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WINLAB
Software-Defined Radio Access
WINLAB Fall 2015 Research Review
Ivan Seskar, Associate DirectorWINLAB
Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyContact: seskar (at) winlab (dot) rutgers (dot) edu
5G Wireless: Technical Challenges
Faster Cellular
Radios Access
~1-10 Gbps
~1000x capacity
Low-Latency/
Low-Power
Access Network
For Real-Time IoT
New
Spectrum
&
Dynamic
Spectrum
Access
Next-Gen
Mobile
Network
Wideband PHY
Cloud RAN arch
Massive MIMO
mmWave (60 Ghz)
Multi-Radio access
HetNet (+WiFi, etc.)
…
Custom PHY for IoT
New MAC protocols
RAN redesign
Light-weight control
Control/data
separation
Network protocol
redesign
….
60 Ghz & other new
bands
New unlicensed/shared
spectrum
Dynamic spectrum
access
Spectrum sharing
techniques
Non-contiguous
spectrum
Network/DB coordination
methods
….
Mobile network redesign
Convergence with Internet
Clean-slate Mobile
Internet
Software Defined
Networks
Open wireless network
APIs
Cloud services &
computing
Edge cloud/fog computing
Virtualization, NFV
….
WINLAB
Related Collaboration Projects
FLEX (FIRE LTE testbeds for open EXperimentation)
WiSHFUL(Wireless Software and Hardware platforms for Flexible and Unified radio and network controL)
GENI(Global Environment for
Network Innovation)
CREW(Cognitive Radio
Experimentation World)
METIS-II (Mobile and wireless communications Enablers for the Twenty-twenty Information Society)
JUNO(Virtual Mobile Cloud Network for Realizing Scalable, Real-Time Cyber Physical Systems)
WINLAB
• Wireless Software and Hardware platforms for Flexible and Unified radio and network controL
• Call: H2020-ICT-2014-1• Topic: ICT-11-2014 (FIRE+)• Type of action: RIA• Budget: 5.171 M€• Duration: 36 M• Partners
WiSHF L
Courtesy: WiSHFUL Consortium
WINLAB
– many radio devices, each of them with specific HW and SW platform
– many implementations of protocol stacks
– non-unified, limited or no control of radio and network
Current Software Architecture
APP
NET
MAC
PHY
TRANSPORT
SDRCustom
Courtesy: WiSHFUL Consortium
WINLAB
WiSHFUL software architecture
Local Control
Program
Local Monitoring & Configuration
Engine
APP
NET
MAC
PHY
TRANSPORT
Global Control Program
Global Monitoring & Configuration Engine
UPIG
UPIN
UPIR
Local Control
Program
Local Monitoring & Configuration
Engine
APP
NET
MAC
PHY
TRANSPORT
UPIN
UPIR
Remote UPI usage
UPIHC UPIHC
Radio platforms
…SDR Custom
Device specific (HW & SW platform), implemented by WiSHFUL
Device independent (within device class), implemented by experimenter
Courtesy: WiSHFUL Consortium
WINLAB
FLEX: FIRE LTE testbeds for open experimentation
Open and highly configurable LTE platforms
Interaction of the user with the real 4G/5G world.
Commercial and Open Source equipment
Courtesy: FLEX Consortium
WINLAB
Open Air Interface (OAI)• OpenAirInterface.org today and Ecosystem
• Open-source for 5G
• Software Alliance– Membership
– License
– Strategic member areas
Hardware Platforms Software Platforms Radio in a PC
Courtesy: Navid Nikaein, Eurecom/Open Air Interface
WINLAB
OAI Software platform
– Commercial UE OAI eNB + Commercial EPC *– Commercial UE OAI eNB + OAI EPC *– Commercial UE Commercial eNB + OAI EPC *– OAI UE Commercial eNB + OAI EPC *– OAI UE Commercial eNB + Commercial EPC *– OAI UE OAI eNB + Commercial EPC– OAI UE OAI eNB + OAI EPC
Courtesy: Navid Nikaein, Eurecom/Open Air Interface
WINLAB
OAI Soft LTE eNB and UE• Challenge : efficient base band unit• OpenAirInterface uses general-purpose x86
processors (GPP) for base-band processing– front-end, channel decoding, phy procedures, L2
protocols
• Key elements– Real-time extensions to Linux OS
• x86-64 multicore arch
– Real-time data acquisition to PC– SIMD optimized integer DSP
• 64-bit MMX 128-bit SSE2/3/4 256-bit AVX2• iFFT/FFT, Channel Estimation, Turbo Decoding
– SMP Parallelism • Master-worker model ©www.openairinterface.org
Courtesy: Navid Nikaein, Eurecom/Open Air Interface
WINLAB
OAI Strategic Vectors
5G Modem
Software-defined 5G system
Heterogeneous 5G Network
Large-Scale Emulation
Test and measurements
RF Platform
Massive MIMO
Full-duplex Radionew waveform
SDN/NFV
Cloud-native RAN Juju/OpenStack
Ethernet Fronthaul
MEC API
Ultra-dense network
Coexistence and Aggregation
Unlicensed bands
Relaying
Carrier aggregation
Realistic experimentation
PHY abstraction
Channel models
Interoperability / Compliance System Integration
System Integration
Design Validation Channel Sounding
Performance
Low cost BS
Soft RRH
Courtesy: Navid Nikaein, Eurecom/Open Air Interface
WINLAB
GENI Wireless Deployment
Wayne State
Clemson
U Michigan
Columbia
UMassU Wisconsin
Madison
U ColoradoBoulder
UCLA
Stanford
Rutgers
Temple
Drexel
NYU
• 26 WiMAX and LTE BS on 14 campuses• SDN (Click and OVS based) datapath/backbone• 10 mini-ORBIT deployments some with SDRs
Kettering
Utah
WINLAB
Ideal GENI Wireless Unit
Local processing
SDR front-end
RF “Firewall”Modest power amplifier
GENI Rack
WINLAB
Need for Inter-network Cooperation
Radio device A1
Type: Transmit/Receive (client)
Location: (xA1, yA1)
Power, BW, frequency, duty cycle
Radio device B1
Type: Transmit/Receive (client)
Location: (xB1, yB1)
Power, BW, frequency, duty cycle
Aggregate radio map
Range of operation: (xB, yB, rB)
Technology type: Wi-Fi
Device list: B1 params, B2
params, …
Per device parameters Per device parameters
Policy/capabilities
Controller type: C2
Information sharing enabled
Merge RRM enabled
Aggregate radio map
Range of operation: (xB, yB, rB)
Technology type: Wi-Fi
Device list: A1 params, A2
params, …
Policy/capabilities
Controller type: C2
Information sharing enabled
Merge RRM enabled
Network A Network B
Algorithm& policy negotiation
Spectrum infoexchange
• Interaction between managed wireless networks over the back-end wired link for making more efficient use of the spectrum
WINLAB
SDN Approach to Wireless Control Plane
Network OS with wireless abstractions
MobilityMgmt.
WirelessAccessControl
Wired + Wireless Network
QoSControl
ChannelAssign-ment
Tx PowerControl
Inter-Network
Coordination
Data Plane Apps Control Plane Apps
Through extension of OpenFlow Match/Action Fields
Through the ControlSwitch
framework
• Introducing flexibility in the wireless control plane by leveraging software defined networking techniques
• Inter-network cooperation translates to inter-controller interactions and setting of flow-rules
WINLAB
A: Distributed Control Plane
Extension of traditional Enterprise Controller:• Multiple copies of wireless controllers (WC) with mechanisms to cooperate,
scattered throughout (SDN) based control plane
• Reduced distance between device and a controller – reduced flow setup times (reduced control latency)
BS/AP Control Network (data plane)
WirelessController
WirelessController
Shared State
Control
WINLAB
B: Heterogeneous Distributed Control Plane
• Builds the control plane as a network of different controllers– Each controller is a part of a control stack
– Controllers communicate by message passing
– Multiple controllers process each event● SDN control plane can pick and choose services for each event,
avoiding conflict
• Wireless Control Stack (WCS) realized as a complex interaction between controllers rather than (single) monolithic application
WINLAB
C: Heterogeneous Hierarchical Control Plane
● Groups of functional WCS controllers arranged in tiers– Higher tier events = more global and less
frequent
– Supports natural hierarchical inter-controller relations
● Controllers connected with (SDN) inter-controller links– Joins pieces of wireless control stacks
together through SDN
– Additional benefit: dynamic provisioning and routing for events to be moved between controllers and/or tiers (if they can’t be handled at a tier)
C1
B2B2
A3A2A2Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
BS/AP Control Network (data plane)
WINLAB
Heterogeneous Hierarchical Control Plane
• Example: Pair of enterprises with heterogeneous decomposed controllers
BS/AP Control Network (data plane)
BS/AP Control Network (data plane)
AI1
AI1
H2H1
Tier 1
Tier 2
H3H2H1
Authentication/Interference
Handoff
WINLAB
Distributed SD(W)Ns: What’s Missing?
Scalable and resilient, but not readily available– proprietary, experimental, or early-stage
Focuses on uniformity, expects controllers to be homogeneous
No standard mechanism to handle interaction of network stacks (SDX?)– Relies on specialized mechanisms
● network hypervisors - virtualize network
● network compilers - resolve flow conflicts
● semi-intelligent switches - delegate some work to switches
● SDN-to-IP network peering applications
WINLAB
Implications
A complex control plane structure requires:
– Orchestration of event handling across multiple controllers→ An inter-controller process chain
– Path selection across control plane→ A control plane routing mechanism
– Allow controllers to learn of available services/topology→ An information propagation scheme
WINLAB
Generic Wireless Ontology (GWO) http://www.orbit-lab.org:8080/tsc/resources/WirelessOntology ǂ
Wireless Domain Connector ontology
(WDSO)http://www.tasorone.com/tsc/resources/OpenAirInterface
Spectrum Sensing Capability ontology
(SSCO)http://www.tasorone.com/tsc/resources/SpectrumSensing
Capability
Command Line ontology (CLOnt)http://www.tasorone.com/tsc/resources/CLOnt
Meta Service Architecture ontology
(MSAO)http://www.tasorone.com/tsc/resources/msa
Resource Description Framework
ontology (RDF)
See also:
http://groups.geni.net/geni/wiki/GENIFireCollaborationWorkshopSeptember2015for more detailed treatment of a foundation ontology for wireless networking
CoordsSS Ontologies Framework (FLEX)
WINLAB
OBRIT Extension: Proposal
WINLAB
OBRIT Extension: Current• 40 USRP X310s
– Available FPGA resources:
– RF 2 x UBX-160 (10 MHz - 6 GHz RF, 160 MHz BB BW)
– 2 x 10G Ethernet for fronthaul/interconnect
– Four corner movable mini-racks (4 x 20 x 20 -> 1 x 80 x 80)
• > 500+ GPP Cores/CloudLab Rack (?)
• Number of GPU platforms
• 32x40G SDN aggregation switch
Resource Type Number
DSP48 Blocks 58K
Block Rams (18 kB) 14K
Logic Cells 7.2M
Slices (LUTs) 1.5M
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