sociology chapter 3
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Sociology Chapter 3Cultural Conformity and Adaptation
13 virtues of Benjamin Franklin 1. Temperance – “eat not to
Dullness, drink not to elevation” 2. Silence -“speak not but what may
benefit others” 3. Order – “Let all your things have
there place” 4.Resolution – “resolve to perform
what you ought, and perform without fail what you resolve”
13 virtues of Benjamin Franklin 5. Frugality – “make no expense but
to do good to others or yourself” 6. Industry – “Lose no time, cut off
all unnecessary action” 7. Sincerity – “Use no hurtful deceit” 8. Justice – “Wrong none by doing
injuries” 9. Moderation – “Avoid extremes” 10. Cleanliness – “Tolerate no un-
cleanliness”
13 virtues of Benjamin Franklin 11. Tranquility – “Be not disturbed by
trifles or at accidents” 12. Chastity – rarely use “sex” but
for health or offspring 13. Humility – “Imitate Jesus and
Socrates”
American Value System
Americans have a very diverse culture, but there are several values that all groups seem to embrace.
Personal Achievment
Personal Achievement comes in many forms, but has its roots in competition. We rate ourselves and others by their achievements.
Individualism
Individual Effort is the key to personal achievement. People that fail…it is their own fault.
Work
Americans value work, work is associated with Discipline, Dedication and a positive attitude.
Morality and Humanitarianism America was founded by religious
outcasts. The idea of helping others is deeply ingrained in American culture
Efficiency and Practicality Americans believe every problem
has a solution. Americans judge people on their ability to get things done.
Progress and Material Comfort Most Americans place a high value
on Material Comfort. In order to get more comfortable, progress needs to be made.
Equality and Democracy
Equality before the law, all citizens given equal opportunity, and everyone has a say.
Freedom
Americans value freedoms guaranteed to us by the Constitution such as Freedoms of religion, speech and press.
Other values
Other values that Americans value are things such as Patriotism, Education, Religion.
Changing values
Like all aspects of culture, it changes all the time.
Currently the things Americans value include: health, youthfulness, and physical fitness.
Values which continue to change over the course of life are grouped under the term self-fulfillment.
Narcissism
People the get involved too deeply in the ideas of self-fulfillment are deemed to have a disorder know as Narcissism. Narcissism means extreme self centeredness.
Self ControlSection 2
Social Control
Control of society is established through the enforcement of norms (rules, laws) that can be either internal or external (sanctions)
Internalization
The process whereby norms become part of an individuals personality.
You eat with a knife and a fork because it is a norm.
Sanctions
Sanctions are rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms
Positive Sanctions
Praise by Parents Good Grades from Teachers Pay Raises from Work
Negative Sanctions
A punishment or threat of punishment used to enforce conformity
Can range from frowns, and yelling to incarceration and death
Formal or Informal Sanctions In addition to being positive or
negative, sanctions can be formal or informal.
Formal Sanctions – a reward or punishment given by a formal organization. (school, government)
Informal Sanctions – a reward or punishment given spontaneously. (smiles, standing ovation)
Social Control
The enforcing of norms (shared rules of conduct) is called social control and is completed by the use of sanctions, either positive or negative, formal or informal.
Section 3Social Change
Social Change
All cultures change over time.
1950’s
1970’s
1980’s
1990’s 2000’s
More Change
Music: 1971 – Top Song – Joy to the World –
3 Dog Night 1981 – Top Song – Bette Davis Eyes –
Kim Carnes 1991 – Top Song – Everything I Do –
Bryan Adams 2001 – Top Song – All for You – Janet
Jackson 2011 – Top Song –
Rolling in the Deep - Adele
6 Factors that change Society
Values and Beliefs
A change in one part of society will affect change in the entire society.
If the change occurs in the ideology (a system of beliefs that justifies the moral, religious, political or economic interests of the group), then the change can have an enourmous amount of impact.
Social Movements
A long term effort to change society Famous Social Movements
Abolitionist Movement Prohibition Movement Civil rights Movement Women's Right Movement Gay Rights Movement
Technology
Improving technology can greatly influence the society that uses the technology
Population
As changes occur in our societies population, the culture of our society changes to reflect it.
Diffusion
Culture often spreads between countries in close proximity to each other. Often material items instead of ideas are transferred.
Physical Environment
Natural disasters can change the culture of an area and surrounding areas.
Wars and Conquests
Wars bring about the largest changes in the smallest amount of time.
Resistance to Cultural Change Ethnocentrism Cultural Lag Vested Interests
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