standard precautions for infection control measures by ahmed elashry
Post on 12-Nov-2014
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PRECAUTIONS FOR INFECTION CONTROL MEASURES
Done by members of group 18
Topics Chain of infection Standard precautions
Hand hygiene infectious waste management sharps safety devices PPE respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
Chain of Infection Agent
↓Reservoir
↓Portal of exit
↓Mode of transmission
↓Portal of entry
↓Susceptible host
Chain of Infection
+
Quantity ofpathogen
Virulence Route of transmission
Sensitivehost
Port
infection control precautions Standard precautions
Basic precautions used to reduce transmission of all infectious agents from one person to another
Should be applied for ALL patients Transmission-based precautions
Contact Droplet Airborne
Standard precautions
Method of infection control that uses 1) work practices, 2) engineering controls, and 3) personal protective equipment (PPE)
to reduce or eliminate exposure to infectious agents.
Standard precautions
1) Work practices• hand hygiene• no eating, drinking in areas with risk of
transmission• no re-capping of used needles
2) Engineering controls• safety devices on sharp medical devices• sharps containers• hand washing facilities
Standard precautions
3) PPE• used as last resort when exposure has not
been eliminated by work practices and engineering controls
• provides protection to skin, clothing, nose, mouth, eyes
• examples: gowns, gloves, goggles, masks
Standard precautions
considers all person potentially infectious applies to all individuals, regardless of
presence/type of symptoms used against exposure to blood, all body
fluids, secretions, excretions (except sweat), mucous membranes, non-intact skin
Standard precautions
hand hygiene infectious waste management sharps safety devices PPE respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
HAND HYGIENE
Hand hygiene Types:-
sinks, soap, paper towels available in convenient locations
alcohol gel in convenient locations for staff
Hand hygiene Wash hands:
before and after client contact after removing gloves and other PPE after contact with contaminated surfaces and
items, specimens, even when gloves are worn before eating or drinking after using restroom after coughing, sneezing, blowing nose
PROCEDURE OF HAND WASHING
By water and soap
INFECTIOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Infectious waste management
sharps containers puncture resistant leak-proof, closable labeled with biohazard symbol or red do not overfill
Infectious waste management
biohazard bags for disposal of items with blood, body fluids
that are pourable dripable squeezable flakable
SHARPS SAFETY DEVICES
Sharps safety devices
Needle stick Safety and Prevention ActAvoid the use
of needles where safe alternatives are available
Never shear, break, bend, or recap a needle
Sharps safety devices
Needle stick Safety and Prevention ActDispose
needle and sharps in proper container
Never reach into or overfill a sharp container
Sharps safety devices
Needle stick Safety and Prevention ActDirect the
sharp end away from yourself and others
Use safety needles
Sharps safety devices Self-Sheathing
Safety Feature: Sliding needle shields attached to disposable syringes and vacuum tube holders
Sharps safety devices
Add-on Safety Features:Hinged or sliding shields attached to phlebotomy needles, winged steel needles and blood gas needles
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
definition
Specialized clothing or equipment worn by employees for protection against health and safety hazards.
Personal protective equipment is designed to protect many parts of the body, i.e., eyes, head, face, hands, feet, and ears
Personal protective equipment
typesglovesgownsapronsgoggles, face
shieldssurgical/procedure
masksrespirators
Types of PPE Gloves
Different kinds of gloves Housekeeper gloves Clean gloves Sterile glove
Work from clean to dirty
Avoid “touch contamination” Eyes, mouth, nose, surfaces
Change gloves between patients
Types of PPE Gowns
Fully cover torso
Have long sleeves
Fit snuggly at the wrist
Types of PPE Surgical masks
Cotton, paper Protect against body fluids and
large particles
Particulate respirators (N95) Fit testing essential Protect against small droplets and
other airborne particles
Alternative materials (barrier) Tissues, cloth
Masks and Respirators: Barriers and Filtration
Types of PPEParticulate Respirators Three types: disposable, reusable,
powered air purifying respirators
Disposable Particulate Respirators Classified N95, N99, N100, R95, R99, R100,
P95, P99, P100 Letter indicates oil resistance: N = not
resistant, R = somewhat resistant, P = strongly resistant
Number is percent of airborne particles filtered (e.g. N95 filters 95% of particles)
Types of PPE Boots (non-hospital
settings)Eye Protection
– Face shields– Goggles
Working with Limited Resources
Avoid reuse of disposable PPE items Consider reuse of some disposable items only
as an urgent, temporary solution Reuse only if no obvious soiling or damage
When prioritizing PPE purchase Masks Gloves Eye protection
Standard precautions
Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette cover mouth and nose with tissue when
coughing, sneezing immediately toss tissue wash hands with soap and water or use
alcohol gel have client wear mask if possible barriers for front line staff
Standard precautions
Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette supplies
tissue alcohol gel waste baskets
education posters signs
THANK YOU
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