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SOCIALSCIENCE1. TheMiddleperiodorthemedievalperiodextended
from the8th-18th.2. ThefounderofthePratiharadynastywas
NagabhattaI.3. DharmapalafoundedthefamousUniversityat
Vikrmasila.4. ThemostimportantruleroftheChauhandynasty
wasPrithvirajChauhan.5. ThecapitalofParamaraswasatDhara.6. TheancienthistoryofIndiacomestoanendwith
theendoftheruleofHarsha.7. ThePaladynastystarteddecliningafterthedeathof
Mahipala.8. TheChandelasruledoverBundelkhand.9. MahendraPalaandMahipalapatrionized
Rajesekhara.10. TheLingarajatempleisatBhubaneshwar.
11. Theperiodbetween8-18thcenturyiscalledmedieval.
12. Rajputsbelongstothemedievalperiod.13. Therewereabout36RajputclansinNorth.14. ThecapitalofNagabhattaIwasKanauj.15. ThechieftainsofBengalselectedGopalaasthe
KingofBengal.16. ThelastofthePalaKingwasGopala.17. RanaSangaandMaharanaPratapgaveatough
fighttotheMughalsofIndia.18. ThePrtiharaswerealsoknownasGurjara
Pratiharas.19. GopalaextendedhispowersoverMagadha.20. TheNalandaUniversitywasrenovatedby
Dharamapala.21. RajaBhojaconstructedabeautifullakenearBhopal.22. BhaskaracharyawroteSikkhantaShiromani,abook
onastronomy.23. DharmapalawasthefounderoffamousVikramasila
University.24. TheTripartitestrugglelastedfornearly200years.25. Rajputkingdomsweredividedintoanumberof
Jagirs.26. Khajurahotemplesattracttouristsfrom Indiaand
abroad.27. Themostfamousandacceptedtheoryoftheorigin
oftheRajputsisAgnikulatheory.28. PratiharasbelongedtoGurjararace.29. ThemostfamousPratihararulerwasMihiraBhoja.30. DuringthereignofMahipalathePalasbecame
powerfulagain.31. ThesuntempleisatKonark.32. JayaDevawroteGitaGovindam.33. TheRajputspatronizedBuddhism andJainism.34. TheVirupakshaTempleisbuiltonthemodelof
Kailasanathatemple.35. TheRashtrakutapowerbecomesinvincibleduring
thetimeofDhurva.36. Vishnuvardhana,theHoysalarulershiftedhiscapital
from SasovirtoDwarasamudra.37. TheKakatiyadynastycametoanendwiththedeath
ofVinayakadeva.38. ThemostdistinguishedYadavarulerwasSinghana.39. ThecapitalofEarlyWesternChalukyaswasVatapi.40. Ballala-IIIwasthelastgreatrulerofHoysalas.41. Ganapathiwassucceededbyhisdaughter
Rudrambha.42. KrishnaIIIdefeatedtheCholasatTakkolam.43. HarapalawasdefeatedandkilledbyMubarak.44. TheChalukyarosetopowerinKarnataka.45. PulikesinIIdefeatedthePallavaKingMahendra
VarmaI.46. TailappaIIwasthelastrulerofthewestern
Chalukyas.
47. ThefounderofEasternChalukyaswasVishnuVardhan.
48. Aiholehasbeencalledthe“cradleofIndianTempleArchitecture”.
49. KannadawasthemothertongueoftheRashtrakutas.
50. DevagirifortwasbuiltduringthereignofYadavas.51. ThegreatestkingoftheEarlyWesternChalukyas
PulikesinII.52. KulothungaCholamergedtheChalukyankingdom
withthecholaEmpire.53. ThedescendantsofRathorsofNorthwerethe
Rashtrakutas.54. KrishnaIbuilttheKailasanathatempleatEllora.55. BallalaIIIwasthelastgreatrulerofHoysaladynasty.56. Chalukyashadbuiltaround70VishnuTemplesin
Aihole.57. Amoghavarshawasagreatpatronofliteraturein
RashtrakutaDynasty.58. ThethousandpillaredtempleatHanumakondaisan
exampleofKakatiyaarchitecture.59. SankaraDevawasdefeatedandkilledbyMalik
Kafurin1312A.D60. ThefamousKohinoorDiamondwasunearthedin
Kollur.61. KirtiVarmanIIwasthelastoftheEastern
Chalukyas.62. KulothungaCholawasenthronedasaCholaruler.63. AmogaVarshawroteKavirajamargainKannada.64. BellalaIIIwasdefeatedbyMalikKafur.65. ThelastrulerofHoysalaswasBellalaIV.66. PratapaRudraIshiftedhiscapitaltoWarangal.67. ThePallavasunderSimhaVishnuoverthrewthe
KalabhrasandestablishedtheirsupremacyoverThondaimandalam.
68. NarasimhavarmanIassumedthetitleVatapikondan.69. TheKallanaiacrossriverCauverywasbuiltby
KarikalaChola.70. ParantakaI,thesonofAdityaIdefeatedthePandya
rulerandtookupthetitleMaduraiKondan.71. ThePandyaEmpirewascalledPandyaMandalam.72. AndalcomposedThiruppavai.73. SimhaVishnuwasthefirstrulerofthelaterPallava
dynasty.74. MahendraVarmanwasknownas‘ChitrakaraPuli’.75. DandinwasthecourtpoetofPallavas.76. VaikundaPerumalTempleatKanchiwas
constructedbyNandiVarmanII.77. Rockcutcavetempleswereintroducedby
MahendraVarmanI.78. VijayalayaIlaidthefoundationfortheLaterCholas.79. RajaRajaIconstructedaSivatempleat
Polonnaruvu.80. TheAriyansassistedthePandyarulersintheir
administration.81. DuringtheperiodofNarasimhavarman-IHieun
TsangvisitedKanchipuram.82. MonolithicRathasarefoundatMamallapuram.83. Kulothunga–IwascalledSungam ThavirthaCholan.84. TheCholakingswerepatronsofSalvism.85. Thiruvasagam wascomposedbyManickavasagar.86. ThepaintingsofSrivallabhaPandyaareseeninthe
SittannaVasal.87. DandiwroteDandialankaram (SanskritGrammar
work).88. ThePallavaministerswerecalledGhatika(college
oflearning).89. KiratarJuniayam waswrittenbyBharavi.90. ThePallavaPaintingsareseenatKanchi
KailasanathaTemple.91. MummudiCholawasthetitleofRajarajaI.92. TheSaivistsongsDevaram wascodifiedduringthe
periodofRajaRajaI.
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93. UtharamerurinscriptionofParantakaIgivesdetailedaccountofvillageadministration.
94. TemplesandMattswerethecentresoflearningduringtheCholaperiod.
95. VilliputhurarwriteMahabharatham.96. TheVillageadministrationsofPandyaswerelooked
afterbyVariyams.97. Muhammad-Bin-Qasim wassenttoconquerSind.98. MahmudofGhaznidefeatedJaipalatherulerof
HinduShahidynasty.99. SomnathtemplewasplunderedbyMahmudof
Ghazniin1025A.D.100.InthefirstbattleofTarainMuhammadofGhoriwas
defeatedbyPrithiviraj.101.TheCommanderofMuhammadofGhoriwasQutb-
ud-dinAibak.102.TheArabsimposedJizyaonthenon-muslims.103.SindandMultanremainedaspartofCaliph’sempire
for150years.104.Mohammed-Bin-Qasim namedMultanastheCityof
Gold.105.RaniBai,thewifeofDahirdefendedthefortof
Rewar.106.ManakacuredtheseriousdiseaseofHarun-Al-
Rasheed.107.MahmudofGhazniattackedSomnathTemplein
1025AD.
108.MohammadofGhoriwasthe3rdimportantMuslimrulertoinvadeHindustan.
109.ProphetMuhammadwasthefounderofIslam.110.Muhammad-Bin-Qasim invadedsindin712AD.111.IntheSecondBattleofTarainMuhammadofGhori
killedPrithiviraj.112.Muhammad-bin-BaktiyarKhiljicapturedNadiain
BengalandpartsofBihar.113.MuhammadofGhoriwasconsideredtobethereal
founderoftheTurkishEmpireinIndia.114.MohammedBinQasim wassentasprisonerto
Mesapotamiaandwastorturedtodeath.115.TheconquestofSindsowedtheseedsforthe
comingofIslam intoIndia.116.BrahmaSiddhantaaSanskritworkofBrahmaGupta
wastranslatedintoArabic.117.DhanawasappointedasChiefMedicalOfficerin
thehospitalofBaghdad.118.MahmudofGhaznipatronizedAlbiruniandFirdausi.119.ThesecondBattleofTarainmarkedbeginningof
TurkishruleinIndia.120.Mohammad-bin-BaktiyarKhiljidestroyed
VikramasilaandNalandaUniversitiesin1202-1203AD.
121.MohammadofGhoriwaskilledbyKhokhars.122.TheMamalukrulewasfoundedbyQutb-ud-
dinAibak.123.ThefirstTurkishrulertointroduceArabiccoinage
wasIItutmish.124.Thepoetknownasthe“ParrotofIndia”wasAmir
Khusrau.125.ThefounderoftheSayyidDynastywasKhizrKhan.126.BaburtherulerofKabulwasinvitedbyIbrahim Lodi.127.Theterm MamalukwastheQuranicterm foraSlave.128.Qutb-ud-dinAibakbuiltQuwat-ul-Islam mosqueat
Ajmeer.129.Qutb-MinarwasbuiltinhonourofaSufisaint
Khwaja-Qutb-ud-dinBaktiyarKaki.130.TankawasthesilvercoinintroducedbyIltutmish.131.BalbanwasaIIbariTurk.132.BalbanpatronizedAmirKhuzrau.133.ThemosttrustworthyslaveofAla-ud-dinKhiljiwas
MalikKafur.134.Mohammad-Bin-TughluqestablishedDiwanIKharat
togivefinancialhelptothepoor.
135.SikandarShahibuiltthecityAgrawhichbecamethecentreofAdministrationoftheLodis.
136.Quwat-ul-Islam mosqueatAjmerwasbuiltbyQutb-ud-din.
137.ThefirstwomanruleroftheDelhiSultanatewasRaziya.
138.ThefounderoftheTughluqdynastywasGhiyas-ud-dinTughluq.
139.BahlolLodicapturedthethroneofDelhiin1451AD.140.SikanderShahShahienjoyedSehnaimusic.141.Qutb-ud-dinwascalledtheLakhBaksh.142.Iltutmish’sarmywasmaintainedbyChahalgan(A
corpsofforty).143.ThecopporcoinofIltutmishwasJital.144.GhaziMalikassumedthetitleGhiyas-ud-din
Tughluq.145.Ghiyas-ud-dinwassucceededbyJunakhan.146.FirozTughluqdestroyedtheJeganathtempleat
Puri.147.FirozTughluqwrotehisbiographyFutuhatFiroz-
Shahi.148.TheadministrationofDelhiSultanatewasbasedon
Islamiclaw.149.Landtaxwasthemainsourceofincome.150.TheChiefJusticeofDelhiSultanatewasQazi-ul-
Quzar.151.BahlolLodifoundedLodidynasty.152.TheVijayanagarEmpirewasfoundedintheyear
1336A.D.153.ThebrothersHariharaandBukkaservedunderthe
HoysalaKingViraBallala-III.154.ThemostfamouskingoftheVijayanagarEmpire
wasKrishnadevaRaya.155.TheMuslim kingdom thatrosetoprominenceinthe
Deccanin1347A.D.wastheBahminikingdom.156.MuhammadGawanwastheregentofMuhammad
Shah-III.157.ThecapitalofVijayanagarwasHampi.158.TheGovernorofVijayaNagarempirewasNaik.159.TheVijayanagarEmpirewasruledbyFourdynasties.160.InthebattleofTalikotais1565AD,Ramarayawas
defeated.161.TheCentraladministrationmaintainedcontactwith
thevillagesthroughanofficercalledMahanayakacharya.
162.Landtaxwasthemainsourceofincome.163.TheSupremeJudgeoftheVijayanagarkingdom
wasKing.164.TheBronzeimageofKrishnaDevaRayawasa
masterpieceoftheVijayanagarperiod.165.HasanGanguBahmaniwasTurkishofficerof
Devagiri.166.MadrasaswerethecentresoflearningofMuslims.167.TheofficerinchargeofaTarafwasTarafdar.168.AgroupofeightscholarscalledAshtadiggajas
adornedthecourtofKrishnadevaRaya.169.TheVijayanagarEmpirereacheditesZenithofglory
duringtheperiodofKrishnaDevaRaya.170.RamarayawasdefeatedandkilledintheBattleof
Talikota.171.TheBahmanikingdom wasfoundedbyHasan
GanguBahmani.172.TheBahmaniSultansencouragedArabicand
Persianlearning.173.DomingoPaesaPortuguesetravelervisitedthe
courtofKrishnaDevaRaya.174.KrishnaDevaRayawroteabookcalled
AmuktmalyadainTelugu.175.TheBattleofTalaikotaendedtheVijayanagar
Empire.176.TheVillageassemblycarriedontheadministration
ofvillages.177.Greatattentionwaspaidtoagriculture.
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178.LandtaxwascollectedbasedontheFertilityofthesoil.
179.ThecivilcasesweredecidedonthebasisofHindulaw.
180.OneoftheimportantportsofVijayanagarwasQuilon.
181.GulbargawasthecapitalofBahmaniKingdom.182.MuhammadGawanwassentencedtodeathin1481
ADbyMohammadShah-III.183.TarafwasthenameoftheProvinceunderBahmani
Sultans.184.AhmadShahshiftedthecapitaltoBidar.185.SayanawrotecommentariesonVedas.186.TheBhaktimovementspreadduringthemedieval
periodinIndia.187.ShankaracharyawasbornatKaladiinKerala.188.GurunanakwasthefounderofSikhism.189.Sufism originatedinPersia.190.Nayanmarsare63innumber.191.ApparfollowedJainism initially.192.TheworkofManickavasagarisThiruvasagam.193.Alwarswere12innumbers.194.NalayirDivyaPrabhandam wascompiledby
Nadamuni.195.AdvaitaPhilosophypreachestheworshipofone
God.196.VallabhacharyawasadevoteeofLordKrishna.197.ChaitanyawasborninBengalin1485AD.198.GuruNanakwasadiscipleofTulsidas.199.Ram CharitmanaswaswrittenbyTulsidas.200.SilsilameansChain.201.SufimasteriscalledasPir.202.BaktiandSufimovementpavedthewayforequality
andbrotherhood.203.ShankaracharyapreachedAdvaitaphilosophy.204.Ramanuja,anexponentoftheBhaktimovement
wasbornatSriperumpudurnearChennai.205.BasavawasthefounderofViraSaivism.206.GnanadevawroteacommentaryonBhagavatGita
calledGnaneswari.207.KandhuriUrsfestivalcelebratedatNagoreDargah.208.KaraikalAmmaiyarchangedAppartoSaivism.209.AlwarswerethedevoteesofLordVishnu.210.SekhizarwroteabookcalledPeriyaPuranam.211.BhaktimeansdevotiontoGod.212.BasavafoundedLingayatMovement.213.Kabir’sbookisBijaka.214.DohaswerethepoemsofKabir.215.KabirPanthisarethefollowersofKabir.216.KabirsaidRam andRahim areone.217.MirabaiwasastaunchdevoteeofLordKrishna.218.Baba-FaridpreachedtheunityofGodand
brotherhood.219.Khwauamuin-ud-dinChistiwasalsocalledas
GharibNawaz.220.Earthistheonlyplanetthathasorganismsinit.221.ThePangeaisbrokeninto7majorplates.222.TheCrustoftheEarthisnotstable.223.LargescaleverticalmovementsoftheEarthcrust
arecalledEndogenicmovements.224.ThepointoforiginoftheEarthquakeiscalledFocus.225.ThePacificisthelargestplate.226.Primarywavestravelataspeedof8km/sec.227.Volcanoesareclassifiedinto3types.228.Pwavesarethefirsttoberecordedbythe
Seismograph.229.Dormantvolcanoesarealsocalledsleepingvolcano.230.ThecontinentalcrustiscomposedofGranitelayer.231.Thesiallayerisfloatingonthesimalayer.232.LargescalehorizontalmovementsoftheEarthcrust
arecalledOrogenicmovements.233.Asurfacewaveisalsoknownas‘L’waves.234.AvolcanoisaventoranopeningintheEarthcrust.
235.TheearthquakewavesarerecordedbyaninstrumentknownasSiesmograph.
236.TheRichterscaleisusedtomeasuretheintensityofanearthquake.
237.Thepacificplateisthelargestplate.238.IsaacNewtonwasthefirstscientisttotheorise
aboutthestructureoftheEarth.239.Mantleliesbetweenthecrustandcore.240.TheuppermantleisknownasAsthenosphere.241.Theinnermostlayeroftheearthisthecore.242.Thepangeaisknownassupercontinent.243.InGreekpanthalasameansallwater.244.AnAmercianastronomerEdwinHubbleexplained
thattheexistinguniversehadbeenexpanding.
245.On30thMay2010thescientistsmadeaLargeHadronCollidermachinetotesttheBigBangTheory.
246.TheEgyptiansvisualizedthattheearthwasafloatingsphereonthesea.
247.TheBarrenIslandistheonlyactivevolcanoinIndia.248.MaunaLoainHawaiIslandisthelargestactive
volcanointheworld.249.TheIndo-Australianplateismovingat67mm per
year.250.OxidationprocessisbetterknownasRusting.251.MeandersareformedintheValleycourse.252.BeachesarethefeatureoftheWaves.253.PedestalrockisalsocalledasMushroom rock.254.BarchanisrelatedtoDepositionalfeature.255.Thedisintegrationofrocksintosmallfragments
withoutchemicalchangeisPhysical.256.TheGangesisthelargestriveroftheIndianSub-
continent.257.TheGangesiscalledIndia’sNationalRiver.258.ThecrescentmoonshapeddunesareBarchans.259.Theglacialdepositsareknownasmoraines.260.ThermalstressisalsoknownasPhysical(or)
Mechanicalweathering.261.Twocavesapproachingoneanotherarecalledan
arch.262.Thefanshapedalluvialfeatureformedbyariverat
itslowercourseiscalledasDelta.263.Processofwearingandtearingoftherockiscalled
Frostweathering.264.Winddepositsthematerialsbywindwardsideand
leewardside.265.Rocksaremadeupofacombinationofseveral
minerals.266.Themountainousareasexperiencefrosttypeof
weathering.267.Chemicalweatheringreferstodecompositionof
rocks.268.Thebestexampleforsaltcrystallizationisfrom
YehliuandTaiwan.269.Saltcrystallizationisotherwiseknownas
halocalasty.270.Hydrationisofternreferredtoasabsorptionof
water.271.Hydrolysisisaprocessaffectingsilicateminerals.272.Ameanderisabendinasinuouswatercourse.273.Theaccumulationsofdepositsdroppedonthe
sidesofbanksarecalledLevees.274.Therivercutsthroughthenarrowneckoftheloop
makinganox-bowlake.275.Afanshapedalluvialfeatureiscalleddelta.276.Wavesarethemostpowerfulagentsofmarineor
coastalerosion.277.Averysteeprockfaceadjoiningthecoastformsa
cliff.278.Whentwocavesapproachoneanotheranarchis
formed.279.Abeachisasanddepositionalongthecoast.280.Wheniceisaccumulatedalongthefoothills,itis
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knownaspiedmentglacier.281.Theiceflowiscalledaglacier.282.Glaciersarefoundineverycontinentexcept
Australia.283.Alphineglaciersareformedonthemountain.284.ThePolarRegionsarevastlycoveredwithice.285.Continentalglacierisanextensivetypeoficemass.286.Pluking(or)quarryingneanstheuprootingofrocks
inthecourseoftheglacier.287.Betweentwocirques,aknifelikeelevatedridgeis
formedknownasAretes.288.Whenthreeormorecirquescutbacktogether,they
form aphyramidalpeak.289.TheGreekword‘Klima’referstoinclination.290.Thetemperatureontheearth’ssurfacedecreasesat
therateof6.50Cforevery1000meters.291.ElninomeanstheChristChildinSpanish.292.TheUrbanheatislandisametropolitanareawhich
issignificantlywarmerthanitssurroundingareas.293.Thetropopauseistheboundarybetweenthe
troposphereandstratosphere.294.TheEquatoriallow-pressurebeltiscalledasabelt
ofcalm(or)Daldrums.295.Theairinhorizontalmotioniscalledwind.296.ThenameofthelocalwindwhichblowsoverThar
DesertinIndiaisLoo.297.Thestudyonthescienceoflightningiscalled
Fulminology.298.ThunderstormsareproducedbyCumulonimbus.299.Thewordclimateisderivedfrom theancientGreek
wordKlima.300.Theequatorreceivesverticalsunrayswhichfallover
asmallerarea.301.ThePolarRegionsreceiveslantingsunraysand
theyfalloverawiderarea.302.Theplaceslocatedonhigheraltitudesarealways
coolerthanthoseontheplains.303.Thecoastalareasenjoyequable(or)maritime
climate.304.Theinteriorlandareasexperienceextremeor
continentalclimate.305.Basedontemperaturetheoceancurrentsare
classifiedaswarm andcoldoceancurrents.306.Themeetingplacesofwarm andcoldocean
currentsaresuitableforthegrowthoffishfoodplankton.
307.Industrialrevolutionbroughtchangesinourlifestyle.308.Terrestrialradiationisreferredtoastheheatenergy
emittedfrom theEarth.309.Thesolarradiationtakeseightminutestoreachthe
earth’ssurface.310.Incomingsolarradiationiscalledinsolation.311.TheatmosphereoftheEarth’ssurroundedbyGases.312.Metorologyisthescientificstudyoftheatmosphere.313.TheU.Vraysofthesunareharmfultoallliving
beings.314.Aerologyisthestudyoftheupperlayerofthe
atmosphere.315.Theinstrumentusedtomeasurethetemperatureis
theThermometer.316.Theimaginarylinesjoiningdifferentplaceswiththe
samepressureonmapareIsobars.317.Thewindsblowsfrom aparticulardirection
throughouttheyearareplanetarywinds.318.Themonsoonisderivedfrom ArabicwordMausim.319.Windsblowfrom theseatothelandarecalledSea
breezes.320.Cumuluscloudsaredescribedaspuffyorcotton-
likeclouds.321.Hygrometerisaninstrumentusedtomeasure
rainfall.322.KeralareceivesmorerainfallthanTamilnadu
becauseitliesontheWindwardside.323.Conventionalrainfalliscalledas4’0clockrainfall.324.InthetropicalregionsPaddyisamajorcrop.325.DuringElninoperiodthetemperaturerisesrapidly
onceinthreetoeightyearsalongthecoastofPeruandEcuador.
326.Thedifferencebetweenmaximum andminimumtemperatureofthedayiscalledDiurnalrangeoftemperature.
327.Barometerisaninstrumentusedtomeasuretheatmosphericpressure.
328.Sub-tropicalhigh-pressurebeltiscalledHorselatitudes.
329.InIonospherelayer,thesun’sraysisionized.330.Cumuluscloudsareassociatedwithrainfall,
thunderandlightning.331.Convectionaltypeofrainfallisalsocalledas4’0
clockrainfall.332.Theaverageairpressureatthesealevelis1013
millibars.333.TheNimbuscloudsareverticalclouds.334.Thewindwardslopereceivesheavyrainfall.335.Stratosphereiscalledisothermallayer.336.Afterthestratosphere,thereisabufferlayercalled
theStratopause.337.Barometerisaninstrumentusedtomeasurethe
atmosphericpressure.338.TheFrigidZoneiscoolerthanotherzones.339.TheIonospherelayerreflectstheradiowavesand
electromagneticwavesbacktotheearth.340.Theimaginarylinesthatjoindifferentplaceswith
sametemperatureiscalledIsotherms.341.Anemometerisaninstrumentusedtomeasurethe
velocityandwinddirection.342.Awindwaveisusedtoindicatethedirectionofthe
wind.343.Thewarm localwindofUSAisChinook.344.Thewarm windoftheTharDesertinIndiaisLoo.345.ThecoollocalwindinRussiaiscalledPurga.346.ThecoollocalwindofArgentinaisPampero.347.ThedoollocalwindofCentralAfriceisHarmattam.348.Cirruscloudsarehighcloudsformedabove5,000
metersabovesealevel.349.Stratuscloudsarelowcloudsbecausetheyare
formedwithin2,000metersabovethesealevel.350.Stratuscloudsareoftendescribedas“Puffy”or
“Cotton-like”inappearance.351.Nimbuscloudsareverticalclouds.352.Theimaginarylinesjoindifferentplaceshaving
sameamountofrainfallisIsohyets.353.ThunderstormsareproducedbyCumulonimbus.354.ThemajorreasonforthedroughtistheScarcityof
rainfall.355.TorndoesarecommoninU.S.A.356.LandslidesoftenoccurinHillyregion.357.ThewordTsunamihasbeenderivedfrom Japanese.358.Ofthefollowingwhichisnotanaturaldisaster
nuclearexplosion.359.AgoodexamplefornaturaldisasterisEarthquake.360.Thesuddentremorontheearth’scrustisEarth
quake.361.TheGujaratearthquakeoccurredonJan26,2001.362.Theprocessofmakingdisasterlesssevereiscalled
Mitigation.363.Steam andhotspringsfrom avolcanoisusedto
generategeothermalenergy.364.TherecentvolcaniceruptioninIcelandoccurredon
April14,2010.
365.TheIndiancoastalregionsareamong6thmajorcycloneproneregionsoftheworld.
366.Everyyear,thecyclonescauseafewdeathsalongtheCoromandelareaofIndia.
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367.Ahazardisanexposuretorisk.368.Indiaisdividedintofourseismiczones.369.InIndiaTsunamewarningcentrehasbeensetupat
Hyderabad.370.DebrisflowisalsoknownasMudslide.371.Avalanchesoccuronthehighlatitudesandhigh
altitudes.372.Aneventthatcausesheavydamagetolifeand
propertyiscalledasDisaster.373.Hazardisanexposuretorisk.374.Disasterisathreattolifeandpropertiesof
community.375.Thedisastersarebroadlyclassifiedintonaturaland
man-made.376.Mitigationmeanstomakelesssevere.377.Thetremblingoftheearth’scrustisknownas
Earthquake.378.SwamiNarayantemplewasdestroyedbythe
Gujaratearthquake.379.Themostimportantthingtododuringan
earthquakeistobecalm.380.Volcaniceruptionsmaycauseearthquakes.381.Inareasofavalanchestravellinginanymodeof
transportshouldbeavoided.382.SouthIndiancoastalareasareaffectedmoreby
cyclonesthanbyanyotherdisaster.383.TheIndiancoastalregionsareamongthesixmajor
cycloneproneregionsoftheworld.384.OnOctober29,1999supercyclonewashitthe144
km coastofOrissa.385.Wemustdrinkboiledwatertoavoidspreadof
diseases.386.Floodsanddroughtsarethetwoproblemscaused
duetothevagariesofmonsoon.387.Droughtreferstotheprolongeddrynessofweather
duetolackofrainfall.388.Tornadoesarecausedduetoextremelowpressure.389.Alargestretchofwatercoveringavastareais
calledanOcean.390.TheAtlanticOceaniselongated‘S’inshape.391.Theriseandfallofseawaterduetogravitationis
knownastides.392.AnOceanridgeisatabletopunderwatermountain.393.ThehydrologicalcycleisalsoknownasWaterCycle.394.ThePacificisthelargestandthedeepestocean.395.Oceanscoverabout70%oftheearth’ssurface.396.TheIndianOceanistheonlyoceannamedaftera
country.397.TheAntarcticaOceaniscalledasthesouthernmost
ocean.398.Theaveragedepthofthecontinentalslopeisabout
155metres.399.Theaverageoceansalinityis35gramsperkilogram.400.ThesaltiestwaterisintheDeadSea.401.Theriseandfallofseawaterisoccurringtwicea
day.402.Themixingofwarm andcoldcurrentscausesthick
fog.403.Salinityislowattheequator.404.Thealternateriseandfalloftheoceanwatertwice
in24hoursareknownastides.405.TheEarthisnicknamedaswateryplanet.406.Mariana’strenchisthedeepesttrenchinthesouth
Pacific.407.TheinletsareknownasSeas.408.TheabyssalplainiscoveredwithOoze.409.Windisthemostimportantcauseofwave
generation.410.Theamountofsaltpresentintheseawateriscalled
salinity.411.Thespringtideisalsocalledashightide.412.Tidesarecausedbythegravitationalpullofmoon
andsun.
413.Thestudyofoceaniscalledoceanography.414.Thereare20,000islandsinthePacificOcean.415.TheAtlantictraderouteistheworld’sbusiesttrade
route.416.VictoriaandElizabethislandsareintheArctic
Ocean.417.Theinletsareknownasseas.418.Thecontinentalslopeandcontinentalshelfare
togethercalledascontinentalmargin.419.Theirregularcoastsandthecontinentalslopesare
essentialfortheformationofnaturalharbours.420.Theabyssalplainisflattolowrollinghillsofthe
oceanfloor.421.Seamountsareunderwatervolcanoes.422.Oncetheislandiserodedanditsslipsunderwater,it
iscalledguyot.423.Themidoceanridgeistheunderwatermountain
rangeformedbytheplatetectonicforces.424.Oceanictrenchesarethedeepestfeaturesinthe
ocean.425.Sun’sheatprovidesenergytoevaporatewaterfrom
oceansandlakes.426.Plantslosewaterthroughphotosynthesistotheair
anditiscalledtranspiration.427.Landsurfaceisheatedandcooledquicklybutwater
tendstoheatupandcooldownslowly.428.SpringtideoccursduringtheFullmoondayand
Newmoonday.429.TheexpansionforOTECisOceanThermalEnergy
Conversion.430.Indiaistheseventhlargestcountryintheworld.
431.TheConstitutionofIndiacameintoforceon26th
January1950.432.TheSupremeCourtofIndiaisatNewDelhi.433.TheNationalSongVandeMataram wascomposed
byBankim ChandraChatterjee.434.OurNationaltreeistheBanyantree.435.Indiaisthelargestdemocracyintheworld.436.Thelengthofitscoastlineis7516.5kms.437.TheIndianUnioncomprisesof28states.438.Thereare7unionterritoriesinIndia.439.ThecandidatewhoconteststhePresidential
electionshouldhavecompletedtheageof35years.440.ThenominalheadofourcountryisthePresident.441.ThegreatheadofourcountryisthePrimeMinister.442.Atpresentthereare545membersintheLokSabha.443.Atpresentthereare245membersintheUpper
House.444.SupremeCourtistheguardianofourconstitution.445.Atpresentthereare31judgesintheSupremeCourt.446.TheratioofthelengthtothebreadthofourNational
Flagis3:2.447.TheConstituentAssemblyapprovedtheNational
Flagon22ndJuly1947.448.Thetimedurationforsingingournationalanthem is
approximately52seconds.449.Thesong“VandeMataram”wascomposedby
Bankim Chandrachatterjee.450.OurNationalRiveristheGanga.451.OurNationalfruitisMango.452.TheRepublicofIndiaisgovernedintermsofthe
Constitution.453.TheheadoftheIndianUnionisthePresident.454.TheLokSabhaisalsocalledasLowerHouseof
Parliament.455.“SatyamevaJayate”isinscribedinourNational
Emblem.456.TheNationalbirdofIndiaisPeacock.
457.Indiaisthe7thlargestcountryintheworld.458.Theareaofourcountryis32,87,203sqkms.459.IndiaistheSecondmostpopulouscountrynextto
China.
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460.Thelandfrontierofourcountryisabout15,200Kms.461.Indianconstitutionisthelengthiestwritten
constitutionintheworld.462.Thecouncilofministersisappointedbythe
President.463.ForelectionpurposethestatesandunionTerritories
aredividedintoConstituencies.464.ThePresidentnominates2AngloIndianmembers
totheLokSabhaand12memberstotheRajyaSabha.
465.TheGovernorsofthestatesareappointedbythePresident.
466.TheSupremeCourtofIndiaisthehighestcourtinourcountry.
467.ThewhitecolourinthemiddleofourNationalFlagdenotestruth.
468.Thechakrahas24spokes.469.OurNationalFlagwashoistedfirston15Aug1947.470.Theflagisflownathalfmosttomournthedeathof
ournationalleader.471.TheIndianNationalAnthem wascomposedbythe
greatpoetRabindranathTagore.472.TheNationalEmblem istakenfrom theSaranath
PillarofAsoka.473.ThelionsrepresentPowerandMajesty.474.ThechakrasignifiesDharma&Righteousness.475.Vande-mataram waspublishedinthebookAnand
matt.476.ThePeacockisourNationalbird.477.TheFirstsessionoftheConstituentAssemblywas
presidedoverbyDr.S.P.Sinha.
478.OurConstitutioncameintoexistenceon26th
January1950.479.ThePreambledeclaresthatIndiaasaDemocratic
country.480.ThepeopleofIndiaaregivencompleteauthorityby
theIndianConstitution.481.InaParliamentarysystem,theExecutiveis
collectivelyresponsibletotheLegislature.482.Dr.B.R.AmbedkarwasthechairmanoftheDrafting
committee.483.Dr.B.R.AmbedkarwasthechiefarchitectofIndian
constitution.484.ThefinalsessionoftheconstituentAssemblywas
heldon24thJanuary1950.485.6fundamentalrightsareguaranteedbyour
constitution.486.TheDirectiveprinciplesmaybegroupedinto4
categories.487.Allthecitizensabovetheageof18yearsare
entitledtoparticipateinelections.488.SocialistPrinciplesofdirectiveprinciplesreflect
equalpayforequalworkformenandwomen.489.TheFirstPresidentofIndiawasDr.Rajendra
Prasad.490.TheChiefarchitectoftheIndianconstitutionwasDr.
Ambedkar.491.AnIntroductiontoourconstitutionisfoundinthe
Preamble.492.Asecularstatedoesnothaveareligionofitsown.493.DirectivePrinciplesaimsattheestablishmentofthe
welfarestate.
494.TheDraftingcommitteewasconstitutedon29th
August1947.495.TheconstitutionofIndiaprovidesaParliamentary
form ofgovernment.496.Inaparliamentarysystem,theexecutiveis
collectivelyresponsibletotheLegislature.497.FundamentalRightsareNaturalRights.498.Fundamentalrightsareguaranteedandprotected
bytheconstitution.499.Iftherightsareviolated,thepersoncanapproach
thesupremecourt/Highcourttoclaim his/herrights.
500.RightagainstExploitationprohibitsallformsofforcedlabourchildlabourandtraffickinginhumanbeings.
501.CulturalandEducationalRightsgivesrightstoallcitizenstopreservetheirlanguage,scriptandculture.
502.RighttoConstitutionalRemediesenablesthecitizentoapproachtheSupremeCourtfortheviolationofFundamentalRights.
503.Apoliticalpartycreatespoliticalawareness.504.Bi-partysystem existsinIndia.505.ApartywhichisrecognizedasaStatePartyinFour
StatesisaNationalparty.506.Politicalpartiesform thebackboneofdemocracy.507.Indiahasthelargestnumberofpoliticalparties.508.Partiesaregivenauniquesymbol.509.Thepoliticalpartiesform thebackboneof
Democracy.510.Inademocracythecitizenisboththerulerandthe
ruled.511.Politicalpartieshelpinformingpublicopinion.512.Politicalpartiesserveasalinkbetweenthepeople
andthegovernment.513.Thecountryhavingthelargestnumberofpolitical
partiesintheworldisIndia.514.Largeandestablishedpartieshaveuniquesymbol.515.Apoliticalpartyhashierarchicalstructure.516.ExpansionofUSSRisUnionofSovietSocialist
Republic.517.TheHeadquartersoftheUNOisatNewYork.518.TheGeneralAssemblyiscalledtheParliamentof
mankind.519.OneoftheofficiallanguagesoftheUNOisFrench.520.Thereare5permanentmembersintheSecurity
Council.521.TheprogrammelaunchedbytheWHOhas
successfullyeradicatedsmallpox.522.Theword‘UnitedNationsOrganisation’wascoined
byFranklinD’Roosevelt.523.Atpresentthereare193membersintheUNO.524.TheOlivebranchsymbolizespeace.525.Theterm ofofficeofthenon-permanentmembers
aretwoyears.526.By1994alltheTrustterritoriesattainedself
government.527.Theterm UnitedNationswascoinedbyFranklinD’
Roosevelt.
528.TheUNCharterwassignedby50countrieson26th
June1945.529.TheexecutivebranchoftheUNOisGeneral
Assembly.530.Allthetrustterritorieshaveattainedself
governmentbytheyear1994.531.TheInternationalCourtofJusticeislocatedatThe
HagueinHolland.532.TheSecondWorldWarwasfoughtbetween1939
and1945.533.TheUNCharterwassignedatSanFrancisco.534.TheheadquartersofUNOissituatedatManhattan
inNewYork.535.ThepresentSecretaryGeneraloftheUNOisBan-ki-
moonofSouthKorea.536.Thereare15judgesintheInternationalCourtof
Justice.537.Themembersofspecializedagenciesareelected
foraperiodof3years.538.TheWHOeradicatedsmallpoxfrom India.539.ThechildrenarethefuturepillarsofourNation.540.TheArticle39(f)intheconstitutionprovides
facilitiesforthechildrentodevelopinahealthy
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manner.541.TheGovernmentofIndiaintroducedtheRightto
educationon1stApril2010.
542.The72ndand73rdAmendmentsActshaveprovided33%reservationsofseatsforwomeninthelocalbodies.
543.Swayamsidhadealswiththesocio-economicdevelopmentandempowermentofwomenthroughself-helpgroups.
544.Article24dealswiththerightagainstexploitation.545.TheJuvenileInjusticeActwaspassedin1986.
546.Thechildren’sDayiscelebratedonNovember14th
everyyear.547.Article3prohibitstradeofWomenlikecommodities.548.DowryProhibitionAmendmentActwaspassedin
1986.549.TheJuvenileInjusticeActwasamendedintheyear
2000.550.TheChildLineServicesaimsathelpingchildren
duringtimesofdifficultiesandemergency.551.TheChildMarriageRestraintActof1978has
increasedtheageofmarriageofgirlsfrom 15yearsto18years.
552.TamilNaduLegislaturepassedtheProhitibitonofEve-TeasingLawin1997.
553.Thefamilycounselingcentreswerestartedtogivecounsellingforthevictimsfacingsocialproblems.
554.Article45providesforfreeandcompulsoryeducationforallchildrenupto14years.
555.ChildLineServicesaimsathelpingthechildrenduringthetimesofdifficultiesandemergency.
556.Childrenof4-15yearsarehonouredwithawardsontheRepublicDayeveryyear.
557.TheDowryProhibitionActof1961bansthegivingandreceivingofDowry.
558.73rdand74thAmendmentsprovides33%reservationsofseatsinPanchayatRajandUrbanlocalbodies.
559.EconomicsisaSocialscience.560.Therearefourfactorsofproduction.561.Labourcannotbeseparatedfrom Labourer.562.IngeneralCapitalmeansMoney.563.AnorganizerwillalwaysmakeRisks.564.TherewardpaidtocapitalisInterest.565.InvestmentineducationiscalledHumancapital.566.Therewardpaidtolabourasafactorofproduction
isWages.567.InUnitedStatesmorethan80%oflabourforceis
tertiaryworkers.568.AgricultureisclassifiedunderPrimarysector.569.ThefatherofEconomicsisAdam smith.570.“Welfare”wasdefinedbyMarshall.571.“Scarcity”wasdefinedbyLionelRobbins.572.GrowthwasdefinedbyPaulA.Samuelson.573.EfficiencyoflabourisdeterminedbyPersonal
qualities.574.Landistotallyimmobile.575.Investmentineducation,trainingandhealthcareis
calledHumancapital.576.Investmentonallmandmadephysicalassetslike
buildingsandmachinesPhysicalcapital.577.Investmentmadeintheform ofmoneyiscalled
Moneycapital.578.InIndiaalargeportionofthepopulationremainsin
thissectorPrimary.579.Secondaryisalsocalledasmanufacturingsector.580.Tertiarysectorprovidesservicestothegeneral
populationandtobusinesses.581.Productionmeanscreationofutility.582.Utilitymeanswantssatisfyingpower.583.LandandLabourarecalledoriginalfactors.584.CapitalandOrganizationarecalledDerivedfactors.
585.Landisafreegiftofnature.586.TheconceptofDivisionoflabourwasintroducedby
Adam Smith.587.Anentrepreneuristhechangingagentofthe
society.588.SecondarysectorisalsocalledManufacturing
sector.589.Tertiarysectoroftheeconomyistheservice
industry.590.Anenquiryintothenatureandcausesofwealthof
nationswaswrittenbyAdam Smith.591.Inadvancedcountriesnationalincomesareat
higherlevel.592.UtilitymeanswantsSatisfyingpower.593.Eachfactorplaysauniqueroleintheproduction
process.594.Theaim ofeveryproduceristogetmaximum profit
ataminimum cost.595.CapitalandOrganisationarederivedfactors.596.Intheordinarylanguagelandmeansearth.597.Therewardtothelandasafactorofproductionis
calledrent.598.Labourreferstoanyworkundertakenforsecuring
anincomeorreward.599.TheworkdonebyacookisPhysicalLabour.600.TheworkofateacherismentalLabour.601.Therewardpaidtolabourasafactorofproduction
iscalledwages.602.Labourisanactivefactorofproduction.603.Labourcannotbestoredlikecommodities.604.Labourpoweroncelosecannotberegained.605.Labourpowerdiffersfrom persontoperson.606.IndividualLabourhasweakbargainingpower.607.TheemergenceofTradeunionshasimprovedthe
bargainingpower.608.EfficiencyofLabourmeanstheproductivecapacity
oflabourtodomoreworkorbetter.609.DivisionofLabourhelpstoemployrightmanforthe
rightjob.610.Repetitionofthesameworkmakeslabourtofeel
monotonous.611.Therewardpaidtocapitalasafactorofproduction
iscalledinterest.612.Capitalisapassivefactorofproduction.613.Thewheelsofeconomicactivityarewhirlingaround.614.Themovementofgoodsandservicesfrom one
sectortoanotheriscalledaschainofproduction.615.Agricultureisthelargestandmostsignificant
sectorintheIndianeconomy.616.Tertiaryisbecomingincreasinglyimportantisthe
worldeconomy.617.InUnitedStatesmorethan80%ofthelabourforce
istertiaryworkers.618.ThefirstBattleofPanipatwasfoughtinAD1526.619.Shershahhasbeencalledasthe“Fore-runnerof
Akbar.620.Jahangirsetupa“chainofJustice”.621.GuruArjundevwastheFifthSikhGuru.622.Baburwasbornin1483ADatKandahar.623.BaburlaidthefoundationfortheMughalEmpirein
India.624.HumayunwasbornatKabulin1508AD.625.HumayunmeansFortunate.626.ShershahfoundedSurdynasty.627.ShershahintroducedRyotwarisystem.628.AkbarwasunderthecontrolofhisregentBairam
Khan.629.AbulFaiziwroteAin-i-AkbariandAkbarnama.630.EverycultivatorwasgivenaPatta.631.JahangirmeansconqueroroftheWorld.632.ShahjahaniscalledthePrinceofbuilders.633.ShivajiwastheconstantenemyoftheMughals.634.WazirwasthePrimeMinisterduringtheMughal
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period.635.MansabmeansRank.636.NandirshahgaveaseriousblowtotheMughals.637.IntheSecondBattleofPanipat,Akbardefeated
Hemu.638.ThereignofShahjahanhasbeencalledasthe
“GoldenAgeoftheMughals”.639.TansenlivedinthecourtofAkbar.640.MediniRaiwasdefeatedinthebattleofChanderiin
1528AD.641.Babur’sautobiographyisknownasMemoirsof
Babur.642.AkbarwasbornatAmarkot.643.ShershahrevivedtheDakchaukitheespionage
system.644.ShershahdidnotlistentotheadvicesofUlemas.645.Daghsystem wasthesystem ofbrandingthe
horses.646.AkbarabolishedJizyathetaxonnon-muslims.647.AbulFaizitranslatedRamayanaandMahabaratha
intoPersian.648.Din-i-llahimeansDivineFaith.649.1/3ofthetotalproducewascollectedaslandtax.650.NurMahalmeansLightofthePalace.651.AsafKhanplacedShahJahantothrone.652.ShahJahan’sreigniscalledtheGoldenAgeofthe
Mughals.653.ThecrowningexampleofMughalJewelleryartis
ThePeacockthrone.654.TheMughalemperorwascalledasPadshah.655.EachsubawasplacedunderSubedar.656.DuringMughalperiodthecasesweretried
accordingtoQuaranicLaw.657.WhowastheUlemasMuslim?Religiousleaders.658.Whowasinchargeofincomeandexpenditure
duringShershah’speriod?Diwan-i-wizarat.659.WhointroducedRyotwarisystem?Shershah660.WhoassistedShershahinissuingJustice?Chief
Qazi661.Whoiscalledthefatherofmoderncurrency?
Shershah.662.WhotranslatedBhagavataPuranaintoPersian?
RajaTodarmal.663.NamethemusicianwhoadornedthecourtofAkbar
Tansen.664.NametheBrain-childofAkbarDin-i-llahi.665.WhatdoesDin-i-llahimean?DivineFaith.666.NamethedeedofagreementQubuliyat.667.Namethestoneusedtobuildbuildingsduring
Akbar’speriodRedsandstone.668.WhowastheeldestsonofAkbarPrince
Salim?Jahangir669.Whoobtainedpermissionfrom Jahangirtotrade
withIndia?SirThomasRoe670.WhatwastheoriginalnameofNurJahan?Mehr-Un-
Nisa?671.Towhom wasNurjahanmarriedatfirstSherAfghan.672.Whosereignhasbeencalledasthe‘Goldenageof
theMughals’ShahJahan?673.Whatisconsideredtobeoneofthelargest
Mosquesintheworld?JamaMasjid674.Thedream inmarble-whatdoesitrefertoTajMahal?675.Whoassumedthetitle‘Alamgir’?Aurangazeb
676.Namethe9thGuruoftheSikhsGuru-TeghBahadur.677.Nametherevenuesystem introducedbyAkbar-
Zabtisystem.678.ThetutorofShivajiwasDadajiKhondaDev.679.Shivajihadacouncilofeightministerscalled
“Ashtapradhan”.680.ThefirstPeshwawasRajaJaisingh.681.DadajiKhondaDevwastheGuruofShivaji.682.AfzalKhanwastheSultanofBijapur.
683.ShivajiabolishedZamindarisystem.684.JusticewasadministeredaccordingtoHinduLaws.685.MarathasconsideredFortsas‘mothers’.686.SambajiwastheeldestsonofShivaji.687.TheterritoryunderShivajiwasknownasSwarajya.688.NadirShahwasoneofthegreatestwarriorsof
Persia.689.BalajiViswanathwasthefirstPeshwaofthe
Marathas.690.BajiRaofollowedforwardpolicy.691.ThePeshwasarethePrimeMinistersof
Maharashtra.692.TheMarathasadoptedGuerillawarfare.693.TheSultanofBijapursentAfzalKhantosubdue
Shivaji.694.ThePrimeMinisteroftheMarathaEmpirewas
calledPeshwa.695.AfterAurangazeb’sdeathBahadurShahIbecame
theMughalEmperor.696.ShahjiBhonsleworkedundertheSultanofBijapur.697.GuruDadjiKhondaDevwastheTutorofShivaji.698.Baghnakhmeanstigerclaws.699.AurangazebcalledShivajiasMountainRat.700.Landtaxwasthecouncilofeightministersof
Shivaji.701.2/5oftheproducewascollectedaslandtax.702.ChauthandSardeshmukiwerethetaxescollected
byShivaji.703.Patelisanofficeequaltothatofthepresentday
Tahsildar.704.SahuwasthegrandsonofShivaji.(SonofSambaji).705.NadirShahisone,thegreatestofthePersian
warriors.706.NadirShah’sinvasiongaveadeathblowtothe
MughalEmpire.707.NadirShahwaskilledbyhisownsoldierin1747A.D.708.AhmadShahAbdalimetSadasivaRaoatPanipatin
1761A.D.709.TheforeignInvasiononIndiapavedthewayforthe
Sikhstoform theirempire.710.In1739thearmyoftheMughalsandNadirShah
metatKarnal.711.ThegreattradingcentreConstantinoplewas
capturedbyOttomanTurksin1453A.D.712.Francisco-de-AlmeidawasthefirstViceroyofthe
PortuguesepossessionsinIndia.713.TheEnglishEastIndiaCompanywasstartedin1600
A.D.714.PondicherrybecametheheadquartersoftheFrench
settlementsinIndia.715.HenryofPortugalhasbeencalledas“The
Navigator”.716.BartholomeuDiaznamedthesoutherntipofAfrica
as‘CapeofStorms’.717.ThePortuguesesailorVasco-da-amareached
Calicutin1498AD.718.AlbuquerquecapturedGoafrom theSultanof
Bijapurin1510.719.AlbuquerquebuilttheFortofOrmuzin1515inthe
PersianGulf.720.GoawastheheadquartersofthePortugese.721.In1602ADtheDutchEastIndiaCompanywas
established.722.TheDutchandtheEnglishfaughtatAmboyana.723.In1759theEnglishcaptuturedChinsurafrom the
Dutch.724.In1788ADtheEnglishdefeatedtheSpanish
Armada.725.TheFrenchEastIndiaCompanywasstartedin1664.726.In1615SirThomasRoearrivedatthecourtof
Jahangir.727.Aurangazebgavepermissiontosetupafactoryat
Calcutta.
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728.ThepeopleofDenmarkweretheDanish.729.ColbertwastheministerofLouisXIV.730.TherivalrybetweentheEnglishandtheFrenchled
totheCarnaticwars.731.ThePortuguesecapturedGoafrom theSultanof
Bijapur.732.CaptainWilliam Hawkinsvisitedthecourtofthe
MughalemperorJahangir.733.SirThomasRoearrivedatIndiain1615.734.DupleixcametoIndiain1742astheGovernorofthe
Frenchpossessions.735.ConstantinoplewascapturedbyOttomanTurksin
1453AD.736.KingZamoringreceivedthePortuguesesailor,
Vascodagama.737.TheBluewaterpolicywasfollowedbyAlmeida.738.AlmeidawasdefeatedandkilledbytheEgyptians.739.AlbuquerquewastherealfounderofPortuguese
powerinIndia.740.AlbuquerquediedinGoain1515A.D.741.TheDutchfoundedPulicatin1610andbuiltaFort
there.742.TheDutchkilledtheEnglishmerchantsatAmboyna
in1623A.D.743.In1759theEnglishcapturedChinsurafrom the
Dutch.744.TheSpanishArmadawasdefeatedbytheEnglishin
1588A.D.745.TheEnglishEastIndiaCompanywasstartedby100
merchantsofLondon.746.KingJamesIsentHawkinstothecourtofJahangir.747.In1615ThomasRoecametotheCourtofJahangir.748.In1639,FrancisDayboughtapieceoflandfrom the
KingofChandragiri.749.In1640,theEnglishbuiltthefortSt.Georgeat
Madras.750.CharlesIImarriedCatherineandgotBombayas
dowry.751.TheDanishestablishedtheirtradingcentreat
Tranquebar.752.In1664theFrenchEastIndiaCompanywas
established.753.TheFrenchheadquartersinIndiawasPondicherry.754.TheFrenchgotMahein1725A.D.755.TheCarnaticwarswerefoughtin1744-1763.756.ThebattleofPlasseywasfoughtin1757.757.ThefounderoftheBritishEmpireinIndiawas
RobertClive.758.Count-de-LallywasdefeatedbySirEyreCooteatthe
battleofWandiwash.759.CarnaticwasoriginallyundertheMughals.760.DupleixsentanappealtoLaBourdonnaisthe
governorofMauritius.761.TheNizam ofHyderabadin1747wasAsarShah.762.Anuwar-ud-dintheCarnaticnawabwasdefeated
andkilledinthebattleofAmbur.763.SalabatJungtheNizam ofHyderabadgave
NorthernCircarstoFrench.764.Durpleixwasrecalledin1754.765.MohammadAliwasrecognizedastheNawabof
ArcotafterIICarnaticwar.766.TheTreatyofPariswassignedin1763AD.767.AlivardiKhanwasanindependentrulerofBengal.768.ThebattleofPlasseywasfoughtin1757AD.769.ThebattleofBuxarendedwiththetreatyof
Allahabad.770.ThefirstMysorewarendedinfavourofHyderAli.771.HyderAliwasknownforhisimpartialjustice.772.TheCapitalofCarnaticwasArcot.773.TheHeroofArcotwasRobertClive.774.TheBattleofBuxarmadetheEnglishEastIndia
CompanyasoverieghpowerinIndia.775.LaBourdonnaiswastheFrenchGovernorof
Mauritius.776.Anwar-Ud-dinwastherulerofCarnaticregion.777.ThefirstCarnaticwarwasanechoofAustrianwar
ofsuccession.778.ThefirstCarnaticwarendedwiththeTreatyofAixla
-Chappelle.779.ThebattleofAmburwasfoughtin1749A.D.780.TheFrenchmadeSalabatJungastheNizam of
Hyderabad.781.InCarnaticregionsMohammmadAliwasmadethe
Nawab.782.DupleixwassucceededbyGodeheu.783.InEuropetheSevenyearswarstartedin1756AD.784.SirEyreCootedefeatedtheFrenchGeneralat
Wandiwash.785.TreatyofParisendedtheIIICarnaticwarin1763AD.786.TherulerofBengalin1757ADwasSiraj-ud-daulah.787.ShahAlam IIwastheMughalruler.788.AftertheBattleofBuxarRobertClivebecamethe
governorofBengalin1765AD.789.RobertCliveintroducedDyarchy/dualgovernmentin
India.790.WarrenHastingswasappointedastheGovernorof
Bengalof1772.
791.The1stChiefJusticeofBritishIndiawasSirElijahImpey.
792.UndertheRegulatingact,theSupremeCourtwassetupatCalcutta.
793.TipuSultanwasthesonofHyderAli.794.TheRegulatingActwaspassedbyTheBritish
parliament.795.TheSupremeCourtwasestablishedbythe
Regulating.796.TheBritishPrimeMinisterin1784ADwasLord
William Pitt.797.TheBoardofcontrolhadsixmembers.798.Thetreasurywasshiftedfrom Mushidabadto
Calcutta.799.EnglishCollectorswereappointedineverydistrict.800.In1772aterriblefamineaffectedBengal.801.TheBritishPrimeMinisterWilliam Pitttheyounger
passedthePitt’sIndiaActin1784.802.WarrenHastingsputanendtotheDualGovernment
introducedbyRobertClive.803.TheSecondAnglo-MysoreWarcametoanendby
thetreatyofMangalore.804.Thedualgovernmenthadruinedtheeconomyof
Bengal.805.TheBritishgovernmenthasbeenaskedforaloan
bythecompany.806.TheRegulatingActwaspassedin1773A.D.807.TheExecutiveCouncilofthegovernorhad4
members.808.ThePittsIndiaActwaspassedin1784A.D.809.In1774SupremeCourtwasestablishedatCalcutta.810.BoardofRevenuewassetupatCalcutta.811.Thelandwasgivenfor5yearstothehighestbidder.812.TheRohillaswereAfghanpeople.813.In1781HyderAliwasdefeatedatPortoNovoand
Arni.814.LordCornwallisbecametheGovernorGeneralof
Bengalin1786.815.DuringtheThirdAnglo-MysoreWar,Tipuattacked
TravancoreaHindustateinSouthIndia.816.CornwallisiscalledtheFatherofIndianCivilService.817.TheFourthAngloMysorewarwasfoughtin1779.818.Cornwallisintroducedpermanentrevenue
settlementinBengal.819.Before1793,landwasgiventothehighestbidder
for5years.820.Zamindarsweremadeastheowneroftheland.821.AllthehighpostswerereservedfortheEnglish.
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822.ThedistrictsweredividedintoThanas.823.Thecollector’swererelievedfrom judicialduties.824.TheCornwalliscodewascompiledin1793AD.825.TipuattackedTravancoreafriendofBritish.826.TipuSultanwasbornin1753AD.827.TipuwasdefeatedatMalavalliinFourthMysorewar.828.Tipu’sfamilywassenttoVelloreFort.829.Thepermanentlandrevenuesettlementwas
introducedin1793.830.LordCornwalliscreatedapermanentpoliceforcein
India.831.AnewcodeofregulationsknownasCornwallis
codewascompiledbyGeorgeBarlow.832.LoreWellesleybecametheGovernorGeneralin
1796.833.PermanentRevenueSettlementsecuredastablein
cometothecompany.834.Allhighpostswerereservedforthestableincome
English.835.CornwallisdividedthedistrictsintoThanas.836.CornwalliscodewascompiledbyGeorgeBarlow.837.TipuSultanwascalledtheTigerofMysore.838.TipuSultanwasburiedatSrirangapatnam.839.LordCornwalliswassucceededbySirJohnshore.840.LordWellesleyintroducedSubsidiaryalliance.841.Thecompanymaintainedalargearmyatthe
expenseoftheIndianrulers.842.PeshwaGajiRaoIIenteredintosubsidiaryalliance.843.TheMarathasweredefeatedbyArthurWellesley.844.LordHastingscompletedtheworkstartedbyLord
Wellesley.845.TheCharterActwaspassedin1813.846.ThefourthAnglo-Marathawarbeganin1817.847.TheRyotwarisystem ofrevenuewasintroduced
duringtheperiodofLordHastings.848.ThecharterActof1813allottedRs.Onelakhevery
yearforeducation.849.Thecompany’sCharterwasrenewedforanother20
years.850.WesterneducationwasprovidedtotheIndians.851.TheEnglishdefeatedtheGurkhaleaderAmarSingh.852.ThePindarisweretheRobbersofCentralIndia.853.ThefirstVernacularnewspaperwastheSamachar
Patrika.854.TheBengalTenancyActwaspassedin1822.855.ThewarbetweentheGurkhasandtheEnglishcame
toanendbythetreatyofSagauli.856.TheCharterActof1813allowedthemissionariesto
preachChristianityinIndia.857.TheGurkhasweretheinhabitantsofNepal.858.DuringtheperiodHastingstheCharterActof1813
waspassed.859.Themonopolyofthecompany’stradecametoan
end.860.ThemissionariespreachedChristianity.861.HastingsexterminatedthePindarisfrom Central
India.862.BengalTenancyActwaspassedbyHastings.863.Ryotwarisystem wasintroducedinMadras
Presidency.864.LordAmherstwassucceededbyWilliam Bentinck
astheGovernorGeneralofIndia.865.LordWilliam Bentinkisfamousforhisreforms.866.TheuseofPersianascourtlanguagewasabolished.867.HumansacrificewaspracticedbytheWildtribesof
Orissa.868.LordHastingswassucceededbyLordAmherst.869.TheTreatyofYandaboowassignedin1826AD.870.William Bentinckregulatedtheopium trade.871.William Bentinckcombinedtheofficeofthe
collectorandMagistrate.872.SatiwasprevalentamongtheRajputs.873.TheThugsweresuppressedbySleeman.
874.ThefirstBurmese,warcametoanendbytheTreatyofYandabooin1826.
875.William BentinckisconsideredtobeoneofthegreatestGovernorGeneralsofIndia.
876.MacaulaywasmadeasthefirstlawmemberintheexecutivecounciloftheGovernor,General.
877.TheevilpracticethatprevailedintheIndiansocietywasSati.
878.RajaRam MohanRoywasasocialreformerofBentinck’speriod.
879.DoctrineofLapsewasintroducedbyLordDalhousie.880.OudhwasannexedbyLordDalhousiedueto
misgovernment.881.TheHinduWidowRe-marriageActwaspassedin
1856.882.ThefirstrailwaylinewaslaidbetweenBombayand
Thana.883.MulrajtheSikhleaderrevoltedagainsttheBritish.884.TheIIBurmesewarbrokeoutin1852A.D.885.WajidAliwasthenawabofOudhin1852A.D.886.Thefirstrailwaylinewaslaidin1853.887.DirectorGeneralwasappointedtosupervisethe
workofPostandTelegraphinallpresidencies.888.Grand-TrunkRoadwasrepairedbyDalhousie.889.LordDalhousiebecametheGovernorGeneralof
Indiain1848.890.Satarawasthefirstkingdom tobeannexedbythe
BritishundertheDoctrineofLapse.891.Gangacanalwasconstructedduringthereignof
LordDalhousie.892.ThesecondAnglo-Sikhwarwasfoughtduringthe
reignofLordDalhousie.893.LordDalhousiesentanarmytoattackBurmain
1852.894.OudhwasannexedwiththeBritishEmpirein1852
A.D.895.In1856A.D.MadrastoArakonam railwaylinewas
laid.896.In1856theHinduwidowremarriageActwas
passed.897.AnengineeringcollegewasestablishedinRurkee.898.Armyheadquarterswereshiftedfrom Calcuttato
Simla.899.TheGreatRevoltof1857tookplaceduringthe
periodofLordCanning.900.ThesepoymutinyfirstbrokeoutinBarrackpore.901.MangalPandeywasthefirstsoldierwhorefusedto
usethegreasedcartridge.902.ThemainpoliticalcausefortheGreatRevoltof
1857wasDoctrineofLapse.903.LordWellesleyintroducedSubsidiaryalliance.904.TheGeneralServiceEnlistmentActwaspassedin
1856A.D.905.TheSikhsnevertrim theirhair.906.ThecowwassacredtotheHindus.907.MangalPandeywasaBrahminSoldier.908.BahadurShahIIwasdeclaredastheemperorof
India.909.TheEnglishtroopsunderJohnNicholsonseized
Delhi.910.BahadurShahIIdiedinRangoonin1862.911.NanaSahibmanagedtoescapetoNepal.912.ARoyalDarbarwasheldatAllahabadonNov.1.
1858.913.TheGreatRevoltof1857wasaculminationofthe
accumulatedgrievancesoftheIndianpeopleagainsttheBritishRule.
914.TheGreatRevoltof1857isalsoknownastheIwarofIndianindependence.
915.Theimmediatecauseoftherevoltof1857wastheintroductionofGreasedCartridgesandEnfieldrifles.
916.TheEnglishtroopsunderSirJohnNicholsoncapturedDelhi.
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917.TheEnglishhistoriansregardedtheRevoltof1857asamereSepoyMutiny.
918.HinduLawofpropertywaschargedwiththeviewtofacilitatetheconversiontoChrisianity.
919.LordCanningpassedGeneralServiceEnlistmentActin1856.
920.Thesoldier’sturbanswerereplacedwithLeatherHats.
921.BothHindusandMuslimsrefusedtousethegreasedcartridges.
922.ThefirstsoldiertoprotestagainstthegreasedcartridgeswasMangalpandey.
923.BahadurShahIIwassenttoRangoon.924.NanaSahibledtherevoltatKanpur.925.Begum HazratMahalledtherevoltatLucknow.926.SirHughRoseLaidthesiegetotheFortofJansi.927.LordcanningreadtheQueen’sProclamationof
1858.928.Poligarsystem wasintroducedbyVishwanatha
Nayak.929.TowerofArunachaleswaraTemplewascompleted
byAchutappa.930.“WaroftheNoses”tookplaceduringthereignof
ThirumalaiNayak.931.UmarupulavarwroteSeerapuranam.932.NayakmeansChieforGeneral.933.TheNayaksrulestartedinMaduraiin1529A.D.934.VishwanathaNayakwasthefounderofNayaksof
Madurai.935.AriyanathahelpedVishwanathaNayakinNew
administrativesystem calledPaligarsystem.936.SevappaNayakwasthefounderoftheindependent
Nayakkingdom atTanjore.937.AchutapparepairedthebanksoftheriverKaveriand
improvedagriculture.938.RagunathaNayakwasthemostpopularamongthe
NayaksofTanjore.939.KrishnappaNayakIIwastherealfounderofNayak
ofSenji.940.ThebiggopuraofSrivilliputhurreceivedthe
patronageoftheNayaksofMadurai.941.QueenMangammalbuiltaMangammalPalaceat
Madurai.942.VishwanathaNayakintroducedataxcalledKaval
Pitchai.943.Mangammalactedastheregentofthreeyearold
VijayarangaChokkanathar.944.RaniMeenakshiwasimprisonedChandaSahibat
thepalaceatTrichy.945.AchutappaNayakhelpedVijayanagarrulerinthe
battleofTalikotta.946.VishwanathaNayakwassenttoMaduraito
suppressarebellionbyKrishnaDevaRaya.947.KavalwasthemostimportantworkofPoligars.948.UnniKeralaVarmanwastherulerofTravancoreand
acontemporaryofThirumalaiNayak.949.SriRangaIIItheVijayaNagarrulermarchedagainst
Madurai.950.‘WarofNoses’-occurredduringthereignof
ThirumalaiNayak.951.ThirumalaiNayakshiftedhiscapitalfrom Trichyto
Madurai.952.ThirumalaiNayakpatronizedaSanskritscholar
NeelakandaDikshidar.953.‘UyyakkondanCanal’speaksaboutMangammal’s
contributiontoirrigation.954.TheNayak’sruleinMaduraicametoanendin1736
AD.955.ThimmappaNayakwasappointedinchargeof
Tanjore.956.TheNayaksofSenjibelongtoManinagapuram in
NorthIndia.957.EkojiwasthesonofShajiBhonsle.
958.SaraswathyMahahlwasestablishedbySerfoji-II.959.PanchalamkurichiwasruledbyKattabomman.960.ViraPandyaKattabommanwashangedat
Kayatharu.961.ShivajiledaSouthIndiaexpeditionandcaptured
GolkondaandSenji.962.ShivajiappointedShantajiastheviceroy.963.ShahjiIIopenedhospitalsandinvitedphysicians
from HyderabadandArabia.964.In1856TanjorewasannexedwiththeBritishEmpire.965.SouthIndianrebellionwastheoutburstofthe
accumulatedhatredandangeragainstthecompanyrule.
966.MaruthuPandiarhidhimselfintheSingampuneriforest.
967.DalhousieannexedThanjavurbypplyingDoctrineofLapse.
968.TuljajipatronizedthegreatTelugupoetAluriKuppanna.
969.ViraPandyaKattabommanwashumiliatedbytheBritishcollectorJackson.
970.Intheyear1799Kattabommanwashanged.971.ChokkanathaNayakofMaduraiappointedAlagirias
thegovernorofTanjore.972.BijapurSultansentVenkajitocaptureTanjore.973.ShajiIIwasthesonofVenkaji.974.PratapSinghascendedthethroneofTanjorewith
thehelpoftheNawabofArcot.975.TheGovernorofMadrasrestoredTuljajiastheking
ofTanjore.976.SerfajiIIwasreducedasapensioner.977.SaraswathiMahalisalibrary.978.TheancestorsofKattabommanbelongedtoAndhra.979.PanchamkurichiwasthecapitalofViraPandya
Kattabomman.980.MaruthubrothersruledSivaganga.981.ThondaimanofPudukottaicapturedMaruthu
PandiarandhandedovertotheBritish.982.TheVelloreMutinytookplaceintheyear1806.983.ThesepoyswereinfluencedbyTipu’sfamily.984.TheGovernorofMadrasPresidencyatthetimeof
VelloreSepoyMutinywasWilliam Bentinck.985.JohnCradockwastheCommanderinChiefofthe
MadrasPresidency.986.VelloremutinywasapreludetotheGreatRevoltof
1857.987.Muslimswererequiredtoshavetheirbeardsand
trim theirmoustache.988.TheimmediatecauseoftheVelloremutinywas
Agnew’sTurbans.
989.On9thJuly1806,Tipu’sdaughter’sweddingwascelebrated.
990.Morethan800Sepoyswereshotdeadintherevolt.991.Tipu’sfamilywastakentoCalcutta.992.TheIndianSepoysrefusedtoweartheAgnew’s
Turbanwhichledtothemutiny.993.MajorCootswasoutsidethefortwhenthemutiny
started.994.TheMutinywassuppressedbyGen.Gillesby.995.Hinduswereprohibitedfrom wearingornaments
andcastemarks.996.Thesepoys,whorefusedtheturban,werepunished
by500-900lashes.997.OnJuly9,1806,Tipu’sdaughter’swedding
celebrationsweregoingon.998.ThemutineersproclaimedFatchHyderastheking.999.Gen.Gillesbybroughtanendtotheuprising.1000.ThedeathofPaligarsleftthescarsintheheartof
therebels.1001.Amaterialwhichisfoundinnatureandisusefulto
humaniscalledaResource.1002.Mineralsonceextractedcannotbereplaced.
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1003.Resourcesplayaveryimportantroleintheeconomicdevelopmentofacountry.
1004.Uranium isanuclearmineral.1005.Tropicalregionhaveenormouspotentialtodevelop
solarpower.1006.Thethreespherescombinedtogetherarecalledas
Biosphere.1007.Biospheresprovidehumans,withalltheirmaterial
requirements.1008.Anymaterialfoundinthethreespheresanduseful
tomanisaresource.1009.Resourcesplayanimportantroleintheeconomic
developmentofacountry.1010.Potentialresourcesarenotyetbeenutilizedby
human.1011.Developedresourcesareusedbyhuman.1012.Resourcesareclassifiedonthebasisof
Renewability.1013.Nonmetallicmineralsareamineralisthatdonot
containmetalsintheiroreform.1014.MineralsaregroupedintometallicandNonmetallic
minerals.1015.Amongthemineralspowermineralsplayavery
importantroleintheeconomicdevelopmentofacountry.
1016.Coaliscalledafossilfuel.1017.InTamilNaducoalisminedatNeyveli.1018.InIndiamostofthemajoroilfieldsarefoundon
shoreinAssam.1019.India’slargestoffshoreoilfieldisinMumbai.1020.MineralslikeUranium andthorium areusedto
generatenuclearpower.1021.USAistheworld’slargestproducerofnuclearpower.1022.Franceisthelargestuserofnuclearpower.1023.Renewableresourcesareconstantlyrenewedby
native.1024.Hydroelectricpowerisgeneratedfrom fallingwater.1025.Hydroelectricpowerisusedextensivelyintheworld.1026.Gobargasisgeneratedfrom cowmanure.1027.Biofuelsareproducedfrom sugarcaneand
Jetropha.1028.ResourcesusedbyhumanarecalledDeveloped.1029.Mineralsarenon-renewable.1030.AmajoruserofwindenergyintheworldisEurope.1031.TypeofcoalminedinourstateisLignite.1032.ThelargesthydroelectricpowerprojectinIndiais
BakraNangal.1033.ThelifesupportingsphereisBiosphere.1034.Windisarenewableresource.1035.BhakraNangalDam isthelargestsourceofHydro-
electricpower.1036.Germanyistheworld’slargestproducerofsolar
power.1037.Europeisamajoruserofwindenergy.1038.Accordingtothestageofevolutionofactivity,
economicactivitiesaregroupedintofivemaintypes.1039.Inprimaryactivity,peoplearedirectlyinvolvedwith
theresourcesofnature.1040.Processingandconvertingrawform toafinished
form iscalledsecondaryactivity.1041.Theworkersinvolvedwithtertiaryactivitiesare
calledaspinkcollarworkers.1042.Indevelopingcountriesprimaryandsecondary
activitiesaremorethanthetertiaryandquinaryactivities.
1043.Inprimaryactivitieshumanwereinvolveddirectlywiththeresourcesofnature.
1044.Primaryactivitiesareageoldactivities.1045.Grazingandfishingaretheprimaryactivities.1046.Trade,Transportandcommunicationarethe
serviceswhichpromotesecondaryactivities.1047.Servicesrenderedbyprofessionalscomeunderthe
categoryofquaternary.
1048.Lumberingisaprimaryactivity.1049.PeopleworkinginTertiarysectorsarecalledwhite
collarworkers.1050.Servicewhichhelpstopromotetheindustriesis
transport.1051.QuinaryactivitiesaremoreinMetropolitancentres.1052.Policymakersbelongtothefollowingcategory
Quinaryactivity.1053.Theworkersinvolvedinprimaryactivitiesarecalled
Red-collarworkers.1054.Workersinvolvedinsecondaryactivitiesarecalled
Pink-collarworkers.1055.Theworkersinvolvedwithtertiaryactivitiesare
calledasPink-collarworkers.1056.PeopleworkinginquarternaryactivitiesareWhite-
collarworkers.1057.Decisionmakers,policymakersandadvisorsare
calledGold-collarworkers.1058.Activitiesforwhichhumansdependdirectlyon
natureareknownasprimary.1059.Herdingisanactivityinwhichpeoplegrazealarge
numberofanimalsonnaturalpastures.1060.Themostprimitiveform ofprimaryactivityisfood
gatheringandHunting.1061.Temperateforestsaremoreextensivelyusedfor
Lumbering.1062.Fishinginoceansisusuallyamorecomplexactivity.1063.Agriculturewasamajorlandmarkinthelifeof
humansettlement.1064.Agricultureisthecollectionoffruitsandrootsfrom
forests.1065.Agricultureisakindofactivityprevalentamong
remote,isolatedtribalgroupsofpeople.1066.Huntingisstillprevalentamongremoteisolated
groupsofpeople.1067.Herdinginvolvesseasonalmigrationofthenomads
andtheirflockforfreshpastures.1068.Herdingdependsonclimaticseasontheavailability
ofNaturalpastures.1069.SouthAmericaandAustraliahavelargeranches,
whereanimalsarenotdependentonnaturalvegetation.
1070.Ranchesareabletosupportverylargeherdsofanimals.
1071.TonleSapistheworld’slargestinlandfishinglakeintheworld.
1072.Planktonisafishfoodavailableinthecontinentalshelves.
1073.Timberisusedforfuel,furnituremaking,andpaperandpulpindustry.
1074.JaravasareaboriginesofAndamanandNicobar.1075.EskimosofCanadaareHunters.1076.Abundantfoodsforfishesareavailablenear
Continentalshelf.1077.Two-thirdsofindustrialwoodoutputisobtained
from temperateforests.1078.Primaryactivitythatispracticedonalargerscaleis
mining.1079.Gatheringisanactivityinwhichpeoplegathertheir
requirementsfrom nature.1080.Huntingisaprimaryactivityinwhichpeoplehunt
animalsfortheirmeatandskin.1081.Herdingisaprimaryactivityinwhichpeoplegrazea
largenumberofanimalsonnaturalpastures.1082.Lumberingisaprimaryactivitythatextractswood
from forestsforvarieduses.1083.Tropicalforesthasvaluablehardwoodtreeslike
teakandrosewood.1084.Hippocrateswascalledas“Fatherofmedicine”.1085.TheEgyptiankingwascalledasPharaoh.1086.TheSumeriancalendarisbasedonSevendaysina
week.1087.GunpowderwasinventedbyChinese.
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1088.TheEgyptiancivilizationgrewalongwiththeNileRiver.
1089.TheBronzeAgecivilizationsflourishedindifferentpartsoftheworldbetween5000BCand500BC.
1090.ThepyramidsandthesphinxarethespecimensofEgyptianarchitecture.
1091.“ThegiftofNile”isEgypt.1092.Nomesmeanpriests.1093.“NapoleonofEgypt”wasThutmoseIII.1094.ThegreatpyramidofGizehis481feethigh.1095.SarcophagusmeansStonebox.1096.HerodotuswasaGreekhistorian.1097.ThetempleatKarnakisafineEgyptianmonument.1098.HieroglyphicsisaGreekword.1099.TheEuphratesandTigrishavetheirsourcefrom the
mountainArmenia.1100.ThewordSumerianmeansblackheaded.1101.AmoriteswerecalledBabylonians.1102.PatesiswerethePriestKingsinSumerian
Civilization.1103.ThepowerfulkingoftheBabylonianswas
Hammurabi.1104.“HangingGarden”wasbuiltbyNebuchadNezzar.1105.NinevehwasoneofthechiefcentresofAssyrian
power.1106.EpicofGilgameshisaBook.1107.KidinnuwasagreatAstronomer.1108.TheWorld’sFirstLawgiverwasHammurabi.1109.Hammurabi’scodeofLawwasengravedinSemitic
language.1110.ThetowertempleswerecalledZiggurat.1111.ThemostinfluentialreligioninChinawasBuddhism.1112.FuxiwasthefirstknownChineseking.1113.Guildswereformedtoprotecttheinterestofthe
merchants.
1114.TheChineseinventedpaperinthe2ndCenturyA.D.1115.TheChinesepencilsweremadeofBamboo.1116.TheearlyGreekscamefrom Danuberivervalley.1117.TheAtheniandemocracyreacheditszenithduring
theruleofPericles.1118.OneoftheimportantcitystatesinancientGreece
wasAthens.1119.AlexanderbuiltthefirstGreekEmpire.1120.Homerwasagreatpoet.1121.Thebook‘TheRepublic’waswrittenbyPlato.1122.SocrateswasafamousGreekPhilosopher.1123.PhidiaswasagreatGreekSculptor.1124.TheriverbasinsofPoandTiberwerethecentersof
Romancivilization.1125.ThecoldpolarwindsarepreventedbyAlpsfrom
penetratingintoItaly.1126.PlebianswereCommonpeople.1127.Augustusmeansmagnificent.1128.OneofthemostpopularRomandramatistswas
Seneca.1129.OneofthegreatRomanarchitectswasPompey.1130.Freemedicinewasgiventopoorpeoplebythe
Romans.1131.Anumberofmedicaltreatiesonrespiratorysystem
werewrittenbyGalen.1132.Whichperiodhadwitnessedagreatintellectual
awakeningintheworld?6thCentury.1133.HowmanyyearsthePhilosophyofConfucius
mouldedanddominatedtheChinesemind?2000years.
1134.WhowasthefounderofZoroastrianism?Zoroaster.
1135.Whowasthe23rdThirthankara?Parsavanath.1136.InwhichplaceBuddhagotenlightenment?Bodh
Gaya.1137.InPersiaZoroasterlaunchedhisprotestagainstthe
prevailingreligioussuperstitionsZoroaster.1138.ZoroasterbelongedtoPersia.
1139.ChinesewelcomedtheteachingsofConfucius.1140.SramanaswereTeachers.1141.Confuciusspokeabouthealthysocialrelations.1142.EarlyChinesereligionwasessentiallyaworshipof
spiritsandancestors.1143.ThePhilosophyofConfuciusmouldedtheChinese
mind.1144.InPersia,thesocialunitywasobstructedby
polytheisticfaith.1145.TheZoroastrianAhuraMazdacultdidnotinvolve
costlyrituals.1146.Jainism believedthatmancanseeksalvation
throughrightconduct.1147.Zoroastriansworshippedfire.1148.TheJainpreceptorsarecalledThirthankaras.1149.VardhamanaaftainedtheKevalaGnanam attheage
of42.1150.Mahavirameansgreathero.1151.ThekingAjatasatrugavepatronagetoJainism.1152.Attheageof72,MahaviradiedtoPava.1153.Mahavirahadstrongfaithinahimsa.1154.AccordingtoMahavira,mokshacanbeattainedby
followingTriRatnas.1155.Yapperumkalam wasauthoredbyJainscholars.1156.ThetempleatMt.AbuisapieceofJainarchitecture.1157.SiddharthawasbornatLumbiniinNepal.1158.Gautamaspent6yearsasawanderingascetic.1159.GautamawenttoUruvelaonthebanksofNiranjana
River.1160.TheRoyalfamiliesofKapilavastu,Magadhaand
KosalawereattractedtoBuddhism.1161.Buddha’steachingswereconveyedtothemassesin
Palilanguage.1162.TheBuddhaemphasizedthespiritoflove.1163.ThefourthcouncilofBuddhism washeldduringthe
reignofKanishka.1164.PitakasareBuddhistscriptures.1165.Buddhalaidstressonmorality.1166.HinayanaandMahayanawerethetwosectsof
Buddhism.1167.EarlymedievalperiodhasbeentermedasDarkAge.1168.Feudalism wasasocialsystem basedonLand.1169.ProphetMohammadfoundedthereligionofIslam.1170.ThetitleofLionheartwasgiventoRichard.1171.HolyLandofChristiansisJerusalem.1172.Thehistoriansdividedthemedievalperiodintotwo
parts.1173.InEuropeanhistory,themedievalageisbetween
600ADand1500AD.1174.Thebeginningofthemedievalageismarkedbythe
falloftheRomanEmpire.1175.TheRomansprovedthemselvestobegreatwarriors.
1176.Towardstheendof14thcenturyEurope’spoliticalmaphadundergonemanychanges.
1177.ThedeathofMarcusAureliuswasaturningpointinthehistoryofRomanEmpire.
1178.Inthemedievalperiod,Romebegantobegovernedbyemperors.
1179.Thefeudalsystem wasopposedtotheemergenceofastrong___________government.
1180.Theageofreasonresultedinvictorytothefarmers.1181.Feudalism wasapoliticalarrangementinitsorigin.1182.Intheestablishmentofpapalsupremacy,
monasteriesplayedaverysignificantrole.1183.Intheearlymedievalperiod,thechurchesgave
educationtothepeople.1184.TheUniversityofBolognawasfamousforthe
learningoflaw.1185.TheCambridgeUniversitycameintoexistenceinthe
12thCentury.1186.ArabiaisavastdesertlandinthesouthwestofAsia.1187.ThefirstcrusadewaspurelyaFrenchdominated
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expedition.1188.Richardearnedthetitle‘LionHeart’inthethird
crusade.1189.Asaresultofthecrusadesthepowerandprestige
ofthePopeincreased.1190.Theextensivetravelsundertakenduringthe
crusadespromotedtheknowledgeofGeography.1191.TheorderofTeutonicknightswasfoundedduring
thethirdCrusade.1192.WhichwasthebirthplaceofRenaissance?Italy.1193.WhowasresponsibleforReformation?Martin
LutherKing.1194.InwhichyearConstantinoplewascapturedbythe
Turks?1453A.D.1195.Whopaintedthefamouspainting‘ManoLisa’?
LeonardodaVinci.1196.WhofoundedareligiousorderSocietyofJesus?
IgnatiusLoyala.1197.InwhichyearVascodaGamareachedCalicut?1498.1198.TheancientperiodinEuropeanhistorycametoan
endin476AD.
1199.Atthebeginningofthe16thcentury,arenewedinterestinthestudyofGreekandLatinbroughtthe
ageofreason16th.1200.Thetitle“theSchoolofEurope”wasgiventoItaly.1201.Thecrusadessoundeddeathknelltofeudalism.1202.DantewastheauthorofDivinecomedy.1203.TheRenaissanceperioddevelopedaspiritof
enquiry.1204.TheRenaissancescholarswroteinVernacular
languages.1205.ThediscipleofPetrarchwasBoccaccio.1206.In1453,theTurkscapturedConstatinople.1207.RaphaelwasfamousforhispaintingsofMadonnas.1208.Renaissancehelpedtheemergenceofsecular
music.1209.LorenzodeMediciwastherulerofFlorence.1210.LorenzodeMediciencouragedhumanists.1211.“SevenBooksonthestructureoftheHumanBody”
waswrittenbyAndrewVesalius.1212.Thediscoveryoftheearthmovingroundthesun
wasmadebyCopernicus.1213.Galileoperfectedtelescope.1214.TheLawofGravitationwasdiscoveredbyNewton.1215.MartinLuthernailedhisprotestagainstthe
indulgencesin1517.1216.EveryChristianhadtoperform sevensacramentsin
hislifetime.1217.CharlesV,theHolyRomanEmperorsummoned
LutheratWorms.1218.Lutheranism reducedthesacramentsfrom sevento
three.1219.ZwinglibelongedtoSwitzerland.1220.BytheActofSupremacytheBritishkingbecamethe
supremeheadoftheAnglicanChurch.1221.IgnatiusLoyolawasaSpanishman.1222.TheCouncilofTrentaimedatreformingthe
CatholicChurch.1223.ThePortuguesePrinceHenrystartedaschoolfor
navigators.1224.Vasco-da-gamadiscoveredanewsearoutetoIndia.1225.ChristopherColumbuswasthefirsttosailacross
AtlanticOcean.1226.JohnHuss,ahereticwasburntatthestakein1415
AD.1227.TheheadquartersofCatholicChurchwasRome.
1228.Inthe15thcentury,occupyingtheCanaryIslandsthePortugueseexploredthewesternsideofAfrica.
1229.MexicowasdiscoveredbyFernandoCortez.1230.DuringIndustrialRevolutionproductionbecame
faster.1231.EnglandisthebirthplaceoftheIndustrial
Revolution.1232.GreatBritainisanIsland.1233.CottonginwasinventedbyEliWhitney.1234.In1830theFirstPassengerRailwaywasoperated.1235.TheIndustrialRevolutionwascompletelyeconomic
innature.1236.TheFrenchwriterBlanquifirstcoinedtheterm
IndustrialRevolution.1237.IndustrialRevolutionincreasedallthethree.
1238.IndustrialRevolutiontookplaceinthe18thcentury.1239.IndustrialRevolutiontookplacefirstinEngland.1240.JohnKayinventedFlyingshuttle.1241.Thepennypostsystem wasinventedbySirRowland
Hill.1242.Cloverisoneoftheplants.1243.Thefirstelectrictelegraphcameintoexistencein
1835.1244.Colonialimperialism wasencouragedbyIndustrial
Revolution.1245.Theemergenceofbigtownsnecessitated
parliamentaryreforms.1246.Thesloganofsocialism wasraisedbythelabour
classes,asaresultofIndustrialRevolution.1247.Astheindustriesdeveloped,theEuropeancountries
wereforcedtosetuptheircoloniesintheothercontinents.
1248.In1825,tradeunionswereformedtofightforrights.1249.AsaresultoftheIndustrialRevolutionCottage
industrycouldnotcompetewithfactories.1250.RobertOwenwasthefirstpersontocointheword
Socialism.1251.KarlMarxwasasocialistfrom Germany.1252.DuetoIndustrialRevolution,manbecametheslave
tomachines.1253.TheFrenchRevolutiontookplaceintheyear1789.1254.“StateGeneral”wastheParliamentofFrance.1255.“SocialContract”waswrittenbyRousseau.1256.DuringtheFrenchRevolutionthekingofFrancewas
LouisXVI.1257.ThePrisonofBastillewasthesymbolof“Royal
Despotism”inFrance.1258.The“ReignofTerror”cametoanendin1794.1259.NapoleonBonapartewascalledthe“Childofthe
FrenchRevolution”.1260.ThePrinciplesEquality,‘SovereigntyandNationality’
weretheoutcomeofFrenchRevolution.1261.“DivineRightTheoryofKingships”wassupportedby
thechurch.1262.The“StatesGeneral”wasnotconvenedsince1614.1263.Thenobilitywereexemptedfrom manytaxesand
compulsorylabour.1264.OnethirdoflandsinFrancewereheldbyclergy.1265.InFrance,theexpensivewarsledtofinancialcrisis.1266.TheFrenchRevolutionwasinspiredbyeminent
philosophers.1267.KingFredrickofPrussiahonouredVoltaire.1268.Montesquieuheldabsolutism responsibleforthe
miseriesofpeople.1269.Agroupofthinkerscalledphysiocratssuggested
economicremediestoFrance.1270.TheStatesGeneralwasrevivedafter175years.1271.ParisCommunewasthegovernmentestablishedby
therevolutionaries.1272.BillofRightswaspassedbytheBritishParliament
in1689A.D1273.ThenewConstitutionforFrancewasdraftedin
1791.1274.TheReignofTerrorcametoanendwiththe
executionofRobespierre.1275.NapoleonBonapartebelongedtoCorsica.1276.AftertheFrenchrevolution,theeducationsystem
wasbuiltonsecularfoundations.
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1277.Tamillanguagehasacontinuoushistoryofatleast2500years.
1278.TheKalabhraswerereplacedbythePallavasatkanchiinnorthTamilnadu.
1279.ThePallavainscriptionatKudimianmalaireferstoagreatmusicianRudracharya.
1280.ThePallavagaveimportancetoSanskrit.1281.Tholkappiam describesthesocialconditionsofthe
sangam Tamils.1282.InthePre-VedicIndiaaDravidianCivilization
flourishedwithitsnucleusinIndusValley.1283.TheoldestoftheDravidianlanguagesofSouthIndia
isTamil.1284.MamulanarwasaSangam poet.1285.Veliarswerethepettychieftainsrulingover,hilly
tracts.1286.Nedunchezhianwasoneoftheprominentmonarchs
ofsangam age.1287.TheKalabhrasuprootedtheTamilkingdomsinthe
secondphase.1288.TheJainmonkVajranandhiestablishedaDravida
SanghaatMadurai.1289.ThemostpopularKalabhrasrulerAchyutaVikrantha
ruledfrom Uraiyur.1290.InNorthTamilNadu,theKalabhraswerereplaced
byPallavas.1291.TheKalabhraswerereplacedbythePandyasin
SouthTamilNadu.1292.MahendravarmanIwasaPallaveruler.1293.ExpeditionsweresenttoBengalandKadaram by
Rajendra.1294.HoysalasbelongedtoDwarsamudra.1295.KarikalausedhisnavytoattackSinhalese.1296.Theterm Anthanarreferredtowisemen.1297.Kavyadarsam waswritteninSanskrit.1298.Bhaktimovementgainedmomentum duringthe
Pallavaperiod.1299.Yaazhwasastringinstrument.1300.MonolithicRathasatMahabalipuram were
contributedbythePallavas.1301.IntheSangam PeriodKaniyanswereboth
astrologersandastronomers.1302.TheCholashadtradecontractwithChina.1303.IntheSangam agethevillageadministrationwas
carriedonbyanassemblyofelders.1304.Theheirapparentwasotherwiseknownas
Komahan.1305.TheGoldenageoftheMahasabhaswastheChola
period.1306.Sangam Tamilsstressedmoreonethicalconduct.1307.Nannulwasasecularwork.1308.Elavenilreferstooneoftheseasons.
1309.TamilNaduisthe11thlargeststateofIndia(asregardsarea).
1310.Thereare32districtsinTamilNadu.1311.Nagapattinam districtliesontheeastcoast.1312.TamilNaduliesintheSouthEastpartofIndia.1313.TamilNaduaccountsfor4%ofthetotalareaofthe
country.1314.ThestateAndhraPradeshisonthenorthernpartof
TamilNadu.1315.TamilNaduisborderedbyKarnatakaonthewest
side.1316.TamilNaduissurroundedbyBayofBengal.1317.Tamilhasbecometheofficiallanguagewitheffect
from January14,1958.1318.TheStateofTamilNaduisatriangularlandmassat
thesoutheasternendofthemaincontinent.1319.TamilNaduisthesixthmostpopulousstateofthe
IndianUnion.1320.TamilNaduisthehomeofDravidianculture.1321.TheinstituteforthegrowthofTamilLanguagewas
Sangam.1322.Thesecondsangam tookplaceatKapadapuram.1323.Tholkappiam belongedtotheLastSangam period.1324.TheholysaintofTamilNaduwasThiruvalluvar.1325.ThefirstTamilPrintingpressatTarangambadiwas
establishedbytheDanish.1326.WhatisthetotalareaofTamilNadu?1,30,058
sq.km.1327.TamilNaduisoneofthemosturbanizedstatesof
India.1328.ThesouthernmostpointoftheIndianunionisIndira
point.1329.Inwhichyear,duringtheTsunamiIndirapointgot
submergedundertheseawater?2004.1330.Thereare39LokSabhaseatsinTamilNadu.1331.HowmanytownpanchayatsarethereinTamilNadu?
611.1332.HowmanyvillagepanchayatsarethereinTamil
Nadu?12618.1333.NamethestatebirdofTamilNadu-EmeraldDove.1334.Palm treeisthestatetreeofTamilNadu.1335.Whichoneofthefollowingisthestateflowerof
TamilNadu?Gloriosalily.1336.NilgiriTahristhestateanimalofTamilNadu.1337.ThenumbersofassemblyconstituenciesinTamil
Naduare234.1338.ThenumbersofCityCorporationsinTamilNaduare
10.1339.KalvarayanhillislocatedinEasternGhats.1340.DoddabettaisthehighestpeakinTamilNadu.1341.TheriverChittarisanimportanttributaryof
TamirabaraniRiver.1342.ThelongestriverflowinginTamilNaduisKaveri.1343.TheNoyyalandtheAmaravathiaretributariesof
Kaveri.1344.‘GeographicallyTamilNadumaybedividedinto4
physicaldivisions.1345.TheWesternGhatsentersthestatethroughthe
Nilgirisdistrict.1346.TheWesternGhatsandtheEasternGhatsmeetat
NilgiriHills.1347.VarshanaduisintheSouthofthePalanihills.1348.TheGreenvalleyofTamilNaduisKambam valley.1349.GingeehillsarelocatedinThiruvannamalaidistrict.1350.Agaram isatributaryofPalar.1351.TheriverKollidam branchesofffrom Kaveriat
GrandAnaicut.1352.KothaiyarriverislocatedinKanyakumari.1353.TamilNaduisboundedbyBayofBengal.1354.MukuruthiisapeaklocatedintheWesternGhats.1355.DoddabettaisthehighestpeakofTamilNadu.1356.VarshanaduandAndipatihillsrunparalleltothe
Cardamom hills.1357.InSalem districtShervarayanhillsarelocated.1358.ThehighesthillofEasternGhatsisChitteri.1359.ThehighesthillofWesternGhatsisAnaimalai.1360.TheBramahalplateauislocatedinDharmapuri.1361.TheBramahalplateaumergeswiththeMysore
plateauintheWest.1362.OneoftheisolatedhillslocatedinErodein
Chennimalai.1363.Marinabeachextendsuptoadistanceof13km.1364.TheKavari,theKollidam andtheVellarjointlydrain
thecentralpartofTamilNadu.1365.SuruliyarRiverdrainsapartofMaduraidistrict.1366.TamilNaduhasTropicalclimate.1367.Tropicalcyclonesoccurduringthemonthof
November.1368.TeakandEbonybelongtoTropicalevergreenforest.1369.TamilNadureceivesmoderaterainfallduring
southwestmonsoonseason.1370.NortheastmonsoonwindsblowduringOctoberto
Novembermonths.
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1371.MangroveforestisfoundinVedaranyam.1372.Thetreesofdeciduousforestshedtheirleaves
duringdryseason.1373.AgniNakshatram referstothehottestpartofthe
summerseason.1374.Theaveragehumidityoftheairisabout68%inthe
monthofMayinTamilNadu.1375.ThewesternpartsofTamilNadureceiveabout
150cm rainfallfrom thesouthwestmonsoon.1376.Duringthenortheastmonsoonseasontheamount
ofrainfalldecreasesfrom Easttowest.1377.ThedistrictKanyakumarigetsrainfallfrom allthe
rainyseasons.1378.TamilNaduhasonly17%ofitslandunderforest.1379.JavadihillsarenotedforFruits.1380.RubberplantationsarelocatedinKanyakumari.1381.ThehardwoodpaddockisfoundinMonsoonforests.1382.Thestateoftheatmosphereoveranareatany
particularpointoftimeiscalledweather.1383.TheverticalraysofthesunfallonTamilNadutwice
inayear.1384.Theweatherrecordingstationofthecoastalregions
islocatedatChennai.1385.TheweatherrecordingstationatVellorerecordsthe
weatherofinteriorplains.1386.TherelativehumidityinTamilNaduisfoundtobe
highinwinterseason.1387.TherateofevaporationismoreinsummerinTamil
Nadu.1388.TheSouthwestmonsoongivesraintothedistrictof
Kanyakumari.1389.CyclonicRainfalloccursinthemonthofNovember.1390.ThedistrictofTamilNadu1391.GermanyandItalybecameunifiedcountriesin1870.1392.Agreatdemandfortherawmaterialswascreated
byIndustrialRevolution.1393.Thepolicyofimperialism followedbytheEuropean
countriesfrom 1870-1945wasknownasNewimperialism.
1394.ChinawaspoliticallyindependentundertheManchurule.
1395.ThemovementofgoodswasspeededupbythedevelopmentofWaterways.
1396.The‘SphereofInfluence’wasadoptedbytheEuropeancountriesinPersia.
1397.TheEnglishEastIndiaCompanywasformedin1600.
1398.TheFrenchEastIndiaCompanyestablishedbyColbert.
1399.ThesecondOpium warcametoanendbytheTreatyofPeking.
1400.ThepolicyformulatedbyEnglandandUSAforChinawasOpenDoorpolicy.
1401.TheMughalemperorwhogavepermissiontoEnglishEastIndiaCompanytosetuptradingpostatSuratwasJahangir.
1402.TheRepublicofChinawasestablishedunderDr.SunYatSen.
1403.Theterm Imperialism denotescontrolbyacountryoverthepoliticalandeconomiclifeofanothercountry.
1404.GermanyandItalybecameunifiedcountriesin1870.1405.Thepolicyofimperialism followedbytheEuropean
countriesfrom 1870-1945wasknownasNewimperialism.
1406.ThepolicyadoptedbyEuropeannationsfrom 1492to1763iscalledImperialism.
1407.Oneamongthecountriesthatestablishedcoloniesduringcolonialism wasSpain.
1408.TheEuropeancountrieswereinvolvedmoreinwarsandunificationmovementsduring1763-1870.
1409.AgreatdemandfortherawmaterialswascreatedbyIndustrialRevolution.
1410.ThemovementofgoodswasspeededupbythedevelopmentofWaterways.
1411.The‘SphereofInfluence’wasadoptedbytheEuropeancountriesinPersia.
1412.Britishimperialism wasestablishedinIndia.1413.TheEuropeanandAmericancountriesimposed
economicimperialism onChina.1414.Thenationthatfeltthatitwasessentialtohave
coloniestoruletheworldwasBritain.1415.TheFrenchEastIndiaCompanywasestablishedin
theyear1664.1416.ColbertwasaministerintheCabinetofKingLouis
XIV.1417.TheCarnaticwarsrepresentedthestrugglefor
powerintheDeccanbetweentheEnglishandtheFrench.
1418.TheBritishestablishedtheirsupremacyinBengalafterTheBattleofBuxar.
1419.TheFrenchEastIndiaCompanywasformedintheyear1664byColbert.
1420.Thesystem ofSubsidiaryAlliancewasintroducedbyLordWellesley.
1421.ThepolicythatDalhousieintroducedtoannexmanystatesinIndiawasheDoctrineofLapse.
1422.IndiansrevoltedagainsttheBritishruleforthefirsttimeintheyear1857.
1423.TheProclamationthatendedtheEnglishEastIndiaCompanyinIndiawascalledQueenVictoria’sProclamation.
1424.TheManchuKingsconqueredChinaintheyear1644.
1425.TheManchuKingscontinuedtoruleChinatill1912.1426.TheoccupationthatChineseconsideredinferior
wastrading.1427.TheEuropeanswerenotfavouredbytheChinese
becausetheyrefusedtoacceptChineseculture.1428.ThefirstEuropeantraderstoreachChinawere
Portuguese.1429.ThePortuguesereachedChinaintheyear1516.1430.TheManchuKingsrestrictedtheforeigntradein
ChinatothecityofCanton.1431.TheEuropeanssmuggledOpium intoChina.1432.ThemainEuropeantraderswithChinesewerethe
British.1433.TheothernamefortheOpium WarsisTheAnglo-
ChineseWar.1434.TheFirstOpium Warwasfoughtintheyear1840.1435.Asperthe‘TreatyofNanking’Britainreceivedthe
cityofHongkong.1436.ThecombinedEuropeanpowersdefeatedChinain
theyear1856.1437.Opium tradeinChinawaslegalizedaftertheSecond
Opium War.1438.TheTaipingRebelliontookplaceinChinaintheyear
1854.1439.TheFirstSino-Japanesewartookplaceintheyear
1894.1440.AftertheSino-JapanesewarChinagaveawaythe
IslandofFormosatoJapan.1441.TheEmpressTzuHiswasalsoknownasOld
Buddha.1442.TheBoxerRebellionwasleadbyEmpressTzuHsi.1443.TheIndustrialRevolutionleadtoEconomic
Imperialism.1444.Thetwocontinentsthatcontainedmostoftheraw
materialswereAfrica&Asia.1445.ThepolicyadoptedbytheEuropeannationsfrom
1492-1763iscalledImperialism.1446.Oneamongthecountriesthatestablishedcolonies
duringcolonialism wasSpain.1447.TheEuropeancountrieswereinvolvedmoreinwars
andunificationmovementsduring1763-1870.1448.Thepolicyofimperialism followedbytheEuropean
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countriesduring1870-1945isknownasnewimperialism.
1449.ThenationsthatjoinedtheEuropeannationsinthecolonialracewereAmericaandJapan.
1450.Britishimperialism wasestablishedinIndia.1451.TherevolutioninEuropethatledtotheeconomic
imperialism wastheIndustrialRevolution.1452.TheEuropeanandAmericancountriesimposed
economicimperialism onChina.1453.TheneedofRawmaterialswascreatedbythe
Industrialrevolution.1454.TheMughalEmperorJahangirgavepermissionfor
theEnglishtotradeinIndia.1455.TheEnglishEastIndiaCompanywasformedinthe
year1600.1456.TheBritishestablishedtheirsupremacyinBengal
afterthebattleofBuxar.1457.TheFrenchEastIndiaCompanywasformedby
Colbert.1458.TheFrenchEastIndiaCompanywasestablishedin
theyear1664.1459.Thesystem ofSubsidiaryAlliancewasintroduced
byLordWellesley.1460.TheEnglishEastIndiaCompanyruleendedinIndia
intheyear1858.1461.ColbertwasaministerintheCabinetofKingLouis
XIV.1462.TheCarnaticwarsrepresentedthestrugglefor
powerintheDeccanbetweentheEnglishandtheFrench.
1463.ThepolicythatDalhousieintroducedtoannexmanystatesinIndiawastheSubsidiaryAlliance.
1464.IndiansrevoltedagainsttheBritishruleforthefirsttimeintheyear1857.
1465.TheEnglishEastIndiaCompanyruleendedinIndiaintheyear1858.
1466.TheproclamationthatendedtheEnglishEastIndiaCompanyinIndiawascalledQueenVictoria’sProclamation.
1467.TheManchuKingsconqueredChinaintheyear1644.
1468.In1516,thePortuguesereachedChinaandestablishedtradingpost.
1469.TheManchukingsrestrictedtheforeigntradeinChinatothecityofCanton.
1470.TheFirstOpium Warwasfoughtintheyear1840.1471.AspertheTreatyofNankingBritainreceivedthecity
ofKongkong.1472.TheTaipingRebelliontookplaceintheyear1854.1473.AftertheSino-JapanesewarChinagaveawaythe
FormosaIslandtoJapan.1474.TheEmpressTzu-HiswasalsoknownasOld
Buddha.1475.TheRepublicofChinawasestablishedunderDr.
SunYatSen.1476.TheSecondOpium WarforcedChinatolegalisethe
importofOpium.1477.ThedynastythatruledChinawastheManchu
Dynasty.1478.TheEuropeanssmuggledOpium intoChina.1479.TheothernameofOpium WarsisTheAnglo-
ChineseWar.1480.ThePolicythattheUSAandEnglandformedin
ChinaisknownasOpenDoorPolicy.1481.TheOldChinaconsistedofFiveregions.1482.ThedynastythatruledChinawastheManchu
dynasty.1483.TheManchukingscontinuedtoruleChinatill1912.1484.TheoccupationthatChineseconsideredinferior
wastrading.1485.TheEuropeanswerenotfavouredbytheChinese
becausetheyrefusedtoacceptChineseculture.1486.ThePortuguesereachedChinaintheyear1516.
1487.TheEuropeanssmuggledOpium intoChina.1488.ThemainEuropeantraderswithChinesewerethe
British.1489.TheothernameofOpium WarisTheAnglo-Chinese
war.1490.ThecombinedEuropeanpowersdefeatedChinain
theyear1856.1491.Opium tradeinChinawaslegalizedaftertheSecond
Opium war.1492.TheBoxerRebellioninChinawasledbyEmpress
Tzu-Hsi.1493.Germanyalonewascompetenttorulethewhole
world’saidbyKaiserWilliam II.1494.KaiserWilliam IIstationedafleetatHeligoland.1495.FrancewantedtogetbackAlsaceandLorraine.1496.AustriancrownprincewasFrancisFerdinand.
1497.AustriadeclaredwaronSerbiaon28thJuly1914.1498.GermanyinvadedFrancebycrossingBelgium.1499.TurkeyextendedhersupporttotheCentralpowers.1500.ThisexpeditionwasanutterfailurefortheBritish.1501.ThefamousAmericanmerchantshipsunkby
GermanywasLusitania.1502.InRussiatheCzaristgovernmentwasoverthrown
byLenin.1503.Germanbattlecruisewasdestroyedinthebattleof
DoggerBank.1504.GermanysuedforpeaceonNov.11,1918.1505.TheFirstWorldWarcametoanendbytheParis
PeaceConference.1506.TheLeagueofNationswasofficiallyfoundedin
Jan.20,1920.1507.TheTripleAlliancewasconcludedbetween
GermanyAustria-HungaryandItaly.1508.BismarkwastheChancellorofGermany.1509.TheFirstBalkanWarendedin1912.1510.BritainjoinedtheDualAlliancein1907.1511.ThevictoriouspowersmetinParisforpeacetalks.1512.TheEntenteCordialewasformedbetweenEngland
andFrance.1513.TheGermanarmyunderVonMackensencrushed
theRussianforcesatTannenburg.1514.RussiaconcludedthetreatyofBrest-Litovskwith
Germany.1515.TheDardanelleslinkedtheMediterraneanseawith
SeaofMarmosa.1516.TheTreatyofGermainewasconcludedwithAustria.1517.TheFirstWorldWarbeganintheyear1914.1518.TheFirstWorldWarlastedforaperiodof4years.1519.Thesystem ofsecretalliancewasfollowedafterthe
Franco-Prussianwar.1520.TheTripleAlliancewasformedin1882underthe
leadershipofBismarck.1521.Germany,Austria-HungaryandItalyformedthe
TripleAllianceintheyear1882.1522.FranceandRussiaformedtheDualallianceinthe
year1895.1523.Thesystem ofallianceformedbyFranceandBritain
wascalledEntenteCordiale.1524.EntenteCordialelaidthefoundationforAnglo-
Frenchfriendship.1525.KaiserWilliam IIwasthekingofGermany.1526.In1907BritainjoinedtheDualAlliance.1527.Freedom ofcommercetoallnationswasaimedat
givingindependencetoMorocco.1528.Thenationthatmadeitcompulsoryforallits
citizenstoserveinthearmyfortwoyearswasFrance.
1529.AccordingtoEntenteCordiale,FrancerecognizedtheBritainoccupationofEgypt.
1530.KaiserWilliam IIvisitedTangiertheMoroccanharbor.
1531.TheAgadircrisistookplaceintheyear1911.
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1532.ThesickmanofEuropewasTurkey.1533.Moroccogotfreedom ofcommercetoallthe
nationsbytheInternationalconferenceatAlgecirasin1906.
1534.TheFirstBalkanwarendedwiththeTreatyofLondontreaty.
1535.ThegreatestgainerintheSecondBalkanwarwasSerbia.
1536.AgadirwasaMoroccanport.1537.KaiserWilliam IIdidnotlikeFrenchtroopsin
Morocco.1538.FrenchoccupiedMoroccoonthepleaofserious
internaldisorder.1539.England’sdeclarationofsupporttoFranceforced
Germanwithdrawalfrom Morocco.1540.OttomanEmpirewasruledbyTurkishSultan.1541.AustriaannexedBosniaandHerzegovinain1908.1542.Austria’sannexationofBosniawassupposedby
Germany.1543.ItalydeclaredwaronTurkeyin1911.1544.ItalyannexedTripoliinNorthAfrica.1545.ChristainstatesinPeninsuladeclaredwaronTurkey
in1912.1546.TheAustrianPrinceandhiswifeweremurderedat
Sarajevo1547.SarajevowasthecapitalofBosnia.1548.WhenAustriadeclaredwaronSerbia,thecountry
thatofferedhelptoSerbiawas Russia.1549.WhenRussiasupportedthecauseofSerbia,the
nationthatdeclaredwaronRussiawasgermany.1550.Austriancrownprinceandhiswifeweremurdered
byaSerbianladon28thJune1914.1551.ThenationsofEuropeagreedtopreservethe
neutralityofBelgium bytheTreatyofLondon.1552.GermanyviolatedtheTreatyofLondonand
conqueredBelgium.1553.ItalyenteredtheFirstWorldWarintheyear1915.1554.IntheFirstWorldWar,GermanyandAustriawere
calledCentralPowers.1555.TheairshipscalledZeppelinwerethespecial
featuresoftheFirstWorldWar.1556.ThestraitthatlinkedtheMediterraneanSeawiththe
SeaofMarmorawasPalkStrait.1557.AGermanarmyundertheleadershipofdefeateda
RussianarmynearMasurianLakes.1558.RussiakeptherselfoutoftheFirstWorldWarand
concludedtheTreatyofBrestLitovskwithEngland.1559.TheturningpointoftheFirstWorldWarwasBattle
ofMarne.1560.TheBattleofJutlandtookplacein1916.1561.TheBritishsupremacyontheseawasofimmense
helptotheAlliesinthebattleofJutland.1562.AmericaenteredtheFirstWorldWarintheyear
1917.1563.ThecommanderoftheAllieswhogaveacrushing
defeattotheGermanarmyintheSecondBattleofMarnewasGeneralFoch.
1564.ThecommanderoftheAlliedForcewhodefeatedtheTurkishEmpirewasGeneralAllenby.
1565.TheFirstWorldWarcametoanendbytheParisPeaceConferenceof1919.
1566.TheTreatyconcludedwithAustriawascalledTreatyofGermaine.
1567.TheOrganizationestablishedimmediatelyaftertheFirstWorldWarwastheLeagueofNations.
1568.AsperthetreatyofVersailles,GermanyhadtogiveAlsaceandLorrainetoFrance.
1569.ThenewstateofPolandwascreatedwithterritoriestakenfrom Germany,AustriaandNewRussia.
1570.AsaresultoftheFirstWorldWarthecountryseparatedfrom AustriawasHungary.
1571.Serbiatransformedintobiggernationcalled
Yugoslavia.1572.PartsofAustriaandHungaryweremergedtocreate
anewnationcalledCzechoslovakia.1573.ThetreatyofVersaillesabolishedMonarchyin
Germany,AustriaandRussia.1574.AsaresultofFirstWorldWartheCovenantof
LeagueofNationswasdrawnup.1575.TheLeagueofNationshaditsheadquartersin
GenevainSwitzerland.1576.TheLeagueofNationsavertedawarbetween
GreeceandBulgariain1925.1577.IntheLeagueofNationstherewere42membersin
thebeginning.1578.TheLeagueofNationsservedasapredecessorto
theUNO.1579.TheLeagueofNationssettledaborderdispute
betweenIraqandTurkey.1580.TheLeaguecouldnottakeagainstJapanwhenit
invadedManchuriain1931.1581.ThemaincauseforthefailureoftheLeaguewas
theBigpowerfailedher.1582.TheFirstWorldWarbeganintheyear1914.1583.BismarckwastheChancellorofGermany.1584.ThefirstBalkanwarendedintheyear1913.1585.RussiaconcludedthetreatyofBrest-Litovaskwith
Germany.1586.TripleAlliancewasformedintheyear1882.1587.EntenteCordialelaidthefoundationforAnglo-
Frenchfriendship.1588.ExtenteCordialewasformedintheyear1904.1589.BritainjoinedtheDualAllianceintheyear1907.1590.KaiserWilliam IIvisitedTangiertheMorocanharbor.1591.TheAgadircrisistookplaceintheyear1911.1592.ThesickmanofEuropewasTurkey.1593.AustriaannexedBosniaandHerzegovinain1908.1594.TheRusso-Japanesewartookplaceintheyear
1905.1595.ThefirstBalkanwarendedwithTreatyofLondon.1596.FrancesFerdinandwasthecrownprinceofAustria.1597.SerajevowasthecapitalofBosnia.1598.GermanyandAustriawerecalledtheCentral
Powers.1599.ThebattleofJutlandtookplaceintheyear1916.1600.TheFirstWorldWarcametoanendwithParis
PeaceConference.1601.AsaresultoftheFirstWorldWarthecountry
separatedfrom AustriawasHungary.1602.TheGreatEconomicDepressionbeganinU.S.A1603.In1919,theAmericanPresidentwasHerbertHoover.1604.TheGreatestcrazeinAmericawasSharemarket.1605.FDRooseveltassumedofficeonMarch4,1933.1606.TherewerenormaleconomicactivitiesintheUSA
by1940.1607.TennesseeValleyAuthoritycovered40,000sq.
miles.1608.TheSecurityExchangeActwaspassedin1934.1609.InOctober1929,thesharemarketcrashed.1610.TheNewDealpolicywasintroducedbyPresident
FranklinD.Roosevelt1611.TheGreatDepressionintheUSAoccurredduring
thetimeofPresidentHerbertHoover.1612.HerbertHooverbecamethePresidentoftheUSAin
theyearMarch,1929.1613.In1919UnitedStatesseemedtoassumethemantle
ofleadership.1614.HerbertHoverbelievedinprivateenterprisesonly.1615.Theimmediatecauseforthefallofthestock
marketwasthatpeopleboughtsharesonborrowedmoney.
1616.OneoftheimportantcausesforthefallofthestockmarketwasthatAmericaoverproducedgoods.
1617.TheremedialmeasuretakenbyPresidentHooverwassettingupofReconstructionFinance
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Corporation.1618.TheReconstructionFinanceCorporationwassetup
intheyear1932.1619.FranklinD.RooseveltwontheUnitedStatesof
America’sPresidentialelectionsheldin1932.1620.TheTennesseeValleyAuthoritywasstartedinthe
year1933.1621.ThegreatestachievementofFDRwasthathe
changedtheoutlookofAmericans.1622.FranklinD.RooseveltwaspopularlyknownasFDR.1623.‘Ipledgeyou,IpledgemyselfaNewDealforthe
Americans’.ThispromisewasgivenbyFranklinD.Roosevelt.
1624.EmergencyBankingActwaspassedtorevivethebanks.
1625.TheReconstructionadvancedfundstoaffectedbanksinAmerica.
1626.ThesecurityExchangeActof1934issuedlicensestostockexchanges.
1627.TheNationalIndustrialRecoveryActpermittedbusinessmentofixpricesandproductionquotas.
1628.TheworkerswerepaidfairwagesaftertheimplementationofNationalIndustrialAct.
1629.TheCongresspassedAgriculturalAdjustmentActtoimprovetheplightoffarmers.
1630.TheTennesseeValleyAuthoritytransformedavastregiontoagriculture.
1631.TheUShasbecomesynonymouswithreform,throughouttheworld.
1632.NewDealPolicywasintroducedbyPresidentRoosevelt.
1633.ThePresidentoftheUSAin1929wasHerbertHoover.
1634.HerbertHooverbelievedinprivateenterprisesonly.1635.ThegreatestcrazeamongAmericansduringthe
presidencyofHerbertHooverwasStockMarket.1636.ThestockmarketcrashedinOctober1929.1637.TheAmericanGovernmentimposedheavydutieson
exports.1638.TheNewDeallegislationwasoftwotypes.1639.ThefirsttypeofNewDeallegislationwastorelieve
thosewhosufferedfrom Depression.1640.ThesecondtypeofNewDeallegislationwasto
placeAmericaneconomyonitslegs.1641.Sevenstatesweregiventheopportunitytobuildand
operatedamsinTennesseevalley.1642.TheTennesseeValleyAuthoritywasstartedin1933.1643.TheTreasurywasgivenpowertounearththe
hoardedmoney.1644.Thestockexchangeswereexpectedtocooperate
withFederalReserveBoard.1645.FDR’srecoverymeasuresweregeareduptowards
buildinguptheinternalrelationship.1646.Americahadrecoveredhereconomyin1940.1647.ThefounderoftheFascistPartywasBenito
Mussolini.1648.MussoliniorganizedtheNationalFascistPartyin
Nov.1921.1649.MussoliniprovidedaStablegovernment.1650.Thegreatreliefwasprovidedtotheworkersby
CharterofLabour.1651.MussolinimadecommoncausewithHitler.1652.MussolinilefttheLeagueofNationsin1931.1653.TheconfusionandunrestthatprevailedinItaly
pavedthewayforBenitoMussolinitocapturepower.
1654.BenitoMussoliniwasbornintheyear1883.1655.DuringtheFirstWorldWarMussoliniservedas
soldierinItalianArmy.1656.Mussoilini’sfatherwasablacksmith.1657.ThemembersoftheNationalFascistsPartywere
alsoknownasBlackShirts.1658.Everythingwithinthestate,nothingagainstthestate,
nothingoutsidethestatewasthemottoofFascism.1659.InItaly,Fascism setupatotalitarianism state.1660.MussolinimarchedonRomeandestablished
Fascistdictatorship.1661.When-MussolinimarchedonRome,thekingofItaly
wasVictorEmmanuelIII.1662.Fascism wasstartedinItalymainlyasanti
Communist.1663.Mussoliniwantedtorevivetheancientgloryofthe
RomanEmpire.1664.MussoliniwantedtomakeMediterraneanSeainto
anItalianlake.1665.Mussolini’ssecretpoliceasknownasOVRA.1666.ThefollowersofMussolinicalledhim Duce.1667.“Believe,obeyandfight”werethewatchwordsof
Blackshirts.1668.ThepowerlesskingofItalywasVictorEmmanuelII.1669.MussoliniforcedVictorEmmanuelIIItohandover
thegovernment.1670.ThelongstandingdisputebetweenthePapcyand
ItalianGovernmentwassolvedthroughTheLateranTreaty.
1671.AspertheLateranTreatyof1929,MussolinirecognizedthesovereigntyofPopeinVaticancity.
1672.Fascism believedinonepartyrule.1673.PresswascensoredduringtheregimeofMussolini.1674.UnderMussolinipubliclibertywascurtailed.1675.PoliticalpartiesotherthanFascism werebannedin
Italy.1676.MussoliniorganizedItalyonastrongeconomic
basis.1677.Industriesflourishedunderthefosteringcareofthe
stategovernmentinItaly.1678.Mussoliniunderlookmanyworksofpublicutility.1679.Mussolinireclaimedalotofwastelandsfor
cultivation.1680.MussolinieradicatedilliteracyandmadeItalystrong
financiallyprosperouswithinthreeyears.1681.After1930Mussolinifollowedaggressivepolicy.1682.MussoliniinvadedAbyssinia.1683.MussoliniformedtheRome-Berlin-Tokyoaxis.1684.IntheSecondWorldWarMussolinijoinedhands
withHitlerandcapturedmanyplaces.1685.MussoliniwasshotdeadbyanItalianmobinthe
year1945.1686.BenitoMussolinimarchedinRomeonOct.301922.1687.MussoliniwasshotdeadbyanItalianmob.1688.MussolinicapturedAlbaniain1939.1689.In1941,ItalylostitsterritoriesinAfrica.1690.ThefounderoftheFascistpartywasBenito
Mussolini.1691.MussoliniorganizedtheNationalFascistPartyin
theyear1922.1692.MussolinimarchedonRomeonOct.30,1922.1693.Socialism gainedpopularityasinflationandsocial
unrestincreasedinItaly.1694.TheconfusionandsocialunrestprevailinginItaly
pavedthewayforBenitoMussolini.1695.MussoliniwasbornintheYear1883.1696.Mussolini’sfatherwasablacksmith.1697.Mussoliniservedassoldier.1698.MussolinistartedtheNationalFascistPartyin1919.1699.Mussolini’sfollowerswerecalledBlackShirts.1700.‘Believe,obeyandfightwerethewatchwordsof
blackshirts.1701.MussoliniforcedVictorEmmanuelIIItohandover
thegovernment.1702.Totalitarianwasstartedmainlyasananti-
communistmovement.1703.Fascism setupaTotalitarianstate.1704.“Everythingwithinthestate,nothingagainstthe
stateandnothingoutsidethestatewasthemottoofFascism.
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1705.MussoliniwantedtorevivetheancientgloriesRomanEmpire.
1706.MussoliniwantedtomaketheMediterraneanSeaanItalianlake.
1707.Fascism believedinonepartyrule.1708.Mussolini’ssecretpolicewasknownasOvra.1709.MussoliniwascalledDucebyhisfollowers.1710.TheLaterantreatywassignedintheyear1929.1711.MussolinirecognizedtheSovereigntyofPopeinthe
VaticanCity.1712.Mussolinifollowedanaggressivepolicyafter1930.1713.MussoliniinvadedAbyssinia.1714.MussoliniwasshotdeadbyItalianmob.1715.Ademocraticconstitutionwiththefederalstructure
wasestablishedbyaNationalAssemblymetatWeimer.
1716.TheAlliedarmiesoccupiedresourcesrichRhineland.1717.Hitler’santi-Semiticism grewtotheextentofkilling
theJews.1718.ForsometimeHitlerwasaPainter.1719.In1941,HitlerinvadedRussia.1720.TheAlliesstrengthenedbytheentryofAmerica.1721.By1933Hitler’spartybecamethesinglelargest
party.1722.Hitlerfeltthattheplaceofwomenwasinthe
kitchen.1723.HitlerwasasonofaCustomsofficial.1724.IntheFirstWorldWarHitlerservedGermanyinthe
capacityofaSoldier.1725.HitlerwasanexcellentOrator.1726.HitlerorganizedtheNaziparty.1727.NazipartywascalledNationalSocialistparty.1728.Hitlertriedtocapturepowerin1923.1729.Hitlerwasjailedforfiveyears.1730.HitlerwrotethebookMeinKampfduringhisterm in
jail.1731.TheNazipartybecamethelargestpartyinGermany
Reichtagin1933.1732.ThebiblefortheNaziswasMeinKampf.1733.ThesymbolofNazipartywasSwastika.1734.HitlerbecametheChancellorofGermanybywinning
thelargestnumberofvotesintheelectionsin1933.1735.Hindenburg,thePresidentofGermanydiedinthe
year1934.1736.ThefollowersofHitlerwereknownasBrownShirts.1737.HitlerabolishedtheWeimerRepublic.1738.HitlerproclaimedtheThirdReich(thirdEmpire)with
himselfasdictator.1739.HitlerwascalledasFuhrerbyhisfollowers.1740.Onepeople,onestate,oneleaderwasdeclaredby
Hitler.1741.Nazisglorifiedthestate.1742.HitlerboastedthesuperiorityoftheNordicrace.1743.HitlerwantedchildrentobetrainedinNazicult.1744.Hitler’ssecretpolicewasknownasGestapo.1745.Hitleroutlaweddemocrats.1746.Hitlerreplacedthetradeunions.1747.HitlerannexedAlbaniain1938.1748.TheattempttocapturepowerbyHitlerin1923is
knownasBeerHallRevolution.1749.TheLowerHouseoftheGermanParliamentis
knownasReichstag.1750.HitlerpulledGermanyoutoftheLeagueofNations
in1933.1751.In1936,HitlerreoccupiedRhineland.1752.HitlerviolatedtheLocarnotreatyof1925.1753.In1937HitlerformedanAlliancewithItalyand
JapanknownasRome-Berlin-TokyoAxis.1754.In1939,HitlerviolatedMunichagreementby
annexingCzechoslovakia.1755.Hitlerdemandedtherighttoconstructamilitary
roadconnectingEastPrussiawithGermany.1756.HitlerdemandedthesurrenderofDanzig.
1757.In1941,HitlerinvadedRussiabreakingtheRhinelandpactwithStalin.
1758.TheSecondWorldWarendedwiththedeathofHitler.
1759.AdemocraticconstitutionwiththefederalstructurewasestablishedbyaNationalAssemblymetatWeimer.
1760.TheAlliedarmiesoccupiedresourcesrichRhineland.1761.ForsometimeHitlerwasaPainter.1762.Hitler’santi-Semitism grewtotheextentofkilling
theJews.1763.BY1933Hitler’spartybecamethesinglelargest
party.1764.HitlerannexedAustriain1938.1765.ThebibleoftheNaziswasMeinKampf.1766.ThepartysymbolofNazipartywasSwastika.1767.ThefollowersofHitlerwereknownasBrownShirts.1768.In1934,HitlerabolishedtheWeimarRepublicand
proclaimedhimselfasThirdReich.1769.‘Onepeople,onestate,oneleader’wasthe
watchwordofHitler.1770.ThesecretpoliceofHitlerwascalledGestapo.1771.HitlerboastedsuperiorityoftheNordicrace.1772.HitlerannexedAustriaintheyear1938.1773.ChamberlainpreventedtheSudetenlandaffair
blowingintoaglobalwar.1774.TheinvasionthatstartedHitler’sdownfallwas
invasionofRussia.1775.Hitleroutlawedstrikes.1776.HitlerreplacedthetradeunionswithLabourFront.1777.ThistreatycontainstheseedsoftheSecondWorld
WarTreatyofVersailles.1778.ThecoalminesgiventoFrancewereSaar.1779.ThecountryemergedasaWorldPowerafterthe
FirstWorldWarwasJapan.1780.Theprincipleofwarandconquestswasglorifiedby
Dictators.1781.InSeptember1938Hitlerthreatenedawaron
Czechoslovakia.1782.HitlerdemandedthesurrenderofDanzig.1783.BlitzkriegmeansaLighteningattack.1784.TheBritishPrimeMinisterduringtheSecondWorld
WarwasSirWinstonChurchill.1785.HitlersignedtheNon-AggressionPactwithStalin.1786.TheFirstWorldWarbroughtdeathanddestruction
onaverylargescale.1787.Withinaspanoftwentyyearsafterthetreatyof
Versailles,theSecondWorldWarbrokeout.1788.TheunjustnatureoftheTreatyofVersailles
dissatisfiedGermany.1789.Germanywascutintotwopartsbythe
establishmentofthePolishCorridor.1790.Germanywaswaitingforanopportunitytoshowher
Strength.1791.AttheendoftheFirstWorldWarLeagueofNations
organizationwassetup.1792.AlmostallthenationstriedtousetheLeagueof
Nationstosolvepersonalends.1793.TheLeagueofNationscouldnotcheckinvasionof
ManchuriabyJapan.1794.TheLeagueofNationsremainedasilentobserver
whenItalycapturedEthiopia.1795.TheLeagueofNationsfailedtocheckthe
aggressiveactsofAdolfHitler.1796.AprovisionwasmadeintheCharteroftheLeague
ofNationstopunishaggressiveactsofanynationbystoppingeconomicsanctionstothatnation.
1797.ThepurposeoftheLeagueofNationswaslostwiththeoutbreakoftheSecondWorldWar.
1798.TheoutbreakoftheSecondWorldWarnullifiedtheexistenceoftheLeagueofNations.
1799.TheAsianpowerthatbecamemoreambitiousduringtheFirstWorldWarwasJapan.
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1800.JapanraisedthepositionofanimperialpowerbyincreasingherMilitarypower.
1801.ThecountrythatwasamemberofRome-Berlin-TokyoAxiswasJapan.
1802.TheriseofDictatorshipinEuropewasoneofthemaincausesfortheSecondWorldWar.
1803.ThecountrythatbelievedindictatorshipwasGermany.
1804.After1919,thecountrythatfollowedthepolicyofaloofnessinEuropeanpoliticswasGreatBritain.
1805.FearingGerman’sattack,Francesoughtguaranteesfrom BritainandUSA
1806.EuropeannationswerealwaysonthelookoutforcoloniesinAsiaandAfrica.
1807.TheaggressiveactionsofAdolfHitlerculminatedintheSecondWorldWar.
1808.Britain,Germany,ItalyandFranceagreedtomaintainFranco-GermanborderasperLocarnoTreaty.
1809.InviolationoftheLocarnoTreaty,HitlermarchedintoRhinelandin1936.
1810.Aglobalwarwasavertedin1938duetotheeffortsofNevilleChamberlain.
1811.HitlerannexedthewholeofCzechoslovakiaviolatingLocarnoTreaty.
1812.Asperthetreatysignedin1939betweenGermanyandRussia,HitlerpromisedtogiveRussiaafreehandintheBalticStates.
1813.Hitlerdemandedfrom Polandtherighttoconstructmilitaryroad.
1814.HitleroccupiedPolandonSep.1,1939.1815.TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutonSep.1,1939.1816.HitlermadeasuddenattackonPoland,knownas
Blitzkreig.1817.PolandwaspartitionedbetweenGermanyand
Russia.1818.FrancesurrenderedtoGermanyinJune1940.1819.ApuppetgovernmentwassetupinFranceunderthe
leadershipofMarshallPetain.1820.ItalyjoinedtheWorldwarafterGermanydefeated
France.1821.Hitler’sAirforceisknownasLuftwaffe.1822.DuringthemonthsofAugustandSeptemberin
1941HitlerbombedLondoncityinEurope.1823.Between1941and1943Africawasthetheatrefor
manybattles.1824.TripoliwascapturedbyGeneralMontgomery.1825.GermanyandRussiaquarreledoverclaimsof
Balkans.1826.DuringtheRussiancampaignthedefeatedGerman
armyreachedStalingradandbesiegeditforfivemonths.
1827.AmericaandGreatBritainconcludedtheAtlanticCharteronboardabattleshipin1941.
1828.TheJapaneseairforcebombedtheAmericanfleetstationedatthePearlharborinDec.1941
1829.In1940HitlerbroughtRumaniaunderhiscontrol.1830.HitlersentanarmytohelpItaly.1831.ThescorchedEarthPolicywasadoptedbyRussia.1832.JapaninvadedBurmaandcapturedRangoonand
threatenedtoinvadeIndia.1833.InJune1944abigAmericanandBritishforces
landedinNormandy.1834.ThelandingofAmericanandBritishforcesin
Normandyisknownastheinvasion.1835.OnMay7,1945Germanysurrendered
unconditionally.1836.TheAlliesservedanultimatum toJapanto
surrender.1837.TheUSAdroppedatom bombonHiroshimaon
Aug.6,1945.1838.TheUSAdroppedatom bombonNagasakionAug.o,
1945.
1839.JapansurrenderedunconditionallytotheAlliesonAug.14.
1840.AsaresultofaSecondWorldWarAmericaandRussiaemergedassuperpowers.
1841.Germanywasdividedinto4zoneseachunderanAlliedpower.
1842.GeneralMcArthurofUSAdisarmedJapanandintroducedaform ofaParliamentarygovernment.
1843.TheSecondWorldWartriggeredfreedommovementsinAsiaandAfrica.
1844.ThetreatyofVersaillescontainedtheseedsoftheSecondWorldWar.
1845.JapaninvadedManchuriaintheyear1931.1846.HitleroccupiedRhinelandin1936.1847.TheGermanAirforcewasknownasLuftwaffe.1848.TheJapaneseAirforcebombedtheAmericanfleet
stationedatPearlHarbour.1849.TheMunichAgreementwassignedbetweenBritain
andGermany.1850.TheunjustnatureofthetreatyofVersailles
dissatisfiedGermany.1851.AspertheTreatyofVersaillesGermanywascutinto
twopartsbyestablishingPolishCorridor.1852.Theorganizationthatwassetupattheendofthe
FirstWorldWarwasLeagueofNations.1853.TheLeagueofNationscouldnotchecktheinvasion
ofManchuriabyJapan.1854.TheLeagueofNationsremainedasilentobserver
whenItalycapturedEthiopia.1855.TheLeagueofNationsfailedtocheckthe
aggressiveactsofAdolfHitler.1856.ThepurposeoftheLeagueofNationswaslostwith
theoutbreakoftheSecondWorldWar.1857.TheAsianpowerthatbecameambitiousduringthe
FirstWorldWarwasJapan.1858.Japanrosetothepositionofanimperialpowerby
increasingherMilitarypower.1859.TheriseofDictatorshipinEuropewasoneofthe
causesfortheSecondWorldWar.1860.Thecountrythatbelievedindictatorshipwas
Germany.1861.Thecountrythatbelievedindemocraticprinciples
wasFrance.1862.After1919,thecountrythatfollowedthepolicyof
aloofnessinEuropeanpoliticswasGreatBritain.1863.Europeannationswerealwaysonthelookoutfor
Colonieswithregardtotheircolonies.1864.MostoftheEuropeanpowerspracticedProtective
TradePolicywithregardtotheircolonies.1865.TheaggressiveactionsofAdolfHitlerculminatedin
theSecondWorldWar.1866.Britain,Germany,ItalyandFranceagreedto
maintainFranco-GermanborderasperLocarnoTreaty.
1867.InviolationoftheLocarnoTreaty,HitlermarchedintoRhinelandin1936.
1868.HitlerannexedAustriain1938.1869.Aglobalwarwasavertedin1938duetotheefforts
ofNevilleChamberlain.1870.HitlerannexedthewholeofCzechoslovakia
violatingMunichAgreement.1871.Asperthetreatysignedin1939betweenGermany
andRussiaHitlerpromisedtogiveRussiaafreehandintheBalticStates.
1872.Hitlerdemandedfrom PolandtherighttoconstructmilitaryroadthroughthePolishcorridor.
1873.HitleroccupiedPolandonSept.1,1939.1874.TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutonSept.3,1939.1875.HitlermadeasuddenattackonPolandknownas
Blitzkreig.1876.PolandwaspartitionedbetweenGermanyand
Russia.1877.FrancesurrenderedtoGermanyinJune1940.
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1878.ApuppetgovernmentwassetupinFranceundertheleadershipofMarshallPetain.
1879.DuringthemonthsofAugustandSeptemberin1941HitlerbombedLondonCityinEurope.
1880.Between1941and1943Africawasthetheatreformanybattles.
1881.TripoliwascapturedbyGeneralMontgomery.1882.GermanyandRussiaquarreledoverclaimsof
Balkans.1883.AmericaandGreatBritainconcludedtheAtlantic
Charteronboardofthebattleshipin1941.1884.TheJapaneseairforcebombedtheAmericanfleet
stationedatthePearlHarborinDecember,1941.1885.In1944thealliedtroopsplannedtheinvasionof
France.1886.InJune1944abigAmericanandBritishforce
landedinNormandy.1887.InMay1945GermanysurrenderedtotheAllies
unconditionally.1888.TheSecondWorldWarcametoanendwiththe
surrenderofJapan.1889.TheSecondWorldWarendedinAug.14,1945.1890.ThecommanderofUSarmywhodisarmedJapan
wasGeneralMcArthur.1891.TheSecondWorldWarwasatriumphfor
Democraticcountries.1892.TheUNOwasestablishedin1945.1893.TheUNCharterwassignedatSanFrancisco.1894.UN’smaindeliberativebodyistheGeneral
Assembly.1895.TheSeatofInternationalCourtofJusticeisatThe
Hague.
1896.TheUnitedNationscelebratedits50thAnniversaryin1995.
1897.TheUNOwassetuptomaintaininternationalpeaceandharmony.
1898.TheCharteroftheUnitedNationswassignedinJune1945.
1899.TheHeadquarteroftheUNOisatNewYork.1900.TheUNOcameintoexistenceonOctober24.1901.TheGeneralAssemblyoftheUNOmeetsonceina
year.1902.VijayalakshmiPanditwaselectedthePresidentof
theGeneralAssemblyin1953.1903.ThenumberofpermanentmembersoftheSecurity
CounciloftheUNOisfive.1904.Thenumberofnonpermanentmemberselectedby
generalassemblyforaterm oftwoyearsofUNOisten.
1905.Avetoisanegativevote.1906.ThepresentSecretaryGeneraloftheUNOisBonki
Moon.1907.TheEconomicandSocialCouncilhas18members.1908.TheInternationalCourtofJusticeconsistsof15
judges.1909.TheUNOplayedavitalroleintheSuezCanalcrisis
of1956.1910.TheUNOmadeFrance,BritainandIsraelto
withdrawtroopsfrom Egypt.1911.ThecharterforUnitedNationswassignedat
Sanfrancisco.1912.EverymemberoftheUNOisamemberofthe
GeneralAssembly.1913.ThemostpowerfulorganoftheUNOisSecurity
Council.1914.ThenumberofpermanentmembersoftheSecurity
CounciloftheUNOisfive.1915.Thenon-permanentmembersoftheSecurity
Councilareelectedforaterm of2years.1916.ThepermanentmembersoftheSecurityCouncil
enjoyaspecialnegativepowercalledVetoPower.1917.Theorganthatcoordinatestheactivitiesofthe
otherorgansoftheUNOistheSecretariat.1918.ThedesignationoftheChiefAdministrativeOfficer
oftheUNOisSecretaryGeneral.1919.ThemembersofEconomicandSocialCouncilof
theUNOareelectedbytheGeneralAssembly.1920.ThemembersoftheInternationalCourtofJustice
areelectedbytheGeneralAssembly.1921.TheUNOinterventionwashelpfulinsolvingthe
SuezCanal.1922.TheUNOappealedtoBritain,FranceandIsraelto
withdrawtheirtroopsfrom Egypt.1923.OneamongthespecializedagenciesoftheUNOis
InternationalLabourOrganization.1924.EuropeanUniontracesitsoriginfrom theECSC.1925.EURATOM wasestablishedbytheTreatyofRome.1926.TheCounciloftheEuropeanUnionissometimes
referredtoastheCouncilofMinisters.1927.TheFirstpermanentPresidentoftheEuropean
CouncilisHermanVanRampay.1928.Eurozonesmonetarypolicyisgovernedby
EuropeanCentralBank.1929.ThenameofthesingleEuropeancurrencyisEuro.1930.TheEUhasestablishedastrongrelationshipwith
theUNO.1931.TheEuropeanCoalandSteelCommunity(ECSC)
wereformedintheyear1951.1932.TheFrenchforeignministerRobertSchuman
proposedtheformationofECSC.1933.TheEECandEURATOM wereestablishedbythe
TreatyofRome.1934.MergerTreatycreatedasinglesetofinstitutionsfor
theEuropeanUnion.1935.TheMottooftheEuropeanUnionisunitedin
Diversity.1936.ThelegislativebodyoftheEuropeanUnionis
EuropeanParliament.1937.ThemembersoftheEuropeanParliamentare
electeddirectlybytheCitizens.1938.ThefirstdirectdemocraticelectionoftheEuropean
Parliamentwasheldintheyear1979.1939.TheEuropeanParliamentmeetsinStrasbourg.1940.ThemembersoftheParliamentareelectedforthe
term of5years.1941.ThekeypoweroftheParliamentisapproving
budget.1942.HermanVanRampay,thefirstpermanentpresident
oftheEUassumedofficeonDecember1,2009.1943.TheproposalsforthenewEuropeanlawsare
draftedandpresentedbytheEuropeanCommission.1944.TheCourtofJusticeoftheEuislocatedin
Luxemburg.1945.CourtofAuditorsmanagestheEUbudgets.1946.TheEuropeanCentralBankisanindependentbody
tomaintainandgoverntheEurozone’smonetarypolicy.
1947.TheEUhasdevelopedasinglemarketthroughastandardizedsystem oflaws.
1948.PermanentdiplomaticmissionsoftheEUareestablishedaroundtheworld.
1949.Euro,theEuropeanCurrencywasputintocirculationonJanuary1,2002.
1950.Europromotesfreetradepolicy.1951.Scientificdevelopmentisfacilitatedthroughthe
EU’sframeworkprogrammers.1952.EuropeanResearchCouncilallocatesfundsto
Europeanresearchprojects.1953.EUisthelargestcontributorofforeignaidinthe
world.1954.TheoriginoftheEuropeanUnionisfrom European
CoalandSteelCommunity(ECSC).1955.EURATOM wasestablishedbytheTreatyofRome.1956.TheCounciloftheEuropeanUnionissometimes
referredtoastheCouncilofMinisters.
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1957.ThefirstpermanentPresidentoftheEuropeanCouncilisHermanVanRampay.
1958.EuroZonesmonetarypolicyisgovernedbyCentralBank.
1959.ThenameofthesingleEuropeancurrencyisEuro.1960.TheEUhasestablishedastrongrelationshipwith
theUNO.1961.TheEuropeanCoalandSteelCommunity(ECSC)
wereformedamongthesixEuropeancountries.1962.RobertSchumanwhoproposedtheformationofthe
ECSCisFrenchForeignMinister.1963.TheEECandtheEURATOM wereestablishedbythe
TreatyofRometreaty.1964.Mergertreatycreatedasinglesetofinstitutionsfor
theEuropeanUnion.1965.TheMottooftheEuropeanUnionisunitedin
Diversity.1966.TheEuropeanParliamentisLegislativebodyofthe
EuropeanUnion.1967.ThemembersoftheEuropeanParliamentare
electeddirectlybytheCitizens.1968.ThefirstdirectdemocraticelectionfortheEuropean
Parliamentwasheldintheyear1979.1969.TheEuropeanParliamentmeetseveryyearin
Strasbourg.1970.ThemembersoftheParliamentareelectedforthe
term of5years.1971.ApprovingbudgetisthekeypoweroftheParliament.1972.ThefirstpermanentPresidentoftheEuropean
UnionHermanVanRampayassumedOfficeonDecember1,2009.
1973.TheproposalsforthenewEuropeanlawsaredraftedandpresentedbytheEuropeanCommission.
1974.TheCourtofJusticeoftheEUislocatedinLuxemburg.
1975.TheCourtofAuditorsmanagesEuropeanBudgets.1976.EuropeanCentralBankisanindependentbodyto
maintainandgoverntheEurozone’smonetarypolicy.1977.TheEuropeanUnionhasdevelopedasinglemarket
throughastandardizedsystem oflaws.1978.EuropeanUnion’sPermanentdiplomaticmissions
areestablishedaroundtheworld.1979.TheEuropeanCurrencyEurowasputintocirculation
onJanuary1,2002.1980.EuropromotesthepolicyofFreetrade.1981.ThroughtheEU’sframeworkprogrammesscientific
developmentisfacilitated.1982.EuropeanResearchCouncilallocatesfundsto
EuropeanresearchProjects.1983.EuropeanUnionisthelargestcontributorofforeign
aidintheworld.1984.TheBritishhistorianscalltherevoltof1857as
Militaryrevolt.1985.Indianhistoriansdescribetherevoltof1857asFirst
WarofIndependence.1986.Duringthegreatrevoltof1857theGovernorGeneral
ofIndiawasLordCanning.1987.Thepeasantshadtopayheavyrevenuetaxes.1988.Resumptionrentfreesystem wasintroducedLord
Bentinck.1989.GeneralServicesEnlistmentActpassedin1856.1990.ThefirstsignofunrestappearedatBarrackpore.1991.ThesepoysbrokeoutintoopenrevoltatMeerut.1992.ThewifeofNawabofOudhwasBegum Hazarat
Mahal.1993.After1857revolttheGovernorGeneralofIndiawas
designatedasViceroyofIndia.1994.The‘DoctrineofLapse’wasthepolicyofannexation
ofLordDalhousie.1995.TheRevoltof1857startedinMeerutandthen
spreadtootherpartsofIndia.1996.TheGreatRevoltof1857isalsoknownasthe
SepoyMutiny.
1997.TheGovernorGeneralwhorefusedtorecognizetheadoptedsonsoftheRajasofNagpur,SataraandJhansiwasLordDalhousie.
1998.ThewifeofNawabofOudhwasBegum HazaratMahal.
1999.TherevoltofKanpurwasledbyNanaSahib.2000.LucknowfellintothehandsoftheEnglishinMarch,
1858.2001.InCentralIndiatheRevoltwasleadbyRaniLakshmi
Bai.2002.ThestateofOudhwasannexedeventhoughits
rulerwasalwaysfaithfultotheBritish.2003.Theintroductionofmachinemadegoodsbythe
Britishdestroyedtheindigenousindustries.2004.TheresumptionofrentfreeestatesbyLord
BentinckinBengalbroughtalotofmoneytothegovernment.
2005.WithaviewtofacilitatetheconversionoftheHindustoChristainitytheHinduLawofPropertywaschanged.
2006.TheGeneralServicesEnlistmentActwasintroducedin1856byLordCanning.
2007.TheIndiansoldiersintheservicesoftheEastIndianCompanywerereluctanttogooverseasbecauseitwasagainsttheirreligion.
2008.ThereplacementofturbanwithleatherhatwasunacceptabletoboththeHindusandMuslimsintheBritisharmy.
2009.ArumourspreadthatthecartridgesinthenewEnfieldRiflesweregreasedwiththefatofcowsandpigs.
2010.TheIndianofficerinthe34thinfantrywhodeadaBritieshofficerwasMangalPandey.
2011.ThecommandingofficeroftheBritisharmyaskedthesepoysinMeeruttoloadtherifleswithcartridges.
2012.ThesepoysofMeerutbrokeopentheprisonandgallopedtheDelhiandbroughtitundertheircontrol.
2013.Thekingdom-lesskingstationedatDelhiwasBahadurShahII.
2014.ThemutineersfounditeasiertocaptureDelhibecausetherewerenoEuropeantroops.
2015.BahadurShahIIwasthelastruleroftheMughalEmpire.
2016.TheEnglishcommanderwhocamefrom PunjabandstormedKashmirGateinDelhiwasJohnNicholson.
2017.TheBritishchargedBahadurShahofrebellionandsenthim toRangoon.
2018.NanaSahibledtherevoltatCawnpore.2019.NanaSahibwasalsoknownasDunduPanth.2020.NanaSahibwastheadoptedsonofPeshwaBaji
RaoII.2021.TheloyalofficerofNanaSahibwasAzimullah.2022.WhenalargecontingentoftheBritisharmyentered
Cawnpore,NanaSahibescapedtoNepal.2023.TheBritishrecapturedCawnporeinthemiddleof
November1857.2024.Begum HazaratMahalofOudhledtherevoltat
Lucknow.2025.Begum HazaratMahaldeclaredin1857thatherson
BirjisKadrastheNawabofOudh.2026.AgreatleaderoftheFaziabadwhosupportedthe
mutineerswasamanullah.2027.TheBritishcommanderkilledduringthesiegeofthe
LucknowResidencywasSirHenryLawrence.2028.TheBritishcommanderswhorecapturedLucknow
ResidencywereColonelHavelockandColonelO’Neill.
2029.ThecitythatfellintothehandsoftheBritishinMarch1858wasLucknow.
2030.ThecommanderoftheBritisharmywhoadvancedform BombayandbesiegedJhansiwasSirHuge
http://kalviamuthu.blogspot.com
Rose.2031.ThelandlordofJagadispurwholedtherevoltat
ArrahinBiharwasKunwantSingh.2032.TheregimentsoftheBritisharmythatshowed
loyaltytotheBritishduringthegreatrevoltwereBombayandMadrasRegiments.
2033.ThecommunitythathelpedtheBritishtofightthemutineerswasGurkhasofNepal.
2034.Themaincauseforthefailureoftherevoltwasthemutineersdidnothaveableleadership.
2035.ThereoltbroughtanendtotheruleoftheEnglishEastIndiaCompany.
2036.TheQueenVictoria’;sProclamationwasreadoutintheRoyalDurbarbyLordCanning.
2037.TheQueenVictoria’sProclamationendedthedesignationofGovernorGeneralofIndia.
2038.TheQueenVictoria’sproclamationcreatedtheofficeofSecretaryofState.
2039.ThelastGovernorGeneraloftheEastIndiaCompanywasLordCanning.
2040.TheQueenVictoria’sProclamaltionchangedtheofficeoftheGovernorGeneralintothatoftheViceroyofIndia.
2041.ThelastGovernorGeneralandfirstViceroyofIndiawasLordRipon.
2042.Therevoltof1857wascalledbytheBritishhistoriansasMilitaryrevolt.
2043.TheRevoltof1857wasdescribedbytheIndianhistoriansasFirstwarofindependence.
2044.TheGovernorGeneralofIndiaduringtheRevoltof1857wasLordCanning.
2045.HeavytaxeshadtopaybythePeasants.2046.Resumptionofrentfreesystem wasintroducedby
LordBentinck.2047.GeneralServicesEnlistmentActwaspassedinthe
year1856.2048.ThefirstsignofunrestappearedatBarrackpore.2049.ThesepoysbrokeoutintorevoltatMeerut.2050.Begum HaaratMahalwasthewifeofNawabof
Oudh.2051.After1857revolttheGovernorGeneralofIndiawas
designatedasViceroyofIndia.2052.TheRevoltof1857startedinMeerutandthen
spreadtootherpartsofIndia.2053.TheSepoyMutinyisalsoknownastheGreatRevolt.2054.TheDoctrineofLapsewasintroducedbyLord
Dalhousie.2055.TheGovernorGeneralwhorefusedtorecognizethe
adoptedsonsoftheRajasofNagpur,SataraandJhansiwasLordDalhousie.
2056.ThestatethatwasannexedeventhoughitsrulerwasalwaysfaithfultotheBritishwasOudh.
2057.TheintroductionofmachinemadegoodsoftheBritishdestroyedtheindigenousindustries.
2058.TheresumptionofrentfreeestatesbyLordBentinckinBengalbroughtalotofmoneytothegovernment.
2059.TheHinduLawofPropertywasintroducedwithaviewtofacilitatetheconversionoftheHindustoChristianity.
2060.LordCanningintroducedtheGeneralServicesEnlistmentActintheyear1856.
2061.ForHindusandMuslimsthereplacementofturbanwiththatofLeatherhatswasunacceptable.
2062.ArumourspreadthatthecartridgesintheEnfieldriflesweregreasedwiththefatofcowsandpigs.
2063.TheIndianOfficerinthe34thinfantrywhoshotdeadaBritishofficerwasMangalPandey.
2064.MangalPandeywhotdeadaBritishofficeron29March,1857belongedtoBengalregiment.
2065.ThecommandingofficeroftheBritisharmyaskedthesepoysinMeeruttoloadtherifleswith
cartridges.2066.ThesepoysofMeerutbrokeopentheprisonand
gallopedtoDelhiandbroughtitundertheircontrol.2067.Thekingdom-lesskingBahadurShahIIwas
stationedatDelhi.2068.ThemutineersfounditeasiertocaptureDelhi
becausetherewerenoEuropeantroops.2069.ThelastruleroftheMughalEmpirewasBahadur
ShahII.2070.TheEnglishcommanderJohnNicholsoncamefrom
PunjabandstormedKashmirGateinDelhi.2071.TheBritishchargedBahadurShahIIofrebellionand
senthim toRangoon.2072.NanaSahibledtherevoltatCawnpore.2073.DunduPanthwastheothernameofNanaSahib.2074.NanaSahibwastheadoptedsonofPeshwaBaji
RaoII.2075.TheloyalofficerofNanaSahibwasAzimullah.2076.WhenalargecontingesntoftheBritisharmy
enteredCawnporeNanaSahibescapedtoNepal.2077.TheBritishrecapturedCawnporeinthemiddleof
November1857.2078.Begum HazaratMahalofOudhledtherevoltat
Lucknow.2079.Begum HazaratMahaldeclaredin1857thatherson
BirjisKadrastheNawabofOudh.2080.AgreatleaderoftheFaizabadwhosupportedthe
mutineerswasAmanullah.2081.TheBritishcommanderSirHenryLawrencewas
killedduringthesiegeofLucknowResidency.2082.ThecitythatfellintothehandsoftheBritishin
March1858wasLucknow.2083.ThemutinyofRaniLakshmiBaiandTantiaTope
centeredonCentralIndia.2084.SirHugeRose,thecommanderoftheBritisharmy
advancedfrom BombayandbesiegedJhansi.2085.KunwantSinghthelandlordofJagadispurledthe
revoltatArrahinBihar.2086.ThecommunitythathelpedtheBritishtofightthe
mutineerswasGurkhasofNepal.2087.Themaincauseforthefailureoftherevoltwasthat
themutineersdidnothaveableleadership.2088.TherevoltbroughtanendtotheruleoftheEnglish
EastIndiaCompanyinIndia.2089.LordCanningreadoutQueenVictoria’s
ProclamationintheRoyalDurbar.2090.TheQueenVictoria’sProclamationwasissuedin
November1858.2091.TheQueenVictoria’sProclamationendedthe
designationofGovernorGeneralofIndia.2092.TheQueenVictoria’sProclamationcreatedthe
officeofSecretaryofState.2093.LordCanningwasthelastGovernorGeneralofthe
EnglishEastIndiaCompany.2094.Thepioneerofthereform movementswasRaja
RammohanRoy.2095.LordWilliam BentinckpassedanActin1829to
abolishSatiduetotheeffortsofRajaRammohanRoy.
2096.SwamiDayanandaSaraswathistartedtheAryaSamaj.
2097.TheheadquartersoftheRamaKrishnaMissionisatBelur.
2098.Vallalar’sdevotionalsongsarecompiledinavolumecalledThiruArutpa.
2099.SirsyedAhamedKhanstartedtheAligarhMovement
2100.SirSyedAhamedKhanstartedaschoolatGhazipur.2101.Agreatsocialistreformerfrom KeralaisSree
NarayanaGuru.2102.BrahmoSamajwasestablishedbyRajaRammohan
Roy.2103.RajaRammohanRoystartedtwonewspapersin
http://kalviamuthu.blogspot.com
BengaliandPersian.2104.RajaRammohanRoyjoinedtheserviceofEastIndia
Companyintheyear1805.2105.RammohanRoywenttoEnglandtothecauseofthe
MughalEmperorAkbar.2106.RammohanRoywasgiventhetitleof‘Raja’bythe
MughalEmperor.2107.RammohanRoywascalledas‘HeraldofNewAge’
inIndia.2108.RammohanRoyfoundedAtmiyaSabawhichlater
developedintoBrahmoSamaj.2109.AfterRammohanRoy,theworkoftheSamajwas
carriedbyKeshabChandraSen.2110.PrarthanaSamajwasfoundedbyDr.Atmaram
Pandurang.2111.Dr.Atmaram foundedPrarthanaSamajinBombay.2112.PrarthanaSamajwasfoundedintheyear1867.2113.Maha-DevaGovindaRanadedevotedhissholelifeto
thepromotionofthePrarthanaSamaj.2114.SwamiDayanandafoundedtheAryaSamaj.2115.AryaSamajwasfoundedbyDayanandaintheyear
1875.2116.TheoriginalnameofDayanandaSaraswathiwas
MulShankar.2117.DayanandawasthediscipleofSwamiVirjanand.2118.Dayananda’smottowas‘GobacktoVedas’.2119.Dayanandastarted‘SuddhiMovement”toreconvert
theHinduswhohadbeenconvertedtootherreligions.
2120.AryaSamajstartedschoolstoimpartEnglishandVediceducationcalledDayanandaAngloVedic(DAV).
2121.Dayanandawasoftendescribedasthe‘Mar6tinLutherofHinduism’.
2122.TheTheosophicalSocietywasfoundedbyMadameBlavatsky.
2123.TheTheosophicalSocietywasfoundedintheyear1875.
2124.Mrs.AnnieBesantbecamethepresidentoftheTheosophicalSocietyin1893.
2125.AnnieBesantfoundedtheCentralHinduCollegeatBenares.
2126.AnnieBesantstartedthenewspapercalledNewIndia.
2127.TheheadquarteroftheTheosophicalSocietyisatAdayarinChennai.
2128.RamakrishnaMissionwasnamedafterRamakrishnaParamahamsa.
2129.RamakrishnaMissionwasfoundedbyVivekananda.2130.RamakrishnaParamahamsa’swifewasSaradamani
Devi.2131.Vivekananda’soriginalnamewasNarendranath
Dutta.2132.VivekanandaparticipatedinWorldReligious
CongregationheldatChicago.2133.RamakrishnaMissioninstalledPhotovolticlighting
system intheSundarbans.2134.SamarasaSudhaSanmargaSangam wasstartedby
RamalingaAdigal.2135.RamalingaAdigalwasbornatChinnamarudurnear
Chidambaram.2136.VallalarbelievedGodintheform ofArutPerum
Jothi.2137.VallalarfoundedSatyaDharmaSalaatVadalurfor
feedingthepoor.2138.Vallalar’scompassiontoallbeingsiscalledJeeva
Karunya.2139.In1870VallalarestablishedSathyaGnanaSabaithe
HallofTrueWisdom Forum.2140.SyedAhmedKhanwasaJudicialOfficerunderthe
Britishgovernment.2141.SyedAhmedKhanestablishedMohammadenAnglo
OrientalCollegeatAligarhin1875.
2142.SyedAhmedKhanpropagatedhisviewsthroughthenewspapercalledTahzil-ud-Akhlaq.
2143.JyotibaPhulerevoltedagainstthedominationoftheBrahmins.
2144.JyotibaPhuleformedSatyaShodhakSamajin1873.2145.NarayanaGuruDharmaParibalanaYogam was
startedforthedevelopmentofEzhavacommunity.2146.SadhuMaharajaconstructedatempleinhonourof
SriChaitanyainMungircalledPremaMandir.2147.AmbedhkarisviewedasmessiahofdalitsinIndia.2148.AmbedhkarwastheChairmanofthedrafting
committeetodrafttheIndianconstitution.2149.AmbedhkarwasgivenBharatRatnaawardin1990.2150.AmbedhkarfoundedBahiskritHitkarainiSabhato
upliftthedowntrodden.2151.In1927AmbedhkarledtheMahadmarchfor
drawingwaterfrom theMahadpublictank.2152.Thepublictankfrom whichAmbedhkartriedtodraw
waterwasknownasManusmriti.2153.Thepioneerofthereform movementswasRaja
RammohanRoy.2154.LordWilliam BentinckpassedasActin1829to
abolishSatiduetotheeffortsofRajaRammohanRoy.
2155.AryaSamajwasstartedbySwamiDayanandaSaraswathi.
2156.BeluristheheadquartersoftheRamakrishnaMission.
2157.ThiruArutpa,thedevotionalsongsofVallalar’siscompiledinavolume.
2158.SirSyedAhmedKhanstartedaschoolatGhazipur.2159.SirSyedAhmedKhanstartedtheAligarhMovement.2160.AgreatsocialistreformerSreeNarayanaGuruis
from Kerala.2161.RajaRammohanRoyestablishedBrahmoSamaj.2162.RajaRammohanRoystartedtwonewspapersin
BengaliandPersian.2163.RajaRammohanRoyjoinedtheserviceofEnglish
EastIndiaCompanyintheyear1805.2164.RammohanRoywenttoEnglandtothecauseof
MughalEmperorAkbar.2165.RammohanRoywasgiventhetitleofRajabythe
MughalEmperorAkbar.2166.HeraldofNewAgeinIndiawasRammohanRoy.2167.RammohanRoyfoundedAtmiyaSamajwhichlater
developedintoBrahmoSamaj.2168.AfterRammohanRoy,theworkoftheSamajwas
carriedbyKehabChandraSen.2169.Dr.Atmaram PandurangfoundedPrarthanaSamaj.2170.Dr.Atmaram foundedPrarthanaSamajatBombay.2171.PrarthanaSamajwasfoundedintheyear1867.2172.Maha-DevaGovindaRanadedevotedhiswholelife
tothepromotionofthePrarthanaSamaj.2173.SwamiDayanandaSaraswathifoundedtheArya
Samaj.2174.AryaSamajwasfoundedbyDayanandintheyear
1875.2175.TheoriginalnameofDayanandawasSwami
Virjanand.2176.‘GobacktoVedas’wasthemottoofDayananda.2177.DayanandastartedaSuddhiMovementtoreconvert
theHinduswhohadbeenconvertedtootherreligions.
2178.AryaSamajstartedschoolstoimpartEnglishandVediceducationcalledDayanandaAngloVedic(DAV).
2179.MartinLutherofHindusism was1875.2180.TheTheosophicalSocietywasfoundedintheyear
1875.2181.TheTheosophicalSocietywasfoundedintheyear
1875.2182.MadameBlavatskyfoundedtheTheosophical
Society.
http://kalviamuthu.blogspot.com
2183.AnnieBesantbecamethepresidentoftheTheosophicalSocietyin1893.
2184.AnnieBesantfoundedtheCentralHinduCollege.2185.AnnieBesantstartedthenewspapercalledNew
India.2186.TheheadquartersoftheTheosophicalSocietyisat
Adayar.2187.RamakrishnaMissionwasnamedafter
RamakrishnaParamahamsa.2188.VivekanandafoundedRamakrishnaMission.2189.RamakrishnaParamahamsa’swifewasSaradamani
Devi.2190.NarendranathDuttawastheoriginalnameof
Vivekananda.2191.VivekanandaparticipatedinWorldReligious
CongregationheldatChicago.2192.RamakrishnaMissioninstalledPhotovolticlighting
system inSunderbans.2193.SamarasaSudhaSanmargaSangam wasstartedby
RamalingaAdigal.2194.RamalingaAdigalwaspopularlyknownasVallalar.2195.RamalingaAdigalwasbornatChinnamarudarnear
Chidambaram.2196.VallalarbelievedGodintheform ofArutPerum
Jothi.2197.VallalarfoundedSatyaDharmaSalaatVadalurfor
feedingthepoor.2198.Vallalar’scompassiontoallbeingsiscalledJeva
Karunya.2199.In1870VallalarestablishedtheHallofTrueWisdom
Forum.2200.SyedAhmedKhanestablishedMohammadenAnglo
OrientalCollegeatAligarhin1875.2201.SyedAhmedKhanestablishedMohammadenAnglo
OrientalCollegeatAligarhin1875.2202.SyedAhmedKhanpropagatedhisviewsthroughthe
newspapercalledTahzil-ud-Akhlaq.2203.JyotibaPhuleformedSatyaShodakSamajin1873.2204.NarayanaGuruDharmaParipalanaYogam was
startedforthedevelopmentofEzhavacommunity.2205.SadhuMaharajaconstructedatempleinhonourof
SriChaitanyaMungircalledPremaMandir.2206.AmbedhkarisviewedasmessiahofdalitsinIndia.2207.AmbedhkarwasChairmanofthedrafting
committeetodraftaconstitution.2208.AmbedhkarwasthefirstLawministerof
independentIndia.2209.AmbedhkarwasgivenBharatRatnaawardin1990.2210.AmbedhkarfoundedBashikritHitkarainiSabhato
upliftthedowntrodden.2211.In1927AmbedhkarledtheMahadMarchfor
drawingwaterfrom thepublictank.2212.Theunificationofthecountrywasbroughtbythe
BritishImperialism.2213.ThelanguageoftheeducatedIndianswasEnglish.2214.Thereligiousandsocialreformerspreparedthe
groundfortheriseofNationalism.2215.Thepoliciesofthemoderatesweredescribedbythe
ExtremistsasPoliticalmendicancy.2216.OpensplitintheCongressoccurredinthesessions
heldatSurat.2217.TheMinto-Morleyreformsintroducedseparate
electoratefortheMuslims.2218.HomeRuleLeagueinBombaywasformedbyTilak.2219.ItwastheBritishImperialism thatbroughtaboutthe
unificationofwholeofIndia.2220.TheimprovementinCommunicationhelpedtocarry
onthenationalpropagandaineverynookandcorner.2221.TheVernacularPressActcurbedthefreedom ofthe
press.2222.TheBritishfollowedthepolicyofDivideandrule.2223.Duetoracialdiscriminationallhighpostswere
reservedfortheBritish.
2224.TheCharterActwaspassedin1833togivehigherpoststoIndians.
2225.TheVernacularPressActwaspassedintheyear1878.
2226.ThecontroversyovertheIIbertBillmadeitclearthattheIndianscouldnotgethighposts.
2227.ThedurationofthePhaseIofthefreedommovementinIndiawas1885-1919.
2228.ThePhaseIofthefreedom movementofIndiaisalsocalledasPre-GandhianEra.
2229.TheIndianNationalCongresswasfoundedintheyear1885.
2230.OntheadviceofAllanOctavianHumetheIndianNationalCongresswasfounded.
2231.ThefirstsessionoftheCongresswasheldatBombay.
2232.ThefirstsessionoftheCongresswaschairedbyW.C.Bannerjee.
2233.72numbersofdelegatesattendedthefirstsessionoftheCongress.
2234.TheCongressleaderswhobelievedintheconstitutionalmethodstopresstheirdemandswerecalledthemoderates.
2235.OneamongthemoderatesintheCongresswasGopalaKrishnaGokhale.
2236.TheCongressleaderswhobelievedinaradicalwayofthepoliticalagitationtopresstheirdemandswerecalledtheExtremists.
2237.TheleaderoftheextremistsintheCongresswasBalaGangadharTilak.
2238.MahadevGovindaRanadebelongedtotheModeratesgroupintheCongress.
2239.ThemethodsadoptedymoderatestopresstheirdemandswasalsocalledasPoliticalMendicancy.
2240.LokamanyaTilakwasanactiveleaderoftheCongresssince1890.
2241.Thecatchword‘SwarajismybirthrightandIshallhaveit’wasdeclaredbyBalaGangadaraTilak.
2242.TilakpublishedhisnewspaperKesariinMarathiLanguage.
2243.TilakrevivedthefestivalsofGanapathy&Shivajitoarousenationalfeelings.
2244.ThepartitionofBengalwasannouncedbyLordCurzon.
2245.ThepartitionofBengalwasannouncedintheyear1905.
2246.ThereasongivenbytheBritishforthepartitionofBengalwasAdministrativeconvenience.
2247.ThepartitionofBengalwasrevokedintheyear1911.2248.ThepartitionofBengalpavedthewayforthebirth
oftheSwadeshimovement.2249.Swadeshi,literallymeans“One’sowncountry”.2250.TheCongressadoptedthesloganVandemataram.2251.Bankim ChandraChatterjeecomposed
Vandemataram.2252.TheAllIndiaMuslim Leaguewasformedintheyear
1906.2253.TheMuslim Leaguewasformedunderthe
leadershipofSalimullahKhan.2254.SalimullahKhanwastheNawabofDacca.2255.SuratSplittookplaceintheyear1907.2256.Theextremistswereexpelledfrom theCongressin
theSuratsession.2257.TheIndiaCouncilActisalsoknownasMintoMorely
Reforms.2258.TheMintoMorelyreformswereannouncedto
appeasethesentimentsoftheMuslims.2259.TheActthatintroducedaseparateelectoratefor
MuslimswasIndianCouncilAct.2260.IndianNationalCongresssupportedtheBritainin
theFirstWorldWar.2261.TheHomeRuleLeaugewasformedinBombayby
BalaGangadharTilak.
http://kalviamuthu.blogspot.com
2262.TheHomeRuleLeaguewasformedintheyear1916.2263.HomeRuleLeaguewasstartedinMadrasbyAnnie
Besant.2264.ThenewspaperthatwasbannedduringtheHome
RuleMovementwasNewIndia.2265.TheothernamefortheHomeRulewasSelf
Government.2266.ThetwoleaderswhosupportedtheHomeRule
MovementwereC.R.Das&MotilalNehru.2267.ThePactsignedbetweentheIndianNational
CongressandtheMuslim LeaguewasLucknowPact.
2268.TheextremistsandthemoderatesintheCongressunitedintheLucknowsession.
2269.JawaharlalNehrumetGandhijiforthefirsttimeintheLucknowsession.
2270.ThedeclarationthatpromisedSelf-GovernmentforIndiainstageswastheAugustDeclaration.
2271.TheAugustdeclarationwasmadeintheyear1917.2272.TheAugustdeclarationofMontaguein1917
promisedresponsiblegovernmenttothepeopleofIndia.
2273.Inthehopeofobtainingself-ruleafterIworldwarHomeRulemovementwaswithdrawn.
2274.TilakandAnnieBesantcondemnedtheGovernmentofIndiaActof1919.
2275.InthesplitcausedbyMontagueChelmsfordreformsmoderatesstayedoutofCongress.
2276.ModeratesformedaseparateorganizationknownasIndiannationalliberalfederation.
2277.TheMontague-Chelmsfordreform waspassedintheyear1919.
2278.TheprovisionofMontagueChelmsfordreportwasincludedintheGovernmentofIndiaAct,1919.
2279.Montague-ChelmsfordReformsintroducedDiarchyintheprovinces.
2280.Montague-Chelmsfordreformsencouragedcommunalinterestofthesikhs.
2281.WhodescribedtheMontague-Chelmsfordactas‘ungenerousforEnglandtoofferandunworthyforIndiatoaccept’?AnnieBesant
2282.RowlattActencouragedtheBritishGovernmenttoarrestanyonewithoutwarrant.
2283.TheRowlattActwaspassedintheyear1919.2284.TheIndianundertheleadershipofGanhijiopposed
theRowlattAct.2285.TheJallianWalaBaghTragedytookplaceinthe
year1919.2286.Thetwoleadersarrestedduringthehartalinthe
JallianWalaBarhSatyapalandSaifuddin.2287.SatyapalandSaifuddinbelongedtoPunjab.2288.JallainWalaBaghisaplaceatAmritsar.2289.TheCommanderwholeadtheBritishtroopsduring
theJallianWalaBaghTragedywasGeneralDyre.2290.RabindranathTagorerenouncedhisknighthoodin
protestagainsttheJallianWalaBaghincident.2291.KhilafatMovementtookplaceintheyear1920.2292.TheMuslimsprotestedagainstthehumiliationof
theTurkishCaliph.2293.ThemovementorganizedbyAlibrothersand
MaulanaAbulKhalam AzadwasKhilafat.2294.Theunificationofthecountrywasbroughtbythe
BritishImperialism.2295.EnglishwasthelanguageoftheeducatedIndians.2296.Thereligiousandsocialreformerspreparedthe
groundfortheriseofNationalism.2297.Politicalmendicancywasthepoliciesofthe
Moderates.2298.OpensplitintheCongressoccurredinthesessions
heldatSurat.2299.TheMinto-Morleyreformsintroducedseparate
electoratefortheMuslims.2300.HomeRuleLeagueinBombaywasformedbyTilak.
2301.ItwastheBritishImperialism thatbroughtabouttheunificationofwholeofIndia.
2302.TheimprovementinCommunicationhelpedtocarryonthenationalpropagandaineverynookandcorner.
2303.TheVernacularPressActcurbedthefreedom ofthePress.
2304.TheBritishfollowedthepolicyofDivideandrule.2305.Duetoracialdiscriminationallhighpostswere
reservedfortheBritish.2306.TheCharterActwaspassedin1833togivehigher
poststoIndians.2307.TheVernacularPressActwaspassedintheyear
1878.2308.ThecontroversyovertheIlbertBillmadeitclearthat
theIndianscouldnotgethighposts.2309.ThedurationofthePhaseIofthefreedom
movementinIndiawas1885-1919.2310.ThePhaseIofthefreedom movementofIndiais
alsocalledasPre-GandhianEra.2311.TheIndianNationalCongresswasfoundedinthe
year1885.2312.OntheadviceofAllanOctavianHumetheIndian
NationalCongress.2313.ThefirstsessionoftheCongresswasheldat
Bombay.2314.ThefirstsessionoftheCongresswaschairedby
W.C.Bannerjee.2315.72numbersofdelegatesattendedthefirstsession
oftheCongress.2316.TheCongressleaderswhobelievedinthe
constitutionalmethodstopresstheirdemandswerecalledthemoderates.
2317.GopalaKrishnaGokhalewasoneamongtheModeratesintheCongress.
2318.TheCongressleaderswhobelievedinaradicalwayofthepoliticalagitationtopresstheirdemandswerecalledtheExtremists.
2319.BalaGangadharTilakwastheleaderoftheextremists.
2320.MahadevGovindaRanadebelongedtotheModeratesgroupintheCongress.
2321.ThemlethodsadoptedbymoderatestopresstheirdemandswasalsocalledasPoliticalMendicancy.
2322.LokamanyaTilakwasanactiveleaderoftheCongresssince1890.
2323.Thecatchword‘SwarajismybirthrightandIshallhaveit’wasdeclaredbyBalaGangadaraTilak.
2324.KesariwasthenewspaperpublishedbyTilakinMarathiLanguage.
2325.TilakrevivedthefestivalsofGanapathy&Shivajitoarousenationalfeelings.
2326.ThePartitionofBengalwasannouncedbyLordCurzon.
2327.ThepartitionofBengalwasannouncedintheyear1905.
2328.ThereasongivenbytheBritishforthepartitionofBengalwasAdministrativeconvenience.
2329.ThepartitionofBengalwasrevokedintheyear1911.2330.ThepartitionofBengalpavedthewayforthebirth
oftheSwadeshimovement.2331.Swadeshiliterallymeans“One’sowncountry”.2332.Vandamataram isthesloganadoptedbythe
congress.2333.Bankim ChandraChatterjeecomposed
Vandemataram.2334.Gandhijiadvocatedanewtechniqueinourfreedom
struggleknownasSathyagraha.2335.C.R.DasandMotilalNehruformedtheSwarajparty.2336.TheIndianConstitutionwasformallyadoptedon
January26,1950.2337.In1931,theBritishGovernmentannounceda
schemeknownasCommunalaward.2338.TheBritishViceroyresponsibleforinvolvingIndians
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intheSecondWorldWarwasLitton.2339.Toform theInterim GovernmentNehrusoughtthe
helpofJinnah.2340.FirstandlastIndianGovernorGeneralofIndiais
C.Rajagopalachari.2341.ThetaskofunifyingIndianstateswasundertaken
bySardarVallabhbaiPatel.2342.FirstPresidentofIndiaisDr.RajendraPrasad.2343.ThesecondsplitintheCongressledtothe
formationofIndianNationalLiberalFederation.2344.Thesecondphaseofthefreedom movementin
IndiasawtheemergenceofMohandasKarmanchandGandhi.
2345.ThephaseIIoftheFreedom MovementinIndiaisalsocalledGandhianEra.
2346.ThedurationofGandhianEraintheFreedomMovlementinIndiawas1919-1947.
2347.MohandasKaramchandGandhiwasbornonOctober2,1869.
2348.MohandasKaramchandGandhiwenttoEnglandtostudylaw.
2349.InSouthAftica,GandhijiexperiencedRacialdiscrimination.
2350.GandhijistartedSabarmathiAshram intheyear1916.
2351.GandhijijoinedtheFreedom StruggleinIndiaintheyear1919.
2352.GandhijiispopularlyknownasFatherofournation.2353.Gandhijiwonasilvermedalforthesupporthe
renderedtotheBritishinFirstWorldWar.2354.InSouthAfricaGandhijidevelopedthetechniqueof
Satyagraha.2355.TheleaderoftheNon-c0-operationMovementwas
MahtmaGandhi.2356.TheNon-co-operationMovementwasstartedinthe
year1920.2357.In1921theCongressSessionatLahoreappealedto
thepeopleofIndia.2358.Gandhijiwithdrewnon-cooperationmovementafter
theChauriChauraevent.2359.TheangrypeasantsburntdownaPolicestationat
ChauriChaura.2360.TheSwarajyaPartywasformedintheyear1922.2361.Themainaim oftheSwarajyaPartywastooppose
theBritishGovernmentfrom withintheLegislature.2362.TheinvluenceoftheSwarajyaPartyonIndian
politicssufferedasetbackafterthedeathofC.R.Das.
2363.JawaharlalNehruwasbornonNovember14,1889.2364.JawaharlalNehruqualifiedhimselfasBarristerin
England.2365.SimonCommissionwasappointedtoenquireinto
theRowlattActof1919.2366.TheCongressboycottedtheSimonCommission
becausetheCommissionhadnoIndianMember.2367.TherevolutionaryleaderoftheIndianCongresswho
soughttoavengethedeathofLalaLajpatRaiwasBhagatSingh.
2368.TheleaderoftheIndianCongresswhodiedduetolathichargeduringtheprotestagainsttheSimonCommissionwasLalaLajpatRai.
2369.TheCongressdeclaredthatPurnaSwarajorCompleteIndependencewasitsgoalatisLahoresession.
2370.DuringtheFreedom MovementthedaywhichcelebratedastheIndependenceDayalloverthecountrywasJanuary26,1930.
2371.ToachievecompleteindependenceMahatmaGandhistartedCivilDisobedienceMovement.
2372.TheConstitutionofIndiawasadoptedonJanuary26,1950.
2373.Thedayfreedom fighterscelebratedIndependenceDayin1930isnowbeingcelebratedasRepublicDay.
2374.Gandhijiandhis73chosenfollowerstookahistoricmarchtoDandionMarch12,1930.
2375.TheVedaranyam SaltSatyagrahawasstartedinTamilNadubyRajaji.
2376.TheFirstRoundTableConferencewasheldinLondonintheyear1930.
2377.ThePactthatGandhisignedintheyear1931wastheGandhiIrwinPact.
2378.ThemovementsuspendedaftertheGandhiIrwinPactwasCivilDisobedienceMovement.
2379.TheSecondRoundTableConferencewasheldinEngland.
2380.TheCivilDisobedienceMovementwasrevivedafterthefailureoftheSecondRoundTableConference.
2381.TheThirdRoundTableConferencewasheldinEnglandinNovember1932.
2382.ThedecisiontakenattheThirdRoundTableConferenceprovidedtheoutlineforGovernmentofIndiaAct1935.
2383.In1932,WhenGandhiwasinjailtheBritishGovernmentannouncedCommunalaward.
2384.TheBritishgovernmentannouncedaschemecalledCommunalAwardundertheleadershipofRamsayMcDonald.
2385.TheCommunalAwardannouncedaseparateelectorateforthedepressedclasses.
2386.GandhijisignedthePoonaPactintheyear1932.2387.TheelectionsfortheProvisionallegislaturewere
heldin1937aspertheGovernmentofIndiaAct1935.
2388.Thepartythatwonsixoutofelevenprovincesin1937electionswastheCongressParty.
2389.IndiafoughttheSecondWorldWaronthesideofAlliedpowers.
2390.TheorganizationthatdemandedformationofseparatenationPakistanwasMuslim League.
2391.ThetwonationtheorywaspropagatedbyMuhammadAliJinnah.
2392.TheCripp’smissionarrivedinIndiaintheyear1942.2393.TheMissionthatoffereddominionstatusforIndia
aftertheWorldWarwasStraffordCripp’sMission.2394.TheQuitIndiaMovementwasstartedinAugust8,
1942.2395.‘QuitIndia’sloganwasgivenbyAllIndiaCongress
Committee.2396.SubashChandraBoseispopularlyknownasNethaji.2397.SubashChandraBosewaselectedthePresidentof
IndianNationalCongressintheyear1939.2398.TheBritishgovernmentkeptSubashChandraBose
underhousearrestinCalcutta.2399.SubashChandraBosewasthefounderofIndian
NationalArmy.2400.TheJapanRadioannouncedin1945thatSubash
ChandraBosediedinanaircrash.2401.TheBritishGovernmentsentCabinetMissionto
IndiainMarch,1946.2402.TheCabinetMissionproposedIndianLeadersto
form theConstituentAssembly.2403.TheproposaloftheCabinetMissionwasopposed
bytheMuslim League.2404.TheMuslim Leagueopposedtheproposalofthe
CabinetMissionanddemandedaseparatenationcalledPakistaninJuly,1946.
2405.Aninterim GovernmentwassetupinSeptember1946,undertheleadershipofJawaharlalNehru.
2406.InMarch1947,theBritishgovernmentappointedMountbattenastheViceroyofIndia.
2407.TheBritishGovernmentannouncedinMarch1947thatitwouldtransferthepowertotheIndiansbyJune1948.
2408.ThefirstGovernorGeneraloffreeIndiawasLordMountbatten.
2409.MahatmaGandhiwasassassinatedinJanuary30,
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1948.2410.ThetaskofunificationofIndiawasachievedunder
theleadershipofSardarVallabhaiPatel.2411.ImmediatelyaftertheIndependencetheNawabof
JunagadhwishedtojoinPakistan.2412.ImmediatelyaftertheIndependencetheNizam of
Hyderabadwishedtoremainindependent.2413.ImmediatelyaftertheIndependencetherulerof
KashmirwishedtoRemainindependent.2414.SardarVallabhbaiPatelisrightlycalledasthe
BismarckofIndia.2415.TheChairmanoftheDraftingCommitteeofthe
IndianConstitutionwasDr.B.R.Ambedkar.2416.TheConstitutionofIndiacameintoforcewitheffect
from January26,1950.2417.IndiansoldierswereinstigatedbythesonsofTipu
Sultan.2418.ThefirstorganizationintheMadrasPresidencyto
agitatefortherightsofpeoplewastheMadrasNativeAssocaition.
2419.ThefirstPresidentoftheMadrasMahajanaSabhawasD,.RangaiahNaidu.
2420.AtVedaranyam,theSaltlawwasbrokenbyC.Rajagopalachari.
2421.In1908,BharathiarorganizedahugepublicmeetingtocelebrateSwarajDay.
2422.FacedwiththeprospectusofarrestbytheBritish,BharathiescapedtoPondicherry.
2423.TheHeadquartersoftheTamilNaduCongressCommitteeisnamedasSathyamurthiBhavan.
2424.In1940,KamarajwenttoWardhatomeetGandhiji.2425.KamarajservedastheChiefMinisterofTamilNadu
for9years.2426.Kamarajwasfamousforpolicy‘K’plan.2427.TipuSultan’sdaughterwastobemarriedonJuly9,
1806.
2428.OnJuly10th,theIndiansoldiersunfurledtheflagofTipuSultanoverthefort.
2429.Tipu’sSecondsonFatehHyderwasdeclaredastheruler.
2430.TheMadrasNativeAssociationwasestablishedbyHarley,LakshminarasuChettyandSrinivasaPillai.
2431.TheMadrasNativeAssociationwasestablishedin1852.
2432.TheMadrasNativeAssociationcriticizedthepoliciesofEnglishEastIndiaCompany.
2433.TheMadrasNativeAssociationwasmergedwiththeMadrasMahajanaSabhain1884.
2434.TheMadrasMahajanaSabhafunctionedattheofficeoftheHindu.
2435.TheMadrasMahajanaSabhaadoptedaModeratepolicyinitsearlydays.
2436.TheViceroywhorefusedtoreceivethewelcomeaddressfrom MadrasMahajanaSabhawasLordElgin.
2437.LordElginvisitedMadrasin1895.2438.TheMadrasMahajanaSabhahadcloserelationship
withCongress.2439.In1930inMadrasSaltSatyagrahawasorganizedby
MadrasMahajanaSabha.2440.ThethreemenCommissionundertheleadershipof
JusticeT.R.RamachandraIyerenquiredabouttheinjusticedonetotheSatyagrahis.
2441.WhentheBritishGovernmentbannedtheCongresspartytheMadrasMahajanaSabhaconductedExhibitionstoinstigatethepatriotism.
2442.GandhijideliveredaspeechinMadrasonOctober
24th1896.2443.JawaharlalNeghuparticipatedintheGoldenJubilee
celebrationsoftheMadrasGoldenJubilee.2444.V.O.Chidambaram Pillaiispopularlyknownas
KappalityaTamilan.
2445.V.O.CwasborninOttapidaram.2446.V.O.CwasbornonSeptember5,1872.2447.V.O.C.startedhiscareerasalawyeratTirunelveli.2448.V.O.C.wasthefounderofSwadeshiCo-operative
Stores.2449.V.O.C.formedtheSwadeshiSteam Navigation.2450.V.O.C.organizedCoralMillStriketoincreasethe
worker’swages.2451.In1907,V.O.C.attendedtheCongresssessionheld
atSurat.2452.V.O.C.followedTilakandpreachedhisphilosophy.2453.SubramanyaSivawasborninVathalagunduin
DindigulDistrict.2454.SubramanyaSivawasacreativewriter.2455.SubramanyaBharathiwasbornonDec.11,1882.2456.BharathiwasborninEttayapuram inTirunelveli
District.2457.BharathiworkedTamilTeacherin1904atMadurai.2458.BharathiwasanAssistantEditorof
Swadeshimithranin1904.2459.In1907BharathiparticipatedinSuratconference
andsupportedthedemandforSwaraj.2460.InApril1907,Bharathibecametheeditorofthe
TamilWeeklyIndia.2461.BharathieditedtheEnglishnewspaperBalaBharathi.2462.In1908,BharathigaveevidenceinthecaseofV.O.C.2463.VanchinathanshotdeadAshethecollector.2464.CollectorAshewasshotdeadbyVanchinathanat
Maniyachirailwaystation.2465.TiruppurKumaranwasborninChennimalaiinErode
District.2466.ThiruppurKumaranispopularlyknownasKodi
KathaKumaran.2467.SatyamurthywasthepoliticalmentorofK.Kamaraj.2468.Rajagopalacharinominatedhim asthePresidentof
theIndianNationalcongressinTamilNaduin1930.2469.SatyamurthyservedasMayorofMadrasin1939.2470.SatyamurthywasborninTirumayyam inMadras
Presidency.2471.SatyamurthywasborninAugust19,1887.2472.SatyamurthypracticedasanAdvocateinthe
Nationalmovement.2473.In1919CongressselectedSatyamurthyas
representativetotheJointParliamentaryCommittee.
2474.WhenSatyamurthywasMayorhebuiltareservoirinPoonditoaugmentthewatersupply.
2475.ThePoondireservoirwasnamedasSatyamurthySaharbyKamaraj.
2476.C.RajajiwasbornatThovarapalli.
2477.Rajajiwasbornon10thDecember1878.2478.RajajibecameaLawyeratSalem in1898.2479.RajajiparticipatedinCalcuttasessionoftheIndian
NationalCongress.2480.RajajibecametheChiefMinisterPresidencyinthe
year1937.2481.RajajimadeHindiascompulsorysubject.2482.HiscompulsoryHindieducationwasopposedby
E.V.R.Periyar.2483.RajajiformedtheministryinTamilNaduintheyear
1952.2484.RajajiwasthefirstIndianGovernorGeneraloffree
India.2485.RajajiintroducedKulaKalviThittam.2486.KamarajandPeriyaropposedtheKulaKalviThittam
ofRajaji.2487.RajajifoundedSwadandrapartyin1959.2488.In1955RajajiwasawardedBharatRatna.2489.RajajiwasoftenreferredasChankya.2490.KamarajwasbornatVirudupattinearVirudhunagar.
2491.KamarajwasbornonJuly15th,1903.2492.Kamarajenteredintofreedom movementbytaking
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partinVaikam Satyagraha.2493.Vaikam Satyagrahawasconductedintheyear1924.2494.KamarajparticipatedinVedaranyam marchalong
withRajagopalachariin1930.2495.In1940KamarajwenttoWardhatomeetGandhito
getapprovalforthelistofSatyagrahis.2496.KamarajhoistedtheIndianNationalFlagin
Satyamurthy’sHouseintheyear1947.2497.Mid-daymealsschemewasintroducedinTamil
NadubyKamaraj.2498.KamarajwascalledasKingMaker.2499.SouthIndianLiberalFederationisotherwiseknown
astheJusticeParty.2500.PeriyartransformedtheJusticePartyintoDravidar
Kazhagam.2501.ThegreatestsocialreformerofTamilNaduisE.V.
RamasamyNaicker.2502.Vaikam isaplaceinKerala.2503.C.N.AnnaduraiwasaffectionatelycalledasAnna.2504.DravidaMunnetraKazhagam wasfoundedbyC.N.
Annadurai.2505.C.N.AnnaduraiwasconferredDoctorateby
AnnamalaiUniversity.2506.DurtoDr.Muthulakshmi’sgoodeffortsthecancer
institutewasstartedatAdayar.2507.AllIndiaWomenConferencewasorganizedatPune.2508.Dr.MuthulakshmiReddystartedonorphanage
knownasAvvaiIllam.2509.Dr.S.Dharmambalstartedanagitationforthecause
ofTamilteacherscalledElavuVaram.2510.MoovalurRamamirtham wasbornin1883.2511.TheJusticePartyrepresentedNon-Brahmin
movement.2512.JusticePartywasestablishedintheyear1916.2513.JusticePartywasestablishedbyT.M.Nair.2514.JusticePartypublishedtheTamilnewspaperknown
asDravidan.2515.JusticepartypublishedAndhraPrakasikathe
Telugunewspaper.2516.TheEnglishnewspaperpublishedbyJusticeParty
calledJustice.2517.In1920,theJusticepartyformedtheministryunder
SubbarayaluReddiar.2518.In1926theSwarajyapartygotsuccessinthe
electionsbutrefusedtoform theministry.2519.PeriyartransformedtheJusticepartyintoasocial
organization.2520.CommunalGovernmentOrdersprovidedreservation
ofappointmentsinlocalbodiesandeducationalinstitutionsforNon-Brahmins.
2521.StaffSelectionBoardwascreatedintheyear1924.2522.TheStaffSelectionBoardbecamePublicService
Commissionin1929.2523.In1925AndhraUniversitywasopenedinAndhra
PradeshbyJusticeParty.2524.In1929AnnamalaiUniversitywasopenedinTamil
Nadu.2525.TheHinduEndowmentBillwaspassedintheyear
1926.2526.WomenweregrantedtherighttovoteinTamilNadu
intheyear1921.2527.E.V.RamasamywasbornonSept.17,1879.2528.E.V.RamasamywasborninErode.2529.E.V.R.joinedtheCongressintheyear1919.2530.E.V.R.waselectedastheSecretaryofMadrasState
CongressCommitteein1921.2531.In1923E.V.R.waselectedasPresidentofMadras
StateCongressCommittee.2532.E.V.R.ledthefamousVaikam Sathyagrahain1924.2533.Periyarwasgiventhetitleof‘Vaikam Hero’for
Templeentry.2534.PeriyarleftCongressandstartedSelfRespect
Movementin1925.
2535.E.V.R.wasgiventhetitlePeriyarbyLadiesConferenceheldatMadras.
2536.JusticePartywaschangedasDravidarKazhagam inSalem Conferenceof1944.
2537.Periyardiedintheyear1973.2538.C.N.Annaduraiwasbornintheyear1909.2539.AnnaduraiwasbornatKancheepuram.2540.AnnaduraididhisM.A.inPachaiyappa’sCollegein
Madras.2541.AnnaduraiwasthefounderoftheD.M.K.party.2542.AnnawentoutoftheDravidaKazhagam dueto
Periyar’sMarriage.2543.AnnaformedtheD.M.K.intheyear1949.2544.AnnabecametheGeneralSecretaryofDMK.2545.Annachangedtheofficialnameofthestatefrom
MadrastoTamizhagam intheyear1967.2546.Thenationalmotto‘SatyamevaJayavate’was
changeintoVaimayeVellum byAnna.2547.Annapassedawayintheyear1969.2548.Animportantwomanleaderwhofoughtagainst
Devadasisystem wsDr.MuthulakshmiReddy.2549.Dr.MuthulakshmiReddywasbornintheyear1886.2550.Dr.MuthulakshmiReddywasbornatPudukottai.2551.TheCancerInstituteatAdyarwasstartedintheyear
1923.2552.ThefoundationfortheCancerInstituteatAdyarwas
laiddownbyJawaharlalNehru.2553.Dr.MuthulakshmiReddywasnominatedtothe
TamilNaduLegislativeCouncilintheyear1929.2554.Dr.MuthulakshmiReddywassupportedinher
effortsbyThiruVi.KaandPeriyar.2555.In1930AllIndiawomenConferencewasorganized
byDr.MuthulakshmiReddy.2556.ThePresidentofIndianAssociationfrom 1933to
1947wasDr.MuthulakshmiReddy.2557.Dr.MuthulakshmiReddypassedawayintheyear
1968.2558.Dr.DharmambalwasbornatKarunthattankudi.2559.Dr.DharmambalwasaSiddhadoctor.2560.Dr.DharmambalstartedahospitalinChennai.2561.Dr.Dharmambalwasinfluencedbytheideasof
Periyar.2562.EqualpaytoTamilteacherswasannouncedby
Avinasilingam theEducationMinister.2563.ChennaiManavarMandram wasestablishedto
improveknowledgeinTamil.2564.Dr.DharmambalwasconferredthetitleVeera
TamilannaiforherservicetoTamil.2565.Dr.Dharmambalconferredthetitle“EalisaiMannar”
toM.K.ThiyagarajaBagavathar.2566.MoovalurRamamirtham wasbornintheyear1883.2567.MoovalurRamamirtham wasbornatThiruvarur.2568.MoovalurRamamirtham wasbroughtupin
Moovalur.2569.MoovalurRamamirtham joinedIndianNationalParty
andorganizedIsaiVellalarconference.2570.TheConferenceofIsaiVellalarwasorganizedin
1925byMoovalurRamamirtham atMayiladudurai.2571.AsaresultoftheIsaiVellalarconferenceDevadasi
AbolitionActwaspassed.2572.InthememoryofMoovalurRamamirtham Marriage
AssistanceSchemewasintroducedbyTamilNaduGovernment.
2573.WidowRemarriageActwaspassedintheyear1856.2574.TheBayofBengalislocatedtotheSouth-eastof
India.2575.PalkStraitseparatesIndianfrom SriLanka.2576.ThemostcentrallylocatedmeridianofIndiapasses
throughAllahabad.2577.ThehighestpeakinIndiaisMt.GodwinAustin.2578.ThesourceofRiverGangaisGangotri.2579.TheHimalayasareknownasAbodeofsnow.2580.IndiaisoftendescribedastheSubcontinent.
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2581.TheextentofIndiafrom KashmirtoKanyakumariis3214kms.
2582.TheArabianSeaislocatedtothewestofIndia.2583.TheTharDesertislocatedtothewestofIndia.2584.TheIslandsofAndamanandNicobararesituatedin
theBayofBengal.2585.TheextentofIndiafrom GujarattoArunachal
Pradeshis2933kms.2586.Indiahasatotallandareaofabout3.2million
squarekilometer.2587.Geographically,IndiaislocatedintheNorthern
Hemisphere.2588.ThelatitudethatdividesIndiaintoalmostequal
partsistheTropicofCancer.2589.Indiaistheseventhlargestcountryintermsofarea.2590.GeographicallythesizeofIndiaisfourtimesbigger
thanthatofPakistan.2591.Indiaextendstotheeastuptointricatemazeof
Indo-MyanmarHills.2592.India’scoastlineisthelongestintheworld.2593.India’sinternationaltradewithEuropeiscarriedon
mainlythroughthecanaltheSuezCanal.2594.Thecountryinthenorththathasacommonborder
withIndiaisNepal.2595.Thecountryinthenorthwestthathasacommon
borderwithIndiaisAfghanistan.2596.TheLakshadweepIslandsthatbelongtotheIndian
UnionisfoundintheArabianSea.2597.TheCentralMeridianofIndiais82½°2598.ThelocaltimethatisconsideredastheIndian
StandardTimeisthatofAllahabad.2599.TheIndianStandardTimeisaheadofGreenwich
MeanTimeby5 .12
2600.Foreveryone-degreedifferenceinlongitude,thedifferenceintimeisfourminutes.
2601.ForadministrativeconvenienceIndiaisgeographicallydividedinto28and7UnionTerritories.
2602.IndianUnionisdividedintoseveralpoliticaldivisionsonthebasisofLanguage.
2603.IntermsofsizethelargeststateinIndiaisRajasthan.
2604.IntermsofpopulationthelargeststateinIndiaisUttarPradesh.
2605.ThestateinIndiathathashighestdensityofpopulationisKerala.
2606.TheCapitalofAssam isDispur.2607.ThehighestpopulatedstateinIndiaisUttar
Pradesh.2608.ThecapitalofArunachalPradeshisItanagar.2609.RanchiisthecapitalofJharkhand.2610.ThecapitalofMizoram isAizawl.2611.KohimaisthestatecapitalofNagaland.2612.DehradunisthestatecapitalofUttaranchal.2613.TheCapitalofAndamanandNicobarIslandsisPort
Blair.2614.KavarattiisthecapitalofLakshadweep.2615.IntermsofsizetheloweststateinIndiaisGoa.2616.Thestatethathasthelowestdensityofpopulation
inIndiaisSikkim.2617.OneoftherecentlyformedstatesinIndiais
Jharkhand.2618.AnimportantpilgrimagecentresituatedinHimachal
PradeshisKedarnath.2619.InIndia,wetdensetropicalforestsarefoundinthe
WesternGhats.2620.PondicherryisaUnionTerritoryofIndia.2621.TheMangroveforestsarefoundinSunderbans.2622.TheCherrapunjiisbetterknownforitshighest
rainfall.2623.ThelandofIndiaiswell-knownforherUnityin
diversity.
2624.ThepasslocatedinHimachalPradeshisShipkila.2625.MalwaplateauisdrainedbyChambal.2626.PeninsularplateauliestothesouthofGreatPlains.2627.Thedescriptionofthephysicalreliefofacountryis
knownasPhysiography.2628.Accordingtothegeologistsearththatwelivein
todaywassurroundedbyawaterbodycalledpanthalasa.
2629.Accordingtothegeologists,AngaraandGondwanalandmasseswereseparatedbyanelongatedshallowseacalledtethys.
2630.Accordingtogeologists,NorthernGangeticPlainswasaresultofsiltdepositionintheTethysSea.
2631.TheWesternHimalayasisalsoknownasTransHimalayas.
2632.World’ssecondhighestpeakisGodwinAustin.2633.GodwinAustin(K2)lieintheWesternHimalayas.2634.TheSiachinglacierisfoundinWesternHimalayas.2635.ThehighestplateauinIndiainthenorth-westof
KashmirisLadakhplateau.2636.TheCentralHimalayasstretchesfrom Kashmirin
thenorth-westtoArunachalPradeshintheeast.2637.TheCentralHimalayasstretchesfrom Kashmirin
thenorth-westtoArunachalPradeshintheeastforabout2500kms.
2638.ThenorthernmostrangeoftheHimalayasistheHimadrirange.
2639.TheaverageheightoftheHimadrirangeis6000mts.
2640.ThehighestpeakoftheHimalayasisfoundatthealtitudeof8848mts.
2641.KanchanJungaisanimportantpeakthatliesintheCentralHimalayas.
2642.AnimportantpeakthatliesintheHimadriisNandaDevi.
2643.AlongitudinalValleyfoundintheSiwalikisDehradun.
2644.TheaverageheightoftheSiwalikrangeis1000mts.2645.ThemiddleregionoftheCentralHimalayasis
Himachal.2646.ThelongestrangeintheHimachalisPirpanjal.2647.OneofthepopularhillresortsintheHimachal
PradeshisGulmarg.2648.AlongitudinalValleyfoundintheSiwalikis
Dehradun.2649.TheplainsfoundinthelowerHimalayasthat
supportsgrowthofforestsandmarshylandisTaraiPlains.
2650.TheTamiraparaniriverrisesintheAgasthiarhillsanddrainsinTirunelvelidistrict.
2651.TheriverManimutharuisatriobutaryoftheTamiraparani.
2652.Thewestcoastalplainextendsfrom RannofKutchinthenorthtotheKanyakumariinthesouth.
2653.InKarnataka,thewestcoastalplainisalsocalledCanaracoast.
2654.TheNarmadaRiverflowsintotheGulfofKhambhat.2655.ThelargestlagoonfoundintheMalabarcoastis
Vembanad.2656.Theeastcoastalplainrunsfrom WestBengalinthe
northtotheKanyakumariinthesouth.2657.Thesouthernpartoftheeastcoastallineiscalled
Coromandalcoast.2658.IndiaexperiencesTropicalClimate.2659.TheCoastalareasenjoyhumidclimate.2660.Theplacethatgetsrainfrom Westerndisturbance
isPunjab.2661.Themountainswhichlieparalleltothedirectionof
theSouthwestMonsoonwindisAravalli.2662.ThelocalstormsinthenortheasternpartofIndia
duringhotweatherseasonarecalledNorwesters.2663.Themountainrangesthatpreventthecoldwinds
blowingintoIndiafrom CentralAsiaisthe
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Himalayas.2664.ThemountainrangesofIndiaexperiencethe
Equableclimate.2665.Theinteriorofplateausandnorthernplainshavethe
Continentalclimate.2666.ThecityofChennaiexperiencestheEquableclimate.2667.ThecitythatexperiencescontinentalclimateisNew
Delhi.2668.Thetypeofclimatecharacterizedbyextreme
conditionsofveryhotsummerandverycoldwinteristheContinentalclimate.
2669.ThesunshinesverticallyoverheadintheNorthernHemisphereduringsummer.
2670.TheJetStreamsarepositionedintheTroposphere.2671.InIndia,winterseasonbeginsinDecemberand
endsinFebruary.2672.TheseasonthatbeginsinMarchandendsinMayis
summerseason.2673.InInaidthesouth-westmonsoonseasonbeginsin
JuneandendsinSeptember.2674.Duringwinter,thesunraysareoverheadinthe
TropicofCapricorn.2675.NoobviousdifferencedayandNighttemperatures
isfoundinnorthernIndiaduringwinterseason.2676.Duringwinter,themeandaytimetemperaturein
northernIndiaremainsbelow210C.2677.WhenthereislowpressureintheBayofBengala
highpressureareaisformedintheNorthernIndia.2678.ThewindsthatbringrainfalltoTamilNaduand
southernpartsofAndhraPradesharetheretreatingmonsoon.
2679.ThelowpressuredepressionthatoriginateovertheMediterraneanSeaandtravelsacrossIranandPakistan.
2680.ThelowpressuredepressionsthatoriginateovertheMediterraneanduringthewintermonthsarecalledWesterndisturbances.
2681.ThewesterndisturbancesthatoriginateintheMediterraneanSeabringrainfalltoPunjabandHaryana.
2682.TheWesterndisturbancesbringsnowfallstoJammuandKashmir.
2683.HaryanaandHimachalPradeshreceiverainfallfromWesterndisturbances.
2684.TherainfallbroughtbythewesterndisturbancesinPunjabandHaryanaareusefulforthecultivationofWheat.
2685.DuringsummerseasonthesunraysfallverticallyovertheTropicofCancer.
2686.Thestronghotwindsthatblowoverthenorthernandnorth-westernpartsofIndiaarecalledLoowinds.
2687.Insummerthemeanmaximum temperaturein
southernIndiamayvaryfrom 260Cto300C.2688.Thepre-monsoonshowersthatoccurinwest
coastalareasarecalledMangoShowers.2689.Thelocalstormsthatoccurinsummerinnorth-
westernpartsofIndiaarecalledNorwesters.2690.TheNorwestersarecalledkalabaishakiinthestate
ofPunjab.2691.Thepre-monsoonMangoshowersoccuralongthe
coastofKerala.2692.RainyseasonbeginsinIndiaaftertheonsetofSW
monsoonwinds.2693.Thesouth-westmonsoonwindsoriginateinthe
IndianOcean.2694.Thesouth-westmonsoonwindsfirsthitthestateof
Kerala.2695.Theoccurrenceofsuddenandheavyrainfallwith
thunderandlightningiscalledtheMonsoonBurst.2696.TheArabianSeabranchofsouth-westmonsoon
strikesagainsttheWesternGhats.
2697.TheeasternsidesoftheWesternGhatsareLeewardregions.
2698.MumbaicityliesintheWindwardregionsofthesouth-westmonsoonwinds.
2699.Thecityliesintherainshadowsideofthesouth-westmonsoonwindsisChennai.
2700.ThesoilfoundinthearidzoneisknownasDesertsoil.
2701.Themonsoonforestsareotherwisecalledasdeciduousforest.
2702.Whichoneofthefollowingmineralsiscontainedinthemonazitesand?Uranium
2703.Thesurfacelayerontheearthisknownassoil.2704.ThemostfertilesoilfoundinIndiaisalluvialsoil.2705.ThemostinfertilesoilfoundinIndiaisaridand
desertsoil.2706.Thesoilthatisrichinpotashandphosphorousand
deficientinnitrogenandhumusiscalledalluvialsoil.2707.Theolderalluvium iscalledBhangar.2708.Thesoilthatispredominantlyfoundinthedeltaic
regionsofrivervalleysisalluvial.2709.Thesoilthatisformedduetothesolidificationof
lavaduringthevolcanicactivitieswhichoccurredalmostthousandsofyearsagoisblacksoil.
2710.HighagriculturalactivitiesinIndiaaremainlyduetothefertilenatureofalluvial.
2711.Thesoilthatisgoodforcottoncultivationisregursoil.
2712.Thesoilthatisrichincalcium carbonateandmagnesium contentisblacksoil.
2713.Thesoilthatisrichinferromanganesesubstanceisredsoil.
2714.Blacksoilisclayeyandimpermeablewithagreatcapacitytoretainwaterforalongtime.
2715.Thesoilthatisformedduetothedisintegrationofcrystallineandmetamorphicrocksisredsoil.
2716.Thesoilthatcracksduringsummerseasonisblacksoil.
2717.Thesoilthathasnon-retentivenaturetowardsmoistureisred.
2718.Thesoilthatsupportsthecultivationofplantationcropssuchasrubber,teaandcoffeeismountainsoil.
2719.TheprincipalgrowersofteainIndiaareAssam andWestBengal.
2720.Mangroveforestsactsasabulwarkagainsterosionbytheseaandstabilizetheshortline.
2721.ThetreesoftheseforestsshedtheirleavesduringsummerseasonisMonsoon.
2722.Indiaisthesecondlargestcountryinhavingironreserves.
2723.Manganeseplaysanimportantroleintheironandsteelindustryasitmakessteelhardandrustproof.
2724.BauxiteistheoreofAluminum.2725.Copperisagoodconductorofheatandelectricity.2726.Micaisabadconductorofheatandelectricity.2727.CoalisalsoknownasBlackgold.2728.ManycoalfieldsarelocatedintheNorth-eastern
partofIndia.2729.Petroleum isalsoknownasmineraloil.2730.RecentlyithasbeenfoundthatKrishna-Godavari
deltahasreservesofnaturalgas.2731.Thermalenergyisproducedusingcoal,petroleum
andnaturalgas.2732.InIndiathefirsthydroelectricitypowerstationwas
startedin1897inDarjeeling.2733.In1902powerstationwasestablishedat
Sivasamudram waterfalls,intheriverCauvery.2734.Nuclearenergyisproducedfrom mineralssuchas
Uranium andthorium.2735.50%oftheworld’sthorium depositisfoundinIndia.2736.Sunlightcanbedirectlyconvertedtoelectricity
throughthe‘photovoltaictechnology.
http://kalviamuthu.blogspot.com
2737.ThelargestsolarenergyconversioncentreinIndiaislocatedatMadhapuriinBhujdistrict.
2738.Bushes,wastesfrom crops,humanandanimalwastesareusedtoproducebiogas.
2739.InThiruvananthapuram andAndamanandNicobarIslandsWaveenergyplantsaresetup.
2740.TidalenergyislargelygeneratedatGulfofKhambat.2741.Riceisgrownwellinthealluvialsoil.2742.Teaandcoffeecropsaregrownwellonthe
mountainslopes.2743.Thecropsthatgrowindroughtaremillets.2744.Cottonisacashcrop.2745.Thestaplefoodcropsarericeandwheat.2746.Agricultureplaysavitalroleinsocio-economic
developmentofIndia.2747.InIndiadifferentagriculturalpatternsarepracticed
duetovariedgeographicalfactors.2748.Landform,climate,soiltypeandwaterare
determinantfactorsofagriculture.2749.Blacksoilisidealforthecultivationofcotton.2750.Themajorcropgrowninthealluvialplainsanddelta
isrice.2751.Thecroppingpatternisdecidedmainlybyamount
ofrainfall.2752.Thecropthatgrowsinareasofabundantrainfallis
paddy.2753.Thecropthatisnormallygrownintheinteriorparts
ofIndiaisMillets.2754.Thetypeofagricultureinwhichcropsgrownare
consumedbyfarmerandhisfamilymembersisSubsistenceagriculture.
2755.Subsistenceagricultureisrestrictedtothecultivationoffoodcrops.
2756.ThetypeofagriculturenormallypracticedinplainsanddeltaicregionsisSubsistenceagriculture.
2757.Thetypeofagricultureinwhichfarmerstriestogetthemaximum withhighinputoffertilizers,hybridvarietyofseedsisknownasintensiveagriculture.
2758.ThecropswhicharegrowntoexporttoothercountriesisknownasExtensiveagriculture.
2759.Commercialagriculturalproductsareusedasrawmaterialsintheagrobasedcommercialindustries.
2760.Thetypeofagricultureinwhichcultivatedcropsaresoldinthedomesticaswellasinternationalmarketisknownascommercial.
2761.Thecommercialagricultureisadoptedinthecultivationofcotton.
2762.ThetypeofagriculturethatiscommonlyadoptedinwesternIndiaiscommercialagriculture.
2763.PlantationagricultureispracticedontheslopesofCardamom hills.
2764.Dryfarmingmethodisfollowedinthecultivationofcropssuchasgram andpeas.
2765.WetfarmingisnormallypracticedontheslopesofWesternGhats.
2766.Thecropsnormallygrownunderwetfarmingarericeandjute.
2767.Thepatternofagricultureinwhichonlyonecropisgrownontheentireagriculturalfieldatatimeistermedasmono-cropping.
2768.Thecropsnormallycultivatedundermonoculturepatternareteaorcoffee.
2769.Thepatternofagricultureinwhichtwocropsaregrownonasingleagriculturalfieldatatimeistermedasdualcropping.
2770.Thisgoodexamplefordualcroppingpatternwheatwithmustard.
2771.Agoodexampleformultiplecroppingisjowar-bajra-groundnut.
2772.ThecroppingseasonthatbeginsjustbeforethemonsoonandendsafterautumnisKharifseason.
2773.Thecroppingseasonthatbeginswiththebeginningofwinterandendswiththebeginningofsummeris
Rabiseason.2774.Thecroppingseasonthathasonlythreemonths
(April,MayandJune)isZaidseason.2775.ThemostimportantcropscultivatedduringRabi
seasonsarewheatandoilseeds.2776.ThemostimportantcropscultivatedduringKharif
seasonarericeandcotton.2777.ThemostimportantcropscultivatedduringZaid
seasonarewatermelonandcucumber.2778.ThedurationoftheKharifseasonisJuneto
October.2779.ThedurationoftheRabiseasonisNovemberto
May.2780.Thecropthatgrowswellonalluvialplainsandriver
deltaispaddy.2781.Riceisatropicalcrop.2782.Oneofthemethodsadoptedinricecultivationis
dibbling.2783.Transplantingisamethodadoptedinrice
cultivationofPaddy.2784.Thanjavurdistrictiscalledasthe‘ricebowl’ofTamil
Nadu.2785.ThepaddycropsgrowninThanjavurregionare
classifiedasSamba,KuruvaiandThaladi.2786.Sambaisalongterm cropinThanjavurregion.2787.Kuruvaicropisgrownwithinthreeorfourmonths.2788.Thepaddygrowninthefieldsoftheprevious
harvestisknowncolloquiallyastheThaladiinThanjavurregion.
2789.ThevarietyofseedrecommendedforcultivationofpaddyintheuplandsofHimachalPradeshisSukaradhara1.
2790.ThestaplefoodofsouthIndiaisrice.2791.Oneofthetwovarietiesofsugarcanecultivatedin
Indiaissub-tropical.2792.Oneofthestatesthatgrowstropicalvarietyof
sugarcaneisTamilNadu.2793.Cottonisanimportantfibrecrop.2794.Seedsofcottonareusedinthemanufactureof
fertilizers.2795.Thevarietyofcottonthathasagreatvalueinthe
internationalmarketislongstaplecotton.2796.ThesoilthatisgoodforcottoncultivationisRegur
orblacksoil.2797.ThetwomajorcottonproducingstatesinIndiaare
MaharashtraandGujarat.2798.Thecropthatisotherwiseknownas‘goldenfibreof
India’isjute.2799.Juteisusedinthemanufactureofpacking
materials.2800.Thesoilthatisgoodforthejutecultivationis
alluvialsoil.2801.Themicrobiologicalprocessthatloosenstheouter
barkofthejutestalkiscalledretting.2802.ThetwomainteagrowingstatesinIndiaareAssam
andWestBengal.2803.Oneoftheimportantplantationcropscultivatedin
Indiaisrubber.2804.CoffeecomesunderthecategoryofBeveragecrop.2805.ThecropgrowninthehillsofNilgirisandAnaimalai
inTamilNaduistea.2806.Thecultivationofcoffeeismainlyconfinedtothe
stateofKarnataka.2807.RubbercultivationisconfinedtothestateofKerala
inIndia.2808.Rubberisobtainedfrom thelatexofrubbertree.2809.TobaccowasbroughttoIndiain1508by
Portuguese.2810.ThemajortobaccoproducingstateinIndiais
AndhraPradesh.2811.Thetechnologythatisusedasatoolinagriculture
tomodifybiologicalprocessiscalledbiotechnology.2812.TheNationalResearchCentreonplant
http://kalviamuthu.blogspot.com
Biotechnologywasestablishedintheyear1985.2813.TheNationalResearchCentreonplant
BiotechnologywasestablishedatDehradun.2814.Cottontextileindustryisagrobasedindustry.2815.ManchesterofIndiaisMumbai.2816.Tataironandsteelindustryislocatedat
Jamshedpur.2817.ChotonagpurPlateauisnotedforMineralresources.2818.ThecityknownasElectronicCapitalisBangalore.2819.Themostimportantfactorthatdeterminesthe
locationofindustriesisrawmaterials.2820.Ironandsteelindustriesarelocatednearcoalmines.2821.Theindustrythatisgenerallylocatedintheregions
denselypopulatedwithskilledlabourisAgro-basedindustries.
2822.Heavyindustriessuchasoilrefineriesaregenerallylocatednearthesourceoftransport.
2823.Thefactorwhichhelpsinquickdisposalofmanufacturedgoodsismarket.
2824.ThelargestsugarproducerintheworldisRussia.2825.ThestateinSouthernIndiawhichisthelargest
producerofsugarcaneisTamilNadu.2826.Theimportantbyproductsofsugarindustryare
Bagassesandmolasses.2827.ThecrushedsugarcaneorBagasseisusedto
manufacturepaper.2828.Thethickdarksyrupobtainedfrom rawsugaris
calledMolasses.2829.PaperindustryisaForestbasedindustry.2830.Theseareconsideredastheeconomicbackboneof
acountryIronandsteelindustries.2831.Mostoftheironandsteelindustriesarelocatedin
theChotanagpurplateau.2832.HaematiteandMagnetiteareironores.2833.Thefirstandthelargestironandsteelindustrywas
establishedinJharkhand.2834.TataIronandSteelwasestablishedbyJamshedji
Tata.2835.Theironandsteelcompanywasestablishedby
mergingthreesteelplantsofWestBengalwascalledIndianIronandSteelCompany.
2836.AlargeintegratedironandsteelplantwaserectedatBurnpurinWestBengal.
2837.AlargepublicsectorironandsteelindustryislocatedatBhadravatiinKarnataka.
2838.AlargeintegratedsteelplantwaserectedatBokaroinJharkandstate.
2839.BhilaiinChattisgarhhasalargepublicsectorinIronandSteelindustry.
2840.AGurumahisimineofMayurbhanjisOrissahasalargereserveofIronore.
2841.ThecoalminesthatsupplymostofthecoalrequirementsoftheironandsteelindustryareJhariaandRaniganj.
2842.Thefirstshort-basedintegratedsteelplantinIndiaisVishakapattinam steelplant.
2843.TheSalem plantgetsironorefrom mineslocatedinKanchamalaihills.
2844.ThepowernecessaryforSalem steelismadeavailableform Metturproject.
2845.ThefirstAutomobileindustrythatwasestablishedatKurlainMumbaiwasPremierautomobilesLimited.
2846.HindustanMotorshasalargeautomobileplantatUttaraparainWestBengal.
2847.TheVijayanagarsteelplantisinKarnatakastate.2848.TheIndianIndustrythathasacquiredaworldclass
status(Globalpowerhouse)isSoftwareindustry.2849.IndiancomputersSoftwareindustryhasbeen
successfulmainlybecauseIndiahaslargepoolofskilledEnglishspeakingpeople.
2850.NaturalnutrientenrichmentofstreamsandlakesisEutrophication.
2851.ThemaincausefornaturalairpollutionisVehicularemission.
2852.Contaminationofairiscalledairpollution.2853.Vehicleswhichareeco-friendlyarecertifiedas
BharathIIandIII.2854.AutomobilesproduceNitrogenoxide.2855.Bhopalgastragedyisonetheworldworstindustrial
disasters.2856.TheBhopalgastragedyhappenedintheyear1984.2857.Mostcommonairpollutiondirectlyaffectsthe
cardio-vascularsystem.2858.Theatmospherecontainsathinlayerofozone
aboveearth’ssurfacewhichprotectslife.2859.Theozonelayeroftheatmospherepreventsharmful
ultravioletradiationsfrom reachingthesurfaceoftheearth.
2860.ThediseasethatmaybecausedduetotheexposuretoultravioletradiationsisSkincancer.
2861.Thereleaseofchemicalchlorofluorocarbons.2862.Tradecarriedonwithinthedomesticterritoryofa
countryisknownasinternaltrade.2863.Tradeblocsarecreatedtomakethemultilateral
tradeeasier.2864.Costefficientandmostpopularmodeoftransport
inourcountryisRoadways.2865.TheheadquarterofIndianRailwaysisDelhi.2866.Thecostliestandmostmodernmeansoftransport
isAirtransport.2867.Transportisanactorprocessofbuying,sellingor
exchanginggoodsandservices.2868.Internaltradeisalsoknownaslocaltrade.2869.Thetradewhichiscarriedwithinthedomestic
territoryofacountryisknownasinternaltrade.2870.InternaltradeisbasedontheNation’scurrency.2871.InternationaltradeisalsoknownasExternaltrade.2872.Thetradecarriedonbetweentwoormorecountries
isknownasInternationaltrade.2873.Waterwaystransportplaysamajorroleinthe
internationaltrade.2874.Internationaltradeiscarriedonbyforeigncurrency.2875.Thetradecarriedoutbetweentwocountriesbased
ontheagreementdealofnotusingcurrencyforpaymentisBilateraltrade.
2876.ThetradecarriedoutbetweenmanycountriesisMultilateraltrade.
2877.ExportandimportaretwocomponentsofTrade.2878.Thedifferencebetweenthevaluesofexportand
importiscalledBalanceoftrade.2879.Ifthevalueofexportinacountryishigherthanthe
valueofimportitiscalledfavourablebalanceoftrade.
2880.Ifthevalueofimportinacountryishigherthanthevalueofexportitiscalledunfavourablebalanceoftrade.
2881.RoadwaysnetworkinIndiaisthesecondlongestintheworld.
2882.Theroadsthatlinkdifferentvillagesandtownisknownasvillageroads.
2883.TheroadsthatlinktownwiththedistrictheadquartersisDistrictroads.
2884.Villageroadsaremaintainedbyvillagepanchayats.2885.TheroadthatismaintainedbytheCorporationsand
MunicipalitiesisDistrictroads.2886.Theroadsthatlinksthestatecapitalwiththe
differentdistrictheadquartersisStateHighwaysroads.
2887.TheStatehighwaysroadsareconstructedandmaintainedbytheStatePublicWorksDepartment.
2888.TheroadthatlinksthestatecapitalswithnationalcapitalisknownasNationalhighways.
2889.AnationalhighwayismaintainedbytheCentralpublicworksdepartment.
2890.TheshortesthighwayisNH-47A.
http://kalviamuthu.blogspot.com
2891.Theshortestnationalhighwayrunsfrom ErnakulamtoCochin.
2892.ThelongestNationalhighwayisNH7.2893.Thelongestnationalhighwayrunsfrom
KanyakumaritoVaranasi.2894.Amajorroaddevelopmentprojectlaunchedbythe
GovernmentofIndiaisGoldenQuadrilateralSuperHighways.
2895.Sixlanessuperhighwaysconnectthe4numberofmetropolitancities.
2896.North-SouthcorridorroadlinksSrinagar-Kanyakumari.
2897.East-westcorridorroadconnectsSilchar-Porbander.2898.ThemainobjectiveoftheGoldenQuadrilateral
SuperHighwaysisconnectivity.2899.TheGoldenQuadrilateralSuperHighwaysare
implementedbytheNationalHighwayAuthorityofIndia(NHAI).
2900.BOTmeansBuildOperateandTransfer.2901.Theroadsthatarethetechnologicallyimproved
highclassroadsintheIndianRoadNetworkareknownasExpressways.
2902.TheroadsthatareconstructedalongthenorthernandnortheasternbordersofourcountryarecalledBorderroads.
2903.TheBorderroadsareconstructedandmaintainedbyBorderRoadsOrganisation(BRO).
2904.BROisregardedasasymbolofnationbuilding,nationalintegrationandaninseparablecomponentinmaintainingthesecurityofthecountry.
2905.TheroadsthatlinkIndiawithneibouringcountriesforpromotingharmoniousrelationshipisknownasInternationalHighways.
2906.InIndiaRailwaysprovidestheprincipalmodeoftransportationforfreightandpassengers.
2907.Thefirsttrainsteamedfrom BombaytoThanein1853.
2908.ThefastesttraininIndiaisBhopalShatabti.2909.ThefastesttrainsBhopalShatabtirunfrom Bhopal
toNewDelhi.2910.TherailsystemsinIndiawerenationalizedasone
unitin1951andcalledastheIndianRailways.2911.AnIndianrailwayisthelargestrailnetworkinAsia
andsecondlargestintheworld.2912.TheIndianrailwaynetworkrunsonthemultiguage
operation.2913.TheIndiaRailwaysisdividedinto17zones.2914.TheheadquartersofSouthernRailwaysisChennai.2915.PhysiographyofIndiahasplayedamajorroleinthe
distributionofRailwaynetwork.2916.Thetrainswhichconnectthecommutersofsub
urbanareastotheurbanareasareknownasElectricMultipleUnits(EMU).
2917.Therailwaysystem whichisanelevatedlineofthesuburbanrailwayinChennaiisknownasMassRapidTransitsystem (MRTS).
2918.TheMRTSisoperatedbytheStateownedsouthern.2919.InearlierdaysPipelineswereusedtotransport
watertocities.2920.Pipelineoperationinvolvesverylowconsumptionof
energy.2921.Awaterwayisafuelefficientandenvironment
friendlymodeoftransport.2922.TheWaterwaysAuthorityofIndiahasidentifiedas
NationalWaterways.2923.TheAllahabad-HaldiastretchofGangaidentifiedas
NationalWaterwaynumber1.2924.TheSaidiya-DhubristretchoftheBrahmaputrais
identifiedasNationalwaterwaynumber2.2925.TheKollam-Kottapuram stretchoftheWestcoast
canalisidentifiedaswaterwaynumber3.2926.ThemajorportsofIndiaaremanagedand
controlledbyPortTrust.
2927.Themedium andminorportsofIndiaarecontrolledbyStategovernments.
2928.IndiaisthesecondlargestshipowningcountryinAsia.
2929.TherealinitiationforairtransportinIndiawasmadebyJRDTatain1932.
2930.TheairlinestartedbyJRDTatawasknownasTataAirline.
2931.In1946TataAirlinewasrenamedasAirIndia.2932.Airtransportwasnationalizedintheyear1953.2933.Theairlinewhichwassetuptocatertotheneedsof
domesticmarketwasIndianAirlines.2934.Theairlinewhichtakescareoftheinternational
sectorisAirIndia.2935.TheGovernmentofIndiamergedtheAirIndia
AirlinesunderNationalAviationCorporationofIndiaLimited(NACIL)intheyear2007.
2936.AirportAuthorityofIndia(AAI)wasconstitutedintheyear1995.
2937.Pawan-HansHelicopterLtd.Isapublicsectorcompany.
2938.ThevariouswaysofsharinginformationwitheachotheristermedasMeansofcommunication.
2939.Personalcommunicationreferstoexchangingofinformationbetweentowpersons.
2940.Thedevicethatenablesinstanttransmissionofanymatter,handwrittenorprintedmatterbyusingtelephonelineisFAX.
2941.RadiobroadcastinIndiawasstartedintheyear1927.
2942.RadiobroadcastwasrenamedasAllIndiaRadio(AIR)in1936.
2943.In1957AIRcametobecalledasAkasavani.2944.TelevisioninIndiaisknownasDoordarshan.2945.Themostcommonbutpowerfulmeansof
communicationisNewspaper.2946.Internetmeansinterconnectednetworkofnetworks,
whichlinksthousandsofsmallercomputernetworks.
2947.Thetextbasedsystem tosendandreceivemessageisE-mail.
2948.MapscreatedbyusingaerialphotographsarecalledOrthophotoMaps.
2949.Theobjectunderstudyisknownastarget.2950.ThedevicetodetecttheElectroMagneticRadiation
isSensor.2951.Groundsurveyisamethodofcollectingdataof
resourcesinsmallareasatatime.2952.Themosteffectivetechnologytogatherinformation
onanypartoftheearthwithinashortspanoftimewithoutfootingtheregionisRemoteSensingtechnology.
2953.Remotesensingoftheenvironmentbygeographersisusuallydonewiththehelpofmechanicaldevicesknownassensors.
2954.ThedevicesthathavegreatlyimprovedabilitytoreceiveandrecordinformationaboutanearthobjectwithoutanyphysicalcontactisSensor.
2955.Thesensorsrecordinformationaboutanobjectbymeasuringtheelectromagneticenergy.
2956.TheattemptofusingahotairballoonandprimitivecamerastotakeobliqueaerialphotographsofthelandscapewasmadebyFrench.
2957.DuringtheWorldWarIairplaneswereusedtotakesystematicaerialimages.
2958.Theprocessofcomparingdifferentaerialphotographsandcomputingaccuratephotogrammetrymeasurementsiscalledphotogrammetry.
2959.Arevolutioninremotesensingtechnologybeganwiththedeploymentofsatellites.
2960.ThefirstmeteorologicalsatellitewhichwaslaunchedbytheUnitedStateswasTIROS-1.
http://kalviamuthu.blogspot.com
2961.Thefirstsatellitesensordedicatedtothemulti-spectralremotesensingwaslaunchedintheyear1972.
2962.ThesecondrevolutioninremotesensingtechnologybeganwiththelaunchofERTS.
2963.TheEarthResourceTechnologySatellite(ERTS)wasrenamedasLANDSAT.
2964.ThecountrythatlaunchedtheSPOTprogrammewasFrance.
2965.Thesourcesthatprovideelectromagneticenergytothetargetareenergy.
2966.Indiaisacountrywithanunboundedfaithinpeace.2967.Pt.JawaharlalNehru’sfiveprinciplesofpeaceare
namedasPanchasheel.2968.NuclearTestBanTreatywassignedin1963.2969.IndiabroughtaresolutionintheUNGeneral
Assemblyinfavourofdisarmamentin1956.2970.Apartheidwasabolishedin1990.2971.ThefirstGeneralofSAARCwasAshan.2972.India’sforeignpolicywasevolvedwiththe
backgroundofhercolonialsufferings.2973.InKoreaandinIndo-Chinapeacehasbeen
establishedbythegreateffortsofIndia.2974.DuetotheinterventionofIndiaawarwasaverted
betweenIsraelandEgypt.2975.‘AGreatPeaceMaker’isthenamegiventoIndia.2976.ThefiveprinciplesofJawaharlalNehruarepopularly
knownasPanchasheel.2977.ItisnotpossibletohaveEconomicdevelopment
withoutworldpeace.2978.IndiaisagainsttheproductionofNuclearweapons
andbegantocondemnitthroughouttheworld.2979.ThetwoworldblocsformedaftertheSecondWorld
WarwasAmericanBlocandRussianBloc.2980.IndiaisbasicallyagainstColonization.2981.IndiahelpedIndonesiatofreeherfrom Holland.2982.Indiasupportedfreedom movementsinthe
countrieslikeEgypt,Sudan,IndoChinaetc.2983.Indiakeptawayfrom militarypactsandvehemently
condemnedthesepacts.2984.Thecountrywhichactedasanaggressoragainst
AlgierswasFrance.2985.Thecountrywhichactedasanaggressoragainst
CypruswasEngland.2986.Thecountrywhichactedasanaggressoragainst
HungarywasRussia.2987.IndiavotedinfavourofChinainbecomingthe
memberofUNO.2988.Indiaraisedtheproblem ofapartheidintheUNOin
1946.2989.ApartheidwasapolicyfollowedinSouthAfrica.2990.TheleaderwhostruggledagainstapartheidinSouth
AfricawasNelsonMandela.2991.TomaintainpeaceinregionallevelIndiatook
initiativetoform SAARC.2992.ThefirstmeetingofSAARCwasheldatDaccain
Bangladesh.2993.Themostpopularform ofGovernmentinmodern
daysisOligarchy.2994.DirectDemocracyexistedinancientSardinia.2995.TeluguDesam isaRegionalParty.2996.Iftwopartiesexistinacountry,itiscalledsingle
partysystem.2997.Theoppositionpartyleaderwillbegiventhestatus
ofacabinetminister.2998.Tocontestanelectionapersonshouldbeabovethe
ageof18.2999.Thebodyoftheelectedrepresentativesatthe
Centrallevelisknownaslegislature.3000.Thestatusofelectioncommissionerisequivalentto
thatofthemagistrate.3001.Theelectionprocessinthestatelevelissupervised
bychiefelectioncommissioner.
3002.ElectionCommissionissituatedatNewDelhi.3003.Theterm DemocracywasfirstusedbyHerodotus.3004.Democracyisaterm derivedfrom Greekwords.3005.Theform ofgovernmentinwhichthehighestpower
ofthestateisvestedwiththepeopleistermedasdemocracy.
3006.ThebestdefinitionofthedemocracywasgivenbyAbraham Lincoln.
3007.‘Democracyisagovernmentinwhicheveryonehasashare’wassaidbyProf.Seeley.
3008.PrinciplesofLiberty,EqualityandFraternityarethefoundationofDemocracy.
3009.Directdemocracyispossibleonlyinsmallcountries.3010.DirectdemocracyexistedinGreekcitystates.3011.InancientIndia,Villagepanchayatsystem was
functioningbasedondirectdemocraticnorms.3012.Inindirectdemocracytherepresentativesare
answerabletotheGovernment.3013.InIndia,peopleelecttheirrepresentativesthrough
Directandindirect.3014.ThemembersoftheRajyaSabhaareelected
throughdirectelections.3015.InIndia,therepresentativeofthepeoplewhois
electedthroughindirectelectionsisVicePresident.3016.InIndiatherepresentativeofthepeoplewhois
electedthroughdirectelectionsisMemberofRajyaSabha.
3017.Thepartysystem practicedinIndiaisMultipartysystem.
3018.InIndia,thepoliticalpartiesgettheirrecognitionfrom theServicecommission.
3019.PoliticalpartieshelpinformingDemocraticopinion.3020.Acandidatewhodoesnotbelongtoanypolitical
partyandwishestocontesttheelectionisknownasindependent.
3021.TheprocessofcheckingtheinformationgiveninthenominationpaperofacandidateistermedasChecking.
3022.Thelistofpromisesandassurancesgivenbythepoliticalpartiesinordertolurethevotersistermedaspromise.
3023.Onthevotingdayitisthedutyofeverycitizentoexerciserighttoexpress.
3024.TheinstitutionthathasprovidedanindependentElectionCommissiontothecountryisLokSabha.
3025.TheelectioncommissionofIndiaconsistsoffivemembers.
3026.InIndiatheMembersoftheElectionCommissionareappointedbythepresident.
3027.TheelectioncommissionersinIndiaholdofficeforaterm ofsixyears.
3028.TheOfficeoftheElectionCommissionofIndiaisknownasRajBavan.
3029.TheofficerinchargeoftheelectionsinthestateisknownasChiefelectoralofficer.
3030.TheancientreligionofourcountryisChristianity.3031.RecognizedofficiallanguagesofIndiaare22.3032.Languageis,themeansofTransport.3033.ThembavaniisrelatedtoHinduism.3034.BuddhaPoornimaiscelebratedbytheHindus.3035.MusicandDanceplayanimportantpartinfostering
unityandintegration.3036.IndiaisrightlycalledasMuseum ofhumanrace.3037.ChristianitywasbroughttoIndiabySt.Peter.3038.ThePersiansbroughtZoroastrianism religionto
India.3039.Muslim conquestofIndiabroughtBuddhism religion.3040.InIndiaspokenlanguagesareabout845.3041.TheNationallanguageofIndiaisHindiinBrahmi
script.3042.Englishisusedasconcurrentlanguage.3043.TheRamayanaandMahabharataarethetwoEpics.3044.ThirukkuralisthegreatestliteraryworkinTamil.
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3045.TheBhagavad-GitaistheholybookofHindus.3046.Apersonwhogivesfinaluitilitytoacommodityis
Consumer.3047.ThecustomersareexploitedbytheTraders.3048.TheRighttoInformationActwaspassedbythe
Parliamenton12thOct,2005.3049.WorldConsumer’sdayiscelebratedonMarch15.3050.TheMagnacartaofconsumersinCOPRA.3051.Oneoftheplanningschemestocreateawareness
amongtheconsumersisTradefair.3052.Ourdemandforfoodsandservicesisinfluencedby
theAdvertisement.3053.Inthenameofgenuineparts,Duplicateitemsare
beingsoldtotheconsumers.3054.TheconsumershavetheRighttobeprotected
againstmarketingofgoodsandservices.3055.ConsumerscanseektoRedressalagainstunfair
tradepracticesorexploitation.3056.Thecitizens’righttoinformationisnotexplicitly
mentionedinthefundamentalrightschapteroftheConstitution.
3057.TheRTIActwaspassedbyParliamenttoenableallthecitizens’fundamentalrighttoaccessinformationfrom publicbodies.
3058.InIndiadistributionofessentialcommoditiesisdonethroughPublicdistributionSystem.
3059.ConsumerProtectionActwasenactedbythegovernmentintheyear1986.
3060.Consumer’scasesaredealtbyConsumercourts.3061.Toprotecttheconsumersform thelackofquality
andtosetupthestandardsforproductsBureauofIndianstandardsisestablished.
3062.BIScaterstoIndustrialandconsumergoods.3063.AgmarksetsthestandardsfortheAgricultural
products.3064.ThestandardizationofproductsattheInternational
leveliscaredbyISO.3065.TheinternationalOrganizationforStandardization
(IS0)islocatedinGeneva.3066.ISOisanon-governmentalorganizationestablished
in1947atinternationalleveltosetthestandardsofproducts.
3067.NationalIncomeisotherwisecalledasGrossNationalProduct.
3068.NationalIncomeofacountrycanbecalculatedby3methods.
3069.NetNationalProductisGNP(-)Depreciation.3070.India’spercapitaIncomeis950dollars.3071.PrimarysectorconsistsofAgriculture.3072.NationalIncomeisameasureofTotalvalueof
goodsandservices.3073.Expendituremethodestimatesnationalincome
from theExpenditureside.3074.IncomemethodsumsallformsofIncome.3075.PercapitaIncomeisanindicatorofLivingstandard
ofpeople.3076.PrimarysectorContributiontonationalIncomein
Indiais15.8%.3077.Peopleofoursocietyareclassifiedintorich,poor
andmiddleclass.3078.Countriesareclassifiedintodevelopedcountries
anddevelopingcountries.3079.CommonlyNationalIncomeiscalledasGross
NationalProduct.3080.NationalDividendisalsocalledasNationalIncome.3081.Thetotalincomeoftheeconomyasawholeis
termedasNationalIncome.3082.Nationalincomemeasuresthevolumeof
Commoditiesandservicesproducedduringagivenperiodcountedwithoutduplication.
3083.Themoneyvalueoffinalgoodsandservicesproducedinanaccountingyearinthedomestic
territoryofacountryiscalledGDP.3084.NetNationalProductatafactorcostisalsoknown
asNationalIncome.3085.TheNNPisequaltoGNP-Depreciation.3086.Declineinthevalueofcapitalassetsduetotearand
wearismeasuredasDepreciation.3087.NDPisthesum totalofmoneyvalueoffinalgoods
andservicesproducedinthecountryexcludingDepreciationcost.
3088.OutputperpersonisalsoknownasPercapitaincome.
3089.Percapitaincomeisobtainedbydividingthenationalincomebythepopulationofacountry.
3090.ThenationwhichgetsthehighestpercapitaincomeisJapan.
3091.ThecountrywhichgetslowestpercapitaincomeisBangladesh.
3092.OneofthefactorsofproductionisLand.3093.Thetotalvalueofallgoodsandservicesproduced
inacountryistakenintoaccountintheproduct.3094.TheIncomeandPaymentsreceivedbyallthe
peopleinthecountryarecalculatedinIncomemethod.
3095.Themethodinwhichtheexpenditureofallpeopleonconsumergoods,investmentandsavingarecalculatedisExpendituremethod.
3096.InIndiatheproductmethodandincomemethodsareusedtoarriveatNationalincome.
3097.TheunaccountedmoneyisotherwisecalledasBlackmoney.
3098.Themoneyearnedbyillegalactivities,illegalbusinessandcorruptioniscalledBlackmoney.
3099.Themoneythatunderestimatesthenationalincomeisblackmoney.
3100.Thetransactionthatoccursinformallyintheruraleconomyiscalledasnon-monetizedeconomy.
3101.ThepresenceofthiseconomykeepsthenationalincomeestimatesatlowerlevelthantheactualNon-Monetary.
3102.ThedifficultyassociatedinthecalculationofNationalincomeisinDoublecounting.
3103.Theerrorofdoublecountingmayoccurincalculatingrawmaterialsfirstandthenthefinishedproducts.
3104.Thedatacollectedintheagriculturesectorisunreliableandtheestimatesareunscientifictoo.
3105.Theanalysisthatignoresdomesticwork,housekeepingandsocialservicesisNationalIncomeanalysis.
3106.Mostofthevaluableworkrenderedbythem athomedoesnotenterournationalincome-Women.
3107.TheservicesrenderedbyMotherTeresatodestituteorphansandthediseasedarenotincludedinourNationalIncome.
3108.Thestudyofthisisneededtomeasurethesizeoftheeconomyandlevelofcountry’seconomicperformanceNationalIncome.
3109.ThereisaneedforthestudyofNationalincometomeasuretheproductionofgoodsandServices.
3110.Nationalincomestudyisdonetoknowthecontributionofprimary,secondaryandTertiarysectorintheNationalIncome.
3111.ThestudyofNationalincomehelpsthistoformulatedevelopmentplansandpoliciestoincreaseeconomicgrowth-Government.
3112.Theeconomicactivityofthenationisclassifiedintothreesectors.
3113.Agriculture,forestry,fishing,miningandquarryingcomeunderPrimarysector.
3114.Secondarysectorconsistsofmanufacturinggoods.3115.Manufacturingindustries,electricity,gas,water
supplyandconstructioncomeunderSecondary.3116.TertiarysectorconsistsofTrade.
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3117.Trade,hotelindustry,transport,storage,communication,finance,insurance,realestatesandsocialservicescomeunderTertiarysector.
3118.TheSecondarysectorcontributionofNationalIncomeinIndiais25.8%.
3119.TheTertiarysectorcontributionofNationalincomeis58.4%.
3120.ThegrowthrateofNationalincomeinIndiain2009is7.4%.
3121.InoldendaysthedoctrinethatwasprevalentinIndiawasLaissez-faire.
3122.Laissez-fairemeansNon-interventionbythegovernment.
3123.Inrecenttimesthegovernmentfunctionsasawelfarestate.
3124.OneofthefunctionsofthemodernwelfarestateisProtectivefunction.
3125.TheprimaryfunctionofthegovernmentistomaintainLawandorder.
3126.TheAdministrativefunctionofthestatehasthreeimportantwings.
3127.Legislature,ExecutiveandJudiciaryofthestatecomeunderAdministrativefunction.
3128.Thefunctionthatundertakesrelieftothepoor,sickandtheunemployediscalledSocialsecurityfunction.
3129.ThefunctionthatimprovesagricultureanddevelopstradeandindustryisEconomicfunction.
3130.FiveyearplaninIndiawasborrowedfrom SovietRussia.
3131.EleventhFiveYearPlanPeriodis2007-2012.3132.ChairmanofPlanningCommissionofIndiaisPrime
MinisterofIndia.3133.PlanningCommissionofIndiawassetupintheyear
1950.3134.NehrudecidedthatIndiawouldbeaMixedeconomy.3135.GreenRevolutionwasintroducedintheyear1967.3136.BhoodanMovementwasstartedbyArcharya
Vinobhabhave.3137.WhichyearhasaspecialSignificanceinIndian
Economy?19913138.TheOrganizationwhichisresponsibleforresearch
anddevelopmentintheareaofSatelliteandCommunicationisISRO.
3139.Asper2001censustheliteracyrateinIndiais64.8%.
3140.IndianeconomyintheearlydayswasVillageeconomy.
3141.Thiswastheprimaryoccupationofthevillageeconomy.
3142.Indiahadawellestablishedindustryinthenatureofhandicraft.
3143.ChiefamongtheindustriesthatflourishedinoldendayswasTextile.
3144.Tradeandcommerceflourishedonlyinurbancenters.
3145.Bengalwasfamousforcalicos.3146.Benareswasfamousforsilk.3147.TamilNaduwasfamousforHandlooms.3148.Kashmirwasfamousforshawls.3149.Ludhianawasfamousforwoolenproducts.3150.WhentheBritishconqueredIndiatheydisintegrate
theVillageeconomy.3151.TheBritishrulecoincidedwiththeIndustrial
RevolutioninEngland.3152.Indiawasconsideredastherepositoryofraw
materialsintendingforsupplyingtheindustrialneedsofEngland.
3153.Alltheexpansionsinvariousfieldsaimedatacceleratingtheprocessofeconomic.
3154.ThoughBritishaimedatexploitationtheiradministrationensuredunifiedIndia.
3155.JawaharlalNehrugavehighprioritytoAgriculture
whilestrengtheningtheruralbase.3156.FiveyearplanswererecommendedbyNehruto
improvetheNationaleconomy.3157.Russiahadsevenyearplan.3158.ToexecutiveFiveyearplansplanningcommission
wassetupinIndiain1950.3159.Theactivityoftheplanningcommissionwas
coordinatedbyafulltimeVice-Chairman.3160.TheMainobjectiveofthefiveyearplansinIndia
wasincreasingNationalincome.3161.Thecouncilwhichformedtoensurethecooperation
ofstatesintheimplementationof5yearplanswasNationaldevelopmentcouncil.
3162.ThememberoftheNationaldevelopmentcouncilisChiefMinistersofthestates.
3163.Now,11thplanisinprogress.3164.TheeleventhfiveyearplancommencedinApril
2007.
3165.Themainobjectiveofthe11thfiveyearplaninincreasingthepublicinvestment.
3166.InIndia,Agricultureisthebackboneoftheeconomy.3167.Thegreenrevolutionconceptwasintroducedby
ICAR.3168.Thegreenrevolutionlargelymeansincreasing
productionoffoodgrainsbyusingHighYieldingVarietyseeds.
3169.OneofthePublicsectorindustriesisHindustanshipYard.
3170.PublicSectorindustryreferstoindustriesrunbygovernment.
3171.Privatesectorindustriesrefertoindustriesrunbyprivate.
3172.BSNLandAirIndiacanbeclassifiedunderPublicindustry.
3173.AshokLeylandisanexampleforprivateindustry.3174.Theyear2011hasaspecialsignificanceinthe
Indianeconomy.3175.Theeconomicreformsaimedatrapid
industrialization.3176.Becauseoftheeconomicreformsinlandinvestment
inIndiaisincreasedmanyfold.3177.Thebusinessfirmsoperatinginseveralcountries
butcentrallymanagedfrom onecountryiscalledMultiNationalCorporations.
3178.NokiaCompanyistheexampleforMNC.3179.Smallscaleindustriesandcottageindustrieswere
allowedtoexpandbyprovidingthem concessions.3180.Cottageindustriesandhouseholdindustries
dependeduponlocalmarket.3181.CoirindustriesarebestexampleforCottage
industries.3182.Smallscaleindustriesdependonlargescale
industries.3183.Themovementtowardsafreemarketsystem is
knownasliberalization.3184.InliberalizationPrivatesectorsareencouragedto
enterintocoreindustrieswhicharereservedforpublicsector.
3185.Thetransformingalleconomicactivitiesfrom publicsectortoprivatesectorisknownasPrivatization.
3186.Acountryinwhichitdrawsrawmaterialsfrom anysourceoftheworldandmanufacturegoodsandservicesisknownasGlobalization.
3187.InGlobalizationthefinishedgoodsfindaplaceintheglobalmarket.
3188.Globalizationisthelinkageofnation’smarketswithglobalmarkets.
3189.TheultimatebenefitsofLPGINIndiaarethesizableincreaseinforeignexchangereserves.
3190.Indiaoccupiesauniquepositioninthefieldofnuclearprogramme.
3191.TheprimaryobjectiveofIndia’snucleartechnology
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isforpowergeneration.3192.Thefirstatomicpowerstationwasstaredin
Trombayin1956.3193.Atpresentthereare17atomicpowerstationsin
India.3194.Indiaisoneofthesixnationsintheworld,capable
oflaunchingsatellites.3195.Theorganizationwhichisresponsibleforresearch
anddevelopmentintheareaofsatellitecommunicationsandremotesensingisISRO.
3196.Intheyear1975thefirstsatelliteAryabhattawaslaunchedinIndia.
3197.AnIndianmissiontomoonChandrayanIwaslaunchedin2008.
3198.ChandrayanIdiscoveredthepresenceofwaterinthemoon.
3199.Indiahasthetenthlargesttelecom networkintheworld.
3200.Thecellularbaseisgrowingattherateofonemillionpermonth.
3201.InformationTechnologyreferstotheuseofcomputersandsoftwaretomanageinformation.
3202.OneofthemaintechnologycentresinIndiaisBangalore.
3203.TheITtechnologyearnsmillionsofcroresofrupeesasforeignexchange.
3204.WiproisanexampleofITsector.3205.ITsectorprovidesmassiveemploymentopportunity
totheIndianyouth.3206.AmongthestatesKeralahasthehighestliteracy
rateexceeding90%.3207.Thelowestliteracyrateof47%isinthestateof
Bihar.3208.Indiagovernmenttakesseriouseffortsforthe
enrolmentofchildrenuptotheageof14years.3209.IndiangovernmenthasbannedChildlabour.3210.UndertheRightofchildrentoFreeandcompulsory
EducationActof2990educationhasbeenmadefreeuptotheageof14.
3211.ThroughtheschemeSarvasikhshaAbhiyanenrolmenthasbeenenhanced.
3212.Thesecondaryeducationcoverschildrenof14to16years.
3213.Asignificantsystem ofIndia’ssecondaryschooleducationisinclusionofvocationalstream.
3214.India’shighereducationsystem isthethirdlargestintheworld.
3215.ThemaingoverningbodyatthetertiarylevelisUGC.3216.Theemphasisinthetertiaryleveleducationlieson
scienceandtechnology.3217.TamilNadustandsthirdamongtheIndianstatesin
theachievementofsocio-economicdevelopment.3218.TheprimaryeducationinTamilNaduhasa
remarkableexpansionduringtheperiodofK.Kamaraj.
3219.NoonmealandfreebuspassareWelfareschemesintroducedbythestate.
3220.TheeducationthatservesabridgebetweenprimaryandhighereducationisSecondary.
3221.LaptopsareprovidedtoXstudentswhogetstateranks.
3222.TamilNaduisoneofthemostadvancedstatesinthecountryinthefieldofHighereducation.
3223.ThemajorsourceoflivelihoodforthepeopleofTamilNaduisAgriculture.
3224.Ennorehaspowerstation.3225.Windisconsideredasnon-conventionalform of
energy.3226.BiomassenergyisproducedinNamakkaland
Dharmapuridistricts.3227.InajointventureNationalThermalPower
CorporationandTamilNaduElectricityBoardhaveestablishedaThermalstationinValloorofThivallur
District.3228.TheefficientRoadsystem inTamilNaduisthe
reasonforrapidindustrialization.3229.TherearethreemajorportsinTamilNadu.
PreparedbySridharcGovernmenthighschool,kunnathurVelloredistrict.
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