support learning and development physical development

Support learning and development

Physical development

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Middle childhood and adolescence are

times of complex physical changes and

the refining of existing skills.

© 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

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• Physical development follows a predictable sequence.

• Individual children develop at different rates.

• Brain development has a significant impact on motor development.

© 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

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Factors that may impact on physical development include:

Maturation (readiness)

Heredity

Environmental influences

© 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

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Physical growth relates to the growth of

bones, muscles, tendons, nerves and

organs (sensory, speech, skin, brain and

heart).

© 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

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Motor development includes both

quantitative physiological change

and qualitative change

Cephalocaudal development

Proximodistal development

© 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

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Motor development includes:

gross motor development

fine motor development

perceptual motor development

© 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

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Two important perceptual processes depend on vision and hearing:

visual perception – the ability to make sense and meaning out of what you see

auditory perception – the ability to make sense and meaning out of what you hear

© 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

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Visual perception skills:visual discrimination

figure ground

spatial relationships

visual memory

visual closure© 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

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Auditory perception skills:

•auditory awareness

•auditory decoding

•auditory discrimination

•auditory memory

•auditory sequencing© 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

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Dominance and Hand Preference

Establishing dominance assists children to

accomplish many tasks including writing and

reading.

Children who have not developed a hand

preference will have difficulty with tasks that

require the co-ordination of two hands.© 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

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Risk-taking and injuryThe shift towards the importance of the peer group as a key socialising influence means that adolescence is also a time for risk-taking behaviour, which escalates toward the senior high school years. Because of this, young people are at risk of accidents and injuries.

© 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

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Childhood obesity

Children who are obese are also likely to

have social problems, poor self-esteem

and low self-confidence.

© 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757