solutions & mixtures
Post on 23-Feb-2016
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Solutions & Mixtures
MixtureSomething that consists of different parts.Example:
Trail Mix Chex Mix Kool-Aid Salt Water
Het
erog
eneo
us v
s.
Hom
ogen
eous
Mix
ture
s HETEROGENEOUS
The parts are not evenly mixed throughout.
You can see the differences between parts.
Examples: Chex Mix, Trail mix, Salad, etc.
HOMOGENEOUS
The parts are evenly mixed
You can’t see the difference between the parts of the mixture.
Examples: Kool-Aid, salt water, lemonade, etc.
SuspensionHave larger particlesAre heterogeneousThe majority of mixtures fall into this
category.
ColloidsMixture in between a suspension and a
solution.Parts are smaller. Almost appears cloudy.Usually homogenous.
Example: Homogenized milk is a mixture of cream and butterfat particles in skim milk.
SolutionAn example of a homogenous mixture.
Parts are evenly mixed.Consists of two parts:
Solute Solvent
Solv
ent
vs. S
olut
e SOLVENT
The substance that dissolves the solute.
Example: The water in salt water would be the solvent.
SOLUTE
The substance that is being dissolved by the solvent.
Example: The salt in salt water would be the solute.
DissolveWhen something seems to disappear into
another substance. Examples: Kool-aid into water, salt into water, etc.
Solu
ble
and
Solu
bilit
y SOLUBLE
The ability to be dissolved.
SOLUBILITY
The amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given solvent.
Usually expressed as a percent.
InsolubleNot able to dissolve in a solvent
Example: chalk is insoluble in water.
ConcentrationThe strength of a solution that is
determined by the amount of solute dissolved in the solvent.
Concentrated- Is a solution which is made by dissolving a large
amount of solute in a small amount of solvent.
SaturatedThe point at which a solution can not
dissolve any more solute.It contains all the solute that it can hold
under existing conditions. This is called the Saturation Point.
Can this be altered? Yes
Altering Saturation Point
Add more solvent.Change the temperature
Increasing temperature, increases the kinetic energy, which increases the amount of solute that can be dissolved.
Stir (increases kinetic energy)
Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Depression
Adding a substance to another substance can alter the boiling and freezing point of that substance.
Boiling Point Elevation The amount by which the boiling point of the
solvent is raised when the solvent is dissolved in it.Freezing Point Depression
The amount by which the freezing point of the solvent is lowered when the solvent is dissolved in it.
DesalinationThe process of removing excess salt or
minerals from a solution.Involves boiling the water and catching
the evaporated water using a special setup.
Why is this important? Purifies water so that it can be consumed.
ChromatographyProcess to separate a solution based on
the solute’s different properties. Example: You can use chromatography to separate
different liquid components in a solution.
Other Methods of Separation…
Distillation A solution is heated until it evaporates, leaving
behind dissolved materials. Evaporation is the process by which a liquid
gradually changes into a gasUsing a Filter
Separates different sized particles through a different filters.
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