supercourse وزارة الصحة. eprosy is a chronic granulomatous diseases caused by...

Su

perco

urse

الصحة وزارة

eprosy is a chronic granulomatous diseases caused by Mycobacterium Leprae.It is regarded as public health problem because of its capacity to cause permanent disabilities with their social consequences of discrimination and stigma

It is of 3main types ; Tuberculosis, Borderline and the Lepromatous.However, there is a neural type

which affect the nerves only.

It is also known as Hansen disease after the scientist who discoverer the M Leprae

It is similar to M tuberculosis but resistant to culture. It is an obligate intracellular microbe that multiplies slowly. It has a predilection for cooler areas of human body (skin, peripheral nerves, nose, anterior chamber of the eyes). It has 3 main targets: peripheral neural tissues (Schwann cells), small vessels, and monocytes.The skin and nerves are the most commonly affected organs.

Armadillo

Some types of monkeys

Rabbits and Mices (foot pads)

It is known in Germany as ,Aussatz and as Prokaza in Russia and as Lepre in French and as Lepra in Spanish and as Mafung Chinese and as Raibyo in Japanese and as Kushtha In Hindi and in most Sengalese languages , it is known as ‘’The great disease’’

Mainly respiratory route .

Others (broken skin lesion,Pregnancy, insect or contact with animals that harbor the organism)

Hypopigmented patches

Nodules on the ears

Nerve enlargment

Neurological deficits

Lepromin test : Intradermal injection of M Leprae.It is a tuberculin type of reaction .

Clinical features.

Smear or biopsy from the skin lesion stained with Fite stain .

Approximately 83% of the leprosy cases live in 6 countries: Nepal, Madagascar, Manamar, Indonesia, and especially,India and Brazil.

It is known to exist in the Saudi Arabia for long time. But, it is not a public health problem.Ministry of Health has established the Ibn Sina Hospital in 1963 , a specialized hospital for leprosy, in Hada area, around 35 KM from Jeddah.

The prevalence of the disease decrease from 3.27 for each 100,000 in population in 1984 to 0.14 for each 100,000 in 2004.Most of the cases are from expatriates coming from endemic areas.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

Year

Nu

mb

er o

f C

ases

Registered leprosy cases in Saudi Arabia from 1978-2005

Total =2542

Riyadh

Northern boundaries

AljoofاTabouk

Madinah

Makkah

Albaha

Assir

Gazan

Eastern provinceNajran

Most affected region

Distribution of registered leprosy cases in Saudi Arabia

from 1995-2005 according to the nationality

Nu

mb

er o

f ca

ses

Distribution of registered leprosy cases in Saudi Arabia

from 1995-2005 according to the sex

Nu

mb

er o

f ca

ses

Distribution of registered leprosy cases in Saudi Arabia

from 1995-2005 according to the region

Nu

mb

er o

f ca

ses

Distribution of registered leprosy cases in Saudi Arabia

from 1995-2005 according to the age

Nu

mb

er o

f ca

ses

5923

28

75

116

33

227

182

55

314

13

22

31

70

29 9

Riyadh Qassim Hail Eastern AlhassaQonfethah Taif Madina Albaha MakkahJeddah Aljof Algoreat Northen Al HaferTabouk Assir Gazan Najran Bishah

Distribution of registered leprosy cases in Saudi Arabia

from 1995-2005 according to the city

0110

462

210

<1 ابريل-01 مايو-14 15-44 >45 شريحة 6

Distribution of registered leprosy cases

in Saudi Arabia from 1995-2005 according to the age