TA
INS
EA
GL
EM
OU
NTA
INS
HEXIE
MO
UN
TA
INS
LIT
TL
ES
AN
BE
RN
AR
DIN
OM
OU
NT
AIN
S
PIN
TO
BA
SIN
COXCOMBMOUNTAIN
S
CH
UC
KW
AL
LA
VA
LL
EY
CH
UC
KW
AL
LA
MO
UN
TA
INS
CH
OC
OL
AT
E
MO
UN
TA
INS
OR
OC
OP
IAM
OU
NT
AIN
S
MO
JA
VE
DE
SE
RT
Da
le
L
ak
e
Sa
lto
n Se
a
Ha
yfie
ld
La
ke
Pa
le
nL
ak
e
Red
But
teW
ash
Fo
rd
D
ry
La
ke
Yu
cc
aV
alle
y
Jo
sh
ua
Tr
ee
Tw
en
ty
nin
eP
alm
s
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ro
ng
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y Pa
lm
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dio
Me
cc
a
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ia
co
Su
mm
it
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se
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nte
r
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Pass
1
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15
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' 1
16
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15
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'
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3
3˚3
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0
5
10
km
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10
mi
62
62
COAC
HE
LL
AVA
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EY
10 In
dex
Map
Munsen Canyon
Pink
ham
Big
Was
h
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ain
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efm
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ount
ain
min
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Placer
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Pint
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Pin
to
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tain
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ad
ran
gle
Qvy
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yp
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28
Dis
cont
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us Q
vyye
ven
eer
on m
appe
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it
Dis
cont
inuo
us Q
vyye
and
Qoc
u ve
neer
s on
map
ped
unit
Dis
cont
inuo
us Q
ocu
vene
er o
n m
appe
d un
it
SUR
FIC
IAL
VE
NE
ER
S
Con
tinuo
us Q
yam
s ve
neer
on
unde
rlyi
ng Q
yaos
uni
t
1 U.S
. Geo
logi
cal S
urve
y90
4 W
. Riv
ersi
de A
venu
e, R
oom
202
Spok
ane,
WA
992
01
Ver
sion
1.0
by R
ober
t E
. Pow
ell1
Dig
ital
pre
para
tion
by
Pam
ela
M. C
osse
tte1
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