stressorsmediators outcome pearlin - stress process
Post on 19-Dec-2015
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STRESSORS MEDIATORS OUTCOME
PEARLIN - STRESS PROCESS
DIFFERENCES WITH SRRS
STRESS PROCESS
• 1. MUST LOOK AT CONTEXT AND MEANING
DIMENSIONS OF STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS
• DESIRED VS. NOT DESIRED
• UNEXPECTED VS. EXPECTED
• POSITIVE VS. NEGATIVE PREEXISTING CONTEXT OF EVENT
• NEGATIVE POST-EVENT CONTEXT– SECONDARY STRESSORS
STRESS PROCESS (CONT.)
• 2. EVENTS NOT ISOLATED BUT EMBEDDED IN SOCIAL POSITIONS – GENDER, SOCIAL CLASS, ETHNIC
• 3. EVENTS NOT ISOLATED BUT INTERCONNECTED - STESS PROLIFERATION - PRIMARY AND SECONDARY STRESSORS
• 4. EMPHASIZES SOCIAL ROLES - OVERLOAD, CONFLICT, CAPTIVITY
NEW CATEGORIES OF STRESSORS (WHEATON)
• 1. CHRONIC STRESSORS
• 2. LIFETIME TRAUMAS
• 3. DAILY HASSLES
• 4. DISASTERS
DISASTERS
• 9/11 – 30% MDD or PTSD over next month
• Almost all had some symptoms
• Transient – few had disorder after 6 months
• Cambodian refugees – 50% had MDD after 20 years
• Social cause of chronic disorder
MEDIATORS
• WHY SOME PEOPLE WITH MANY STRESSORS HAVE LOW DISTRESS
• WHY SOME PEOPLE WITH FEW STRESSORS HAVE HIGH DISTRESS
MEDIATORS (TURNER)
• SOCIAL RESOURCES
• 1. SUPPORT - BEING CARED FOR, BELONGING, WANTED
• ONE INTIMATE
• STRONG FAMILY TIES, RELIGION
• 2. MATERIAL SUPPORT
SOCIAL COMPARISON
• STRESSFULNESS DEPENDS ON REFERENCE GROUP
• INCOME
• PARAPLEGICS
• DOWNWARD COMPARISONS BETTER THAN UPWARD COMPARISONS
CONTROL
• ACTIVE COPING BETTER THAN PASSIVE COPING (MASTERY VS. FATALISM)
OUTCOMES
• STANDARDIZED SCALES LIKE CES-D
• CONTINUOUS – FROM MILD TO SEVERE
• INDICATOR OF DISTRESS
• GENERAL NOT DIAGNOSTIC
TREATMENT
• ONLY THEORY WITH NO DIRECT TREATMENT ASPECT
• CHANGE ENVIRONMENT
• MUCH DISTRESS TRANSIENT (9-11)
• IMPORTANCE OF INFORMAL SUPPORT
CRITICISMS OF SOCIAL
• IGNORES HOW MENTAL SYMPTOMS ARE DEEPLY ROOTED IN INDIVIDUALS NOT SITUATIONS
• NOT GOOD FOR EXPLAINING MOST SERIOUS TYPES OF MENTAL ILLNESS
• UNSPECIFIC TREATMENT COMPONENT
STRENGTHS
• BETTER AT EXPLAINING DISTRESS THAN PARTICULAR MENTAL ILLNESSES
• BETTER AT LOOKING AT GROUP, RATHER THAN AT INDIVIDUAL, DIFFERENCES
• EMPHASIS ON EXTERNAL AND CURRENT CAUSES OF DISTRESS
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