station 3 ?? air meters combustion analyzer carbon monoxide carbon dioxide particles air flow vane...
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Station 3 ?? Air MetersCombustion AnalyzerCarbon MonoxideCarbon Dioxide Particles Air Flow
Vane AnemometerExhaust Flow Box
PressuresCAZ Test
Check outside air CO
(set to “zero” outside)
any CO found inside is being produced inside, or being re-entrained from flue, etc.
• # sq inches for cfm into rooms• Icf performance• Pv costs kWh now• ICBO 50 cfm crawls
Forced Air Systems(with insufficient “return”)
Door closure causes Room A to be pressurized
Zone B with return grill and combustion appliances is now under negative pressure and spillage or backdrafting can occur
A
BCan cause back-drafting of combustion devices
As CO2 builds up,so does “everything else”…
As CO2 builds up,so does “everything else”…
IAQ Pro-Tip
“Everything else” is too difficult to measure
and interpret
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• Generally not a health hazard in buildings by itself.
•Outside CO2 levels usually in the 380 ppm range . . . and rising !
•Industrial Standard = 5,000 ppm
96
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)• Used to estimate air exchange rates
• Concentrations above 800 to 1,000 ppm indicate:
■ Crowded spaces ■ Low ventilation rates
• Based on:
– 380 ppm CO2 outside air
– sedentary adult population– steady state indoor air concentration 97
Cubic Feet Per Minute (CFM)
~ 15 cubic feet fresh air per minute for each person
for classrooms (cfm/p)
CO2 Estimate of Ventilation
• Over-• Ventilated• Ideal• Under-
Ventilated
400 600 800 1,000 1,500 2,000+
Carbon Dioxide parts-per million (ppm)
(energy issue)
(multiple issues !! )
Outside Air
----- 5 cfm/p
----- 10 cfm/p
----- 15 cfm/p
----- 20 cfm/p
----- 25 cfm/p
Unacceptable
Poor
ASHRAE Standard 62
Outdoor
Carbon Dioxide (ppm)2,400
1,400
1,000
800
600
380 (and above)
Carbon Dioxide vs. Ventilation Rate
99
CO2 Concentration (ppm)
OU
TS
IDE
AIR
(C
FM /
PER
SON
)
30 -
25 -
20 -
15 -
10 -
5 -
0 -0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 | | | | | |
100
CO2 Concentration (ppm)
OU
TS
IDE
AIR
(C
FM /
PER
SON
)
30 -
25 -
20 -
15 -
10 -
5 -
0 -0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 | | | | | |
100
M. Lipsett, California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
10.0 micrometers
2.5 micrometers~ 70 micrometers
Average Human Hair 70 micrometers
• MERV PARTICLE TYPICAL CONTROLLED SIZE (m*) CONTAMINANT
• 1 – 4 >10.0 Pollen, sanding dust, textile and carpet fibers
• 5 – 8 3.0 – 10.0 Mold, spores, hair spray, cement dust
• 9 – 12 1.0 – 3.0 Legionella, lead dust, welding fumes
• 13 – 16 0.3 – 1.0 Bacteria, most tobacco smoke, insecticide dust, copier toner
• 17 - 20 0.3 Virus, combustion smoke, radon progeny
• *micron meter
107
30 BuildingsMinimum 8 classrooms
Highest and lowest values deleted
112,000
27,170
17,937
11,427
130
Highest Measurement in 30 schools
Average of each highest in 30 schools
Average of 30 averages
Average of each lowest in 30 schools
Lowest measurement in 30 schools
0.3 Micrometer
30 BuildingsMinimum 8 classrooms
Highest and lowest values deleted
40,200
8,156
4,447
2,533
314
Highest Measurement in 30 schools
Average of each highest in 30 schools
Average of 30 averages
Average of each lowest in 30 schools
Lowest measurement in 30 schools
0.5 Micrometer
30 BuildingsMinimum 8 classrooms
Highest and lowest values deleted
17,000
3,739
1,641
677
40
Highest Measurement in 30 schools
Average of each highest in 30 schools
Average of 30 averages
Average of each lowest in 30 schools
Lowest measurement in 30 schools
1.0 Micrometer
30 BuildingsMinimum 8 classrooms
Highest and lowest values deleted
15,500
2,447
1,285
402
10
Highest Measurement in 30 schools
Average of each highest in 30 schools
Average of 30 averages
Average of each lowest in 30 schools
Lowest measurement in 30 schools
2.0 Micrometer
30 BuildingsMinimum 8 classrooms
Highest and lowest values deleted
2,100
315
156
63
0
Highest Measurement in 30 schools
Average of each highest in 30 schools
Average of 30 averages
Average of each lowest in 30 schools
Lowest measurement in 30 schools
5.0 Micrometer
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