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Source: NIOSH, 2003. Guidance for Filtration and Air-Cleaning Systems to Protect Building Environments from Airborne
Chemical, Biological, or Radiological Attacks. DHHS (NIOSH) Pub No. 2003-136. National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health, Centers for Disease Control, Cincinnati, Ohio. April 2003. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-136/2003-
136c.html. Accessed February 21, 2006.
Figure by MIT OCW.
Adapted from Culp, G.L., and R.L. Culp. New Concepts in Water Purification. New
York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. 1974
GAC Tank
Source: Metcalf & Eddy Inc.
Wastewater Engineering: Treatment,
Disposal, Reuse. McGraw-Hill, New
York, 1979.
2to
3m
Neva clog
screen
4to
5m
Surface wash
Carbon bed surface
25 mm
sampling taps
Carbon discharge
Carbon chargeWash
water
Effluent
Influent
Backwash
Backwash
Bolt ring
Full open cover
with porthole
1 to 2 m
}
Figure by MIT OCW.
Granular activated carbon tanks at MMR
Source: MMR, undated. Extraction, treatment and reinjection. Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence, Installation
Restoration Program, Massachusetts Military Reservation. http://www.mmr.org/community/guide/extraction.htm. Accessed
March 7, 2004.
GAC Breakthrough
Cb
Volume of Water Treated, V
Typical Breakthrough Curve for Activated Carbon
Eff
luen
tS
olu
teC
on
cen
trati
on
Cl
Ci C2 Cb
Py
δ
Vb
Exhaustion
Vx
δδ < δ
Source: Metcalf & Eddy Inc.
Wastewater Engineering: Treatment,
Disposal, Reuse. McGraw-Hill, New
York, 1979.
Figure by MIT OCW.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
pH
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.40
FeOH2+
Fe(OH)2+
Fe(OH)3(s)
FeCO3(s)
Fe3+
Fe2+EH
, v
-7M
or 5.6 µ 42-, CO2 3
- oC, and Pressure of 1 atm.
Water Oxidized
Water Reduced
Forms of Iron in Water as Function of Redox Potential Versus pH Constructed with Total Iron Activity 10
g/L, 96 mg/L SO Species at 1000 mg/L HCO , Temperature at 25
Figure by MIT OCW.
Adapted from: MWH, J. C. Crittenden, R. R. Trussell, D. W. Hand, K. J. Howe, and G. Tchobanoglous.
Water Treatment: Principles and Design. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2005, p. 1571.
+1.2
+1.6
EH
, v
Water Reduced
Water Oxidized
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
-1.6
-1.2
-0.8
-0.4
+0.4
+0.8
0
Mn2+
MnO4-
MnO2(s)
Mn2O3(s)
Mn3O4(s)
[Mn]total = 10-6 MMn(OH)2(s)
Mn(s)
pH
25oC.
Forms of Manganese in Water as Function of Redox Potential Versus pH at a Water Temperature of
Figure by MIT OCW.
Adapted from: MWH, J. C. Crittenden, R. R. Trussell, D. W. Hand, K. J. Howe, and G. Tchobanoglous.
Water Treatment: Principles and Design. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2005, p. 1579.
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