soum sanogo department of entomology, plant pathology, and weed science, new mexico state university...

Soum SanogoDepartment of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Weed Science, New Mexico State University

Aerobiology of Southern New Mexico

Diverse sources: Agricultural and non-agricultural environments.

Winds: Major vehicle for transport from sources to other environments

Fungi (molds) in the Air

Outdoors and IndoorsWhile you are taking this quiz, you are probably inhaling fungal spores. Which of the following are least likely to be in the air now in the room? A. ConidiaB. SporangiosporesC. ZoosporesD. Asexual sporesE. All of the aboveF. None of the above Concern: load in the air

Fungi (molds) in the Air

1) High-volume dust collectors2) Exposure of petri plates containing growth

media outdoors3) Volumetric air samplers (single-stage and 6-

stage Andersen samplers)4) Rain water collection 5) Sticky tapes mounted on glass slides

Sampling Methods

Dry deposition (impaction) using volumetric sampler

Wet deposition with rain gauge

Courtesy DuBois Courtesy DuBois

Sampling Methods

Single-stage sampler

Sampling Methods

6-stage sampler

Single-stage sampler

Courtesy DuBois

Sampling Methods

Passive deposition

1) Processing of dust samples impacted upon solid agar media and rainwater samples

2) Identification of fungal microorganisms recovered from dust and rainwater samples

Sampling Methods

Standard Operating Protocol for Fungal Analysis

Sampling locations

Las Cruces

Palomas

Cd. Juarez, Mexico

New Mexico

Mexico

Ariz

on

a

1) Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs)

2) Non-CAFOs

Sampling locations

Aspergillus

Aspergillosis

Alternaria/ Penicillium/ Fusarium/ Cladosporium

Mold allergies

Trichoderma/ Rhizopus / Mucor

Mold allergies

Aureobasidium

Allergies/Asthma

Alte

rna

ria

Asp

erg

illu

s

Do

thid

eo

myc

ete

s

Pe

nic

illiu

m

Pe

yro

ne

llae

a 0

10

20

30

40

50

60Frequency of Airborne Fungi in The Vicinity of CAFOs

Fungi

Fre

qu

en

cy

(%

)

Alte

rna

ria

Asp

erg

igllu

s

Dre

sch

lera

Fu

sari

um

oth

ers

Tri

cho

de

rma0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100Frequency of Airborne Fungi in non-CAFOs areas

Fungi

Fre

qu

en

cy

(%

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

7-1-EW4 7-1-NS8-G1

Fungal genus/species

Fre

qu

en

cy

(%

)

Curvu

laria

Yeast

Tricho

derm

a

Altern

aria

Asper

gillus

Fusar

ium

Penici

llium

Clonos

tach

ys

Aureo

basid

ium0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200Min Max

Fungi

Co

lon

y-f

orm

ing

un

its

(C

FU

X1

00

)/m

l

Predominant Fungi in Rainwater

Fungi

Pollen

Other Biological Particulates in Air