sources of energy (best presentation ever)

Sources Of EnergyPhysics Assignment

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Nuclear energy

• Hydro Electricity• Tidal Energy• Solar Energy• Wind Energy• Biomass• Geothermal Energy• Nuclear energy

Types of energywind Wood Sun

Coal Geothermal

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PowerPlugs: Templates

• Highest Quality• Greatest Quantity• Largest Variety• Consistent Professionalism• Visually Appealing

HydroElectricity

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Gates on the dam open and gravity pulls the water through the penstock, a pipeline that leads to the turbine. Water builds up pressure as it flows through this pipe.

The water strikes and turns the large blades of a turbine, which is attached to a generator above it by way of a shaft.

The most common type of turbine for hydropower plants is the Francis Turbine, which looks like a big disc with curved blades

Introduction

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Diagramatic Representation Of

GENERATOR

(HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT )

TURBIN

ES

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Merits and demerits of hydroelectricity

MeritsThey are environment friendly.The use a renewable source of energy i.e. water.

DemeritsEcosystem damage and loss of land.Methane emissions from rotten submerged

vegetation.Relocation of people from the are where the

reservoirs are planned.Cost of setting the plant is high

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Tidal Energy

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What is Tidal Energy?Tidal Energy is a form of hydropower that

creates forms of energy by converting the energy of the incoming and outgoing tides.

Tidal energy is a reliable source of power because of its predictability, tide cycles are always known as opposed to the inconsistent power of the wind and sun.

The stronger the tide, either in water level height or current strength, the greater the potential for power generation.

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Tidal energy

(Tide –Movement of water level along shore.)

High TideGenerator

Reservoir

SeaDam

Low Tide

Sea

Dam

Generator

Reservoir

Wind Energy

INTRODUCTION• Wind energy is used in wind mills which converts

the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical or electrical energy. The kinetic energy of wind can be used to do mechanical work like lifting water from wells or grinding graiturbines of generators to produce electricity.

• A single wind mill produces only a small amount of electricity. So a large number of wind mills in a large area are coupled together to produce more electricity in wind energy farmsns in flour mills.

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HOW WIND MILL WORKS ?

Electricity

Flowing

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MERITS AND DEMERITS• Advantages :-• i) It is a renewable source of energy.• ii) It does not cause pollution.• iii) The recurring cost is less. Disadvantages :-• i) Wind is not available at all times.• ii) It requires a large area of land.• iii) A minimum wind speed of 15 km/h is

required.

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SOLAR ENERGY

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INTRODUCTION• Originates with the thermonuclear fusion reactions

occurring in the sun.• Represents the entire electromagnetic radiation

(visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, and radio waves).

Production of solar energy :

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATIONS

+ ENERGY (heat+light)

[Energy received /sec = 1.8 x 10¹¹ Mw.]mass difference - Energy

H

H

H

H

B Y A M A N S R O C K . B L O G S P O T . I N

30º 30º

MIRROR

INSULATED BOX

TRANSPARENTGLASS COVER

COOKING POTS

SOLAR COOKER

4 cm4 cm

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The box - insulating materials. (plastic / fiberglass / wood)The inner surface – BLACK. The walls – Thick. •Avoids dust particles to enter in the box.The plane mirror - maximum heat radiations are reflected in the

box.The outer surface of cooking pots – BLACK.The temperature - 100°C -140°C. {2 hours} The food cooked which requires slow heating. Viz. Dal , Rice, Pulses,

Vegitables.etc.

Solar cooker:

Insulated box

Mirror

(98% incident heat radiations)(To prevent loss of heat)

Transparent Cover

The glass cover . • Retains heat inside the box.

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SOLAR WATER HEATER

Flat plate collector. Insulated storage tank. Copper pipes – coils – outer surface - black. Coils – bending provides more area for absorption of heat. All connecting pipes – copper(good conductor of heat).

CONSTRUCTION :

WORKING :

Cold water from tank – Insulated storage tank with pressure. From insulated storage tank – Flat plate collector. Solar radiations , water – Hot – Lighter - goes up - Enters into tank. Hot water being lighter remains at the top. Hot water from tank, through copper pipes - connected to hot water tap.

Flat platecollector

Main coldWater line

Cold water tank

InsulatedStorage tank

Solar radiations

Hot water to tap

B Y A M A N S R O C K . B L O G S P O T . I N

Flat platecollector

Main coldWater line

Cold water tank

InsulatedStorage tank

Solar radiations

Hot water to tap

SOLAR WATER HEATER

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Advantages and Disadvantages• Advantages

• All chemical and radioactive polluting byproducts of the thermonuclear reactions remain behind on the sun, while only pure radiant energy reaches the Earth.

• Energy reaching the earth is incredible. By one calculation, 30 days of sunshine striking the Earth have the energy equivalent of the total of all the planet’s fossil fuels, both used and unused!

• Disadvantages• Sun does not shine consistently.• Solar energy is a diffuse source. To harness it, we

must concentrate it into an amount and form that we can use, such as heat and electricity.

• Addressed by approaching the problem through: 1) collection, 2) conversion, 3) storage.

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Nuclear Energy

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Nuclear potential energy is the potential energy of the particles inside an atomic nucleus.

Nuclear energy is the energy released during a nuclear reaction.

The nuclear particles are bound together by the strong nuclear force. In fact the nucleus is the most densest and the hardest part on an atom which is a result of this strong nuclear force that binds the particles within.

NUCLEAR ENERGY

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TYPES OF NUCLEAR REACTIONS

• Fusion reactions — The process in which two nuclei of light elements (eg-hydrogen) combine to form a heavy nucleus (like that of helium) is called nuclear fusion.

• Fission reactions —A process in which the heavy nucleus of a radioactive atom( like- uranium, plutonium, or thorium) splits u into smaller nuclei when bombarded with low energy neutrons.

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B Y A M A N S R O C K . B L O G S P O T . I N

Nuclear fusion diagrammatic representation.

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ADVANTAGES

Nuclear power costs about the same as coal, so it's not expensive to make.

Does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.

Produces huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel.

Produces small amounts of waste.

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DISADVANTAGES High risks: It is technically impossible to build a plant with

100% security.

The energy source for nuclear energy is Uranium. Uranium

is a scarce resource, its supply is estimated to last only for

the next 30 to 60 years depending on the actual demand.

Nuclear power plants as well as nuclear waste could be preferred

targets for terrorist attacks..During the operation of nuclear power plants,

radioactive waste is produced, which in turn can be used for the production of nuclear weapons.

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Biomass

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• Biogas is a mixture of gases such as methane (75%), carbon dioxide, hydrogen, hydrogen sulphide etc. which is obtained by the decomposition of animal and plant wastes like animal dung, etc. with the help of micro-organisms in the presence of water.

• It is used as fuel in gas-stoves these days especially in rural areas.

BIOGAS

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BIOGASGaseous fuel - Microbial decomposition - Organic matter - In absence of oxygenMethane (CH4) ,Carbon dioxide (CO2) ,Hydrogen (H2) ,Hydrogen sulphide (H2S).

USES :Clean combustible fuel.Cooking , Space heating ,Lightning, etc..

BIOGAS PLANT :Dome

Digestor

SludgeSlurry

Valve

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80% methane, [excellent fuel , burns without smoke.]

BIOGAS PLANT :CONSTRUCTION :

Digestor , DomeTwo main parts -

Dome

Fixed type Floating type

DIGESTOR Well like structure containing Animal waste in the form of slurry

Below the ground level

TWO PIPES Feeding animal waste , SLURRY (Cow dung and water)

Taking out the used slurry “SLUDGE”.

VALVE Like a tap

WORKIING :

Slurry – slurry tank - DIGESTOR

Anaerobic microorganisms decomposes the slurry in presence of water. In few days BIOGAS is evolved.

(CO2), (H2), (H2S).

Biogas – DOME.through valve can be used Residue left behind–“SLUDGE”-sludge tank

SLUDGE – very good fertilizer

Rich in N2, P,K. –excellent fertilizers.

Dome

Digestor

SludgeSlurry

Valve

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Geothermal Energy

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Geothermal Power

This type of energy is obtained by

tapping the heat of the earth,

which is mostly in the form of hot

water and steam. Various

technologies are used to get to the

heat under earth’s surface at

different depths

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Space Heating

Air Conditioning

Hot Water Bath & Pools

Industrial ProcessesGreen Houses

Aquaculture

Melting Snow

USES OF GEOTHERMA

L ENERGY

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ADVANTAGESPollution free = No greenhouse effect

No fuel is needed

The power stations do not take up much room

Once a geothermal power station is built, energy is

almost free

Easy to operate; open up economy

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DISADVANTAGESNot enough places to built geothermal power station

Geothermal sites can also run out of steam for decades

It costs a lot of money to build a geothermal power station

Emitted noxious gases and minerals can be difficult to dispose safely

Pollutants cause global warming and acid rain and land stability is also affected

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WORKING

Geothermal Energy Power Plant

Binary Cycle Power Pant

Dry Stream Power Plant

Flash Stream Power Plant

When the water flows from the earth make its way down close to the hot rock (lava), it turns the water into steam. The hot water can reach to over 148ºC. This is how it works in a geothermal power plan. Steam rotates a turbine and it activates a generator and produce electricity.

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Dry Steam Power Plant

Binary Cycle Power Plant

Flash Steam Power Plant

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ENERGY CONSERVATION

• Energy Conservation refers to efforts made to reduce energy consumption.

• It can be achieved through increased efficient energy use.

• An energy conservation act was also passes in 2001.

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WAYS OF CONSERVING ENERGY

Install ceiling fans in

all possible location

s

Use toaster oven or microwave for all kinds of small meals

Buy energy

star applianc

es whereve

r possible

Defrost freezers

and fridge, and get

rid of the old ones

Switch your

energy use to non peak times

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