stealth aircrafts design aspects and considerations · stealth aircrafts design aspects and...
Post on 25-Apr-2018
282 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Artzi Dror
STEALTH AIRCRAFTS
DESIGN ASPECTS AND CONSIDERATIONS
Artzi Dror
These three factors can be combined to determine the completeradar cross section (�) for a target
Simplifying that expression yields the following relationship for radar cross section.
The importance of radar cross section can best be understood bylooking at an equation relating the RCS of the target to the energy received by the radar.
where S = signal energy received by the radar Pavg = average power transmitted by the radar G = gain of the radar antenna � = radar cross section of the target Ae = effective area of the radar antenna, or "aperture efficiency"tot = time the radar antenna is pointed at the target (time on target) R = range to the target
Third strongest radar return due to direct reflection of incident wave; decreases rapidly as incidence angle changes from perpendicular
Flat plate
Second strongest radar return due to double reflection of incident wave; decreases from maximum slowly with changing q and rapidly with changing f
Right dihedral corner
reflector
Strongest radar return due to triple reflection of incident wave
Square trihedral corner reflector
Comments Maximum RCS Description Geometry
Perpendicular incidence wave creates a strong but
narrow RCS peakwhere q = aspect
qint = interior dihedral
angle between two faces
Straight edge
Produces the same isotropic return in all directions
Sphere
Strong radar return as aspect (q) changes, but decreases rapidly as azimuth (f) changes
Right circular
cylinder
Comments Maximum RCS Description Geometry
Artzi Dror
B2 GEOMETRY
Artzi Dror
100 m²
15 m²
7 m²
6 m²
4 m²
3 m²
2 m²
0.75 m²
0.1 m²
0.025 m²
Artzi Dror
DETECTION RANGE
Artzi Dror
NON-STEALTHY AIRCRAFT PENETRATION
Artzi Dror
STEALTHY AIRCRAFT PENETRATION
Artzi Dror
Air to Air
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
T-33 medianized radar cross section
T-33 jet trainer
Artzi Dror
B-52
B-1
B-2
Artzi Dror
SR-71
Artzi DrorF-117
The Lockheed Martin F-117 stealth fighteris almost entirely covered in Radar-Absorbent Material
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
Lockheed version of the Have Blue Demonstratorwhich led to the F-117
Artzi Dror
MetallizedCanopy
CantedVerticals
SlopedFuselage
Sides
Top-MountedInlet
ShieldedNozzles
No ExternalWeapons
No CornerReflectors
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
F-117 BOMB BAY
Artzi Dror
Why Zig-Zag
Artzi Dror
Gold plated “Zig-Zag” Canopy
Special RudderHinge Line
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
Special Design Pitot Tubes
Artzi Dror
X-32 BOEINGRCS MODEL
47 ft LONG 36 ft WING-SPAN
RCS Measurements in Special Range
Artzi Dror
The USAF's Lockheed Martin F-117A fighters are to undergo a return-to-works programme to receive a new,
stealthier skin coating and improved cockpit instrumentation.
Play
Artzi Dror
B-2
Artzi Dror
Northrop YB-49 Flying Wing
1929 Twin Boom Wing---N1M---N9M---XP56---MX324---XP79---JB10---XB35---1947 YB49
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
B-2 BOMB DROP
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
PROTECTED HANGER FOR B-2 ENVIORONMENTAL CONTROL
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
��������������� ����������������� ����������
�� ���� ��������� ��� ����� � ���������������������
������ �������������� �����������������
����� �������� ����������� �������� ����������� �����
Radar-Absorbent Material
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
Looking from the B-2 Cockpit
Artzi Dror
PLAY
Artzi Dror
YF-22YF-23
Artzi Dror
YF-22
Artzi Dror
YF-22
Artzi Dror
F-22
Artzi DrorF-22
most of the F-22's surface is covered with a conductive metallic coating which prevents radar energyfrom penetrating the composite skin. The F-22 uses RAM around the edges of doors and control surfaces, and radar-absorbent structure (RAS) on the body, wing and tail edges.
Artzi Dror
The entire airframe of the F-22 is painted witha Boeing-developed camouflage topcoat
which suppresses the aircraft’s IR signature
Testbed Raptor 04 made its first flight with a patchwork of gray-painted RAS(Radar Absorbent Structure) edges,yellow-primered skin,metallic coating and sprayed-on RAM(Radar Absorbent Material)
Artzi Dror��������������� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��������������������������������������������������������������������
Artzi Dror
���������������� ��������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������!�������������������"#"���������������������������������������������!����������������������������������������������������������
����������������“$���$��%
Artzi DrorF-22
Assembly Line
Serrated Skin Jointsand Access Panels
Artzi Dror
&��������''���
�������������������(��������������������������������
����������������������������������������������������������
Artzi Dror
)��������������������
Artzi Dror
F-22Skin and Access Panels Assembly
Artzi DrorF-22
“Frequent-Access” Panels open and closed without compromising the LO (Low-Observable) “Bubble”
The F-22 has almost 300 specially designed access points. Many service points are located inside the weapon bays, landing gear doors and other openings.
Artzi Dror
F-22Measurement of Steps and Gaps in Skin Panel's Joint Lines
by Optical Probes
Artzi Dror
F-22Gun Door Test
M 61A2 Six Barreled20 mm Gatling Gun
Artzi Dror
F-22Weapons Bay Doors
Artzi DrorF-22
AIM-9M Missile Launched
Artzi Dror
F-22 CUTAWAY
Artzi Dror
*����������
play Play 2
Multilayer, Multispectral Camouflage System
Artzi Dror
Boeing X-32 JSF (Joint Strike Fighter)Technology Demonstrator
WEAPONS BAYS
Artzi Dror
X-32 JSF
Artzi Dror
X-32A PROTOTYPE
Artzi Dror
X-32
Artzi Dror
X-32 TIP to TIP WING STRUCTURE
Artzi Dror
X-32 Cool Exhaust Duct for very low IR Signature
Artzi Dror
X-32B STOVL
Artzi Dror
X-32B PROPULSION SYSTEMP&W JSF119-SE614S
Artzi Dror
X-32 BOEING RCS MODEL
The manufacturers andthe US government have continuouslyupdated their RCS test facilities. They can now measure signaturesas low as -70dB/m2
- one ten-millionth of a square meter,or the size of a grain of dust
Artzi Dror
Lockheed Martin X-35A JSF
Artzi Dror
X-35A PROTOTYPE
Artzi Dror
X-35
Artzi Dror
X-35B STOVL ASSEMBLY atLockheed Martin Skunk Works
Artzi Dror
F-35 Weapon Bays Fitted for 900 Kg JDAM and single AIM-120 AMRAAM
!
Artzi Dror
X-35C US NAVY VERSION
Artzi Dror
X-35B (STOVL) IN VERTICAL TAKE-OFF WITH FAN DOORS OPEN
Artzi Dror
X-35B (STOVL) IN TRANSITION MODE WITH FAN DOORS OPEN
Artzi Dror
Simplified cutaway of the F-35B propulsion system
LIFTING FAN VECTORED ENGINE THRUST
ROLL NOZZLES
Artzi Dror
Lockheed Martin JSF RCS MODELTESTED at RCS RANGE
Artzi Dror
RCS Measurement System
in Manching Germany
Handle objects up to 45 tones
Artzi Dror
SU-27
Artzi Dror
US Navy McDonnell Douglas/General Dynamics A-12
Cancelled in January 1991was ahead of its time in its approach to stealth
Artzi Dror
RAH-66 “COMANCHE”
��������+ ����������������������������������������,�����������--.
�����������������������
��������/����������������������������
���������������������
�������/������������
������������������������
����������������������������
������������
�����������������������������������
Artzi Dror
Boeing X-45A UCAV Demonstrator
The two X-45A prototypes are 45% composite production vehicles will be 90% composite.
Artzi Dror
Northrop-Grumman Pegasus UCAV Demonstrator
Northrop Grumman's Pegasus test vehicle has one of the stealthiest inlets ever designed.
Artzi Dror
The Lampyridae Stealth InterceptorTop Secret Development by MBB Since 1981
Artzi Dror
In its search to replace its Tornado GR.4, the UK isexploring manned and unmanned aircraft.
Artzi Dror
Bae - Stealth Platform
Artzi Dror
This stealthy derivative of the Apache/Scalp EG was studied in the mid-1990s.
It uses a combination of shaping and radar-absorbent material to minimise its radar cross-section.
MBDA-France Air to Surface Cruise Missile
Artzi Dror
Dassault AviationA’ronef Validation Experimentale (AVE) UAV
made its first flight in July 2000
Artzi Dror
Preliminary Configuration of Luftwaffe(EADS) Reconnaissance UAV
Artzi Dror
Northrop Grumman Pegasus Naval UCAV
Artzi Dror
Pegasus Naval UCAVIncluding 2 Weapon bays
Artzi Dror
Boeing is developing DE (directed-energy) concepts for the X-45 UCAV
Artzi Dror
With stabilizers smoothly blended into the wingand an inlet entirely masked from the front,
the Bird Of Prey is clearly aimed at very low RCS levels.
Boeing's Bird of Prey named after a Klingon spacecraft from Star Trek
Artzi Dror
SHADOW
Artzi Dror
What Next ?
• The new aircraft are almost certain to be tailless. All surfaces will be canted very steeply away from the horizontal,particularly at the vehicle edges:such future vehicles are likely to resemble the Northrop Grumman Pegasus demonstratoror the Lockheed Martin-Boeing RQ-3 DarkStar reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).
• external moving components will be eliminated:General Electric (GE), for instance,has designed and tested 'fluidic' jet nozzles in whichinternal airflows are modulated to change the effective areaand vector angle of the exhaust, while the nozzle remains mechanically fixed.
• integrating a number of new technologies.
Artzi Dror
•IR and visual signatures may become dominant. Under a USAF program, Northrop Grumman and GE have investigatedan active cooling system that would deliver air at 0 to 37.5÷C to the engine nozzles. This would require very heat-tolerant fuel, but could virtually eliminate the heat signature from the engine nozzle.•Adaptive terrain match skin
•Higher and Faster
• ???? !!!!!!!!!!
• Use of flexible elastomer skins for weapon bay doors, control surfaces and variable inlets.
•Highly integrated avionics systems will be used to reducethe number of apertures in the aircraft surface
•Discrete moving parts and doors may be replaced by flexible surfaces
Artzi Dror
The Ultimate Stealthy Aircraft
����������������� ��������
���������� ������������
The Dawn of The Era of Powered FlightWright Brothers Flyer – December 17 1903 At 10:35
In Kitty-Hawk
��������������������
� ���������
������������������������
����������������������
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
Lockheed's conceptual design looks to fill the needfor a medium-lift multirole transport suited to the needs of both
conventional and special forces
The MACK
Artzi Dror
0�10����
��2�2" �������"�
"����"
31��"0����4����"
�������������������������������������"0������"�
5������6������
(������� ��������
7������
*�����������8�+������
Artzi Dror
Lockheed's proposal for a long-range strike aircraftfeatures a highly swept delta and operating speeds of up to M4.0
Artzi Dror
Artist Impression of New Generation Multi-Mission Transport Aircraft for 2015
Back
Artzi Dror
Northrop Grumman Pegasus Naval UCAV Demonstrator
Northrop Grumman's kite-like design is very close to an ideal stealth shape.
Back
Artzi DrorLockheed's DarkStar
Despite the official termination of the programme, Lockheed's DarkStar long-endurance, high altitude UAV may have become a 'black' project. The surviving airframe was not scrapped, unconfirmed reportspersist about the testing of a larger, developed model.Further unconfirmed reports claim that a secret Lockheed UAV was used during Operation 'Iraqi Freedom' last year
Back
Artzi Dror
Boeing has patented a design for a gapless control surfacewith flexible hinge and end covers,
Gaps can create radar hot-spots for a stealthy aircraft.
Back
Artzi Dror
Artzi DrorX-35B PROPULSION SYSTEM
P&W JSF119-SE611S
Artzi Dror
F-35C CUTAWAY
LIFTING FANVECTORED ENGINE THRUST
Artzi Dror
������������ ������9�������������������������������������������������������������������������������
�������������������
3������������������������������������������������������������������������
�������:"��������� ������“; �������������
back
Artzi Dror
X -43
Artzi Dror
PLAY
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
Artzi Dror
BACK
Artzi Dror
BACK
Artzi Dror
top related