simple chemical formula
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COMPOUNDCOMPOUND DIFFERENT DIFFERENT ASPECTSASPECTS
MIXTUREMIXTURE
By a chemical By a chemical reactionreaction
Method of Method of formationformation
By physical By physical meansmeans
YesYes Formation of Formation of new new substancesubstance
NoNo
The new The new substance has substance has different different propertiesproperties
Properties of Properties of original original substancesubstance
Each element Each element retains its retains its original original propertiesproperties
COMPOUNDCOMPOUND DIFFERENT DIFFERENT ASPECTSASPECTS
MIXTUREMIXTURE
Can only be Can only be separated by separated by chemical chemical reactionreaction
Separation of Separation of substancesubstance
Can be Can be separated by separated by physical physical meansmeans
Elements Elements combined by combined by a specific ratioa specific ratio
CombinationCombination Elements do Elements do not combine not combine by a specific by a specific ratioratio
Heat is Heat is absorbed or absorbed or releasedreleased
Energy Energy changeschanges
No heat is No heat is absorbed or absorbed or releasedreleased
THE NAME OF ELEMENTS AND THE NAME OF ELEMENTS AND THE SIMPLE CHEMICAL THE SIMPLE CHEMICAL
FORMULAFORMULA
BASIC COMPETENCEBASIC COMPETENCE
To explain the name of To explain the name of element and the simple element and the simple chemical formula chemical formula
INDICATORSINDICATORS
Write the names of some Write the names of some elements given their symbolselements given their symbols
Write the names of some simple Write the names of some simple chemicals formulachemicals formula
After this lessons, students are able to :
Introduction of AtomIntroduction of Atom
Atom, tiny basic building block of Atom, tiny basic building block of matter. All the material on Earth is matter. All the material on Earth is composed of various combinations of composed of various combinations of atoms. atoms.
Atoms are the smallest particles of a Atoms are the smallest particles of a chemical element that still exhibit all chemical element that still exhibit all the chemical properties unique to the chemical properties unique to that element.that element.
The structure of atomThe structure of atom Atoms are made of smaller particles, Atoms are made of smaller particles,
called called electrons, protons, and neutronselectrons, protons, and neutrons. . An atom consists of a cloud of electrons An atom consists of a cloud of electrons
surrounding a small, dense nucleus of surrounding a small, dense nucleus of protons and neutrons. protons and neutrons.
Electrons and protons have a property Electrons and protons have a property called electric charge, which affects the called electric charge, which affects the way they interact with each other and with way they interact with each other and with other electrically charged particles. other electrically charged particles.
Electrons carry a negative electric charge, Electrons carry a negative electric charge, while protons have a positive electric while protons have a positive electric charge.charge.
Electron
Electron, negatively charged particle Electron, negatively charged particle found in an atom. found in an atom.
The electrons form the outer layer or The electrons form the outer layer or layers of an atom, while the layers of an atom, while the neutrons and neutrons and protons make up the nucleusprotons make up the nucleus, of the atom. , of the atom.
Electrons, neutrons, and protons are Electrons, neutrons, and protons are elementary particles—that is, they are elementary particles—that is, they are among the smallest parts of matter that among the smallest parts of matter that scientists can isolate. scientists can isolate.
Proton
elementary particle that carries a elementary particle that carries a positive electric charge and. positive electric charge and.
Protons and neutrons are the Protons and neutrons are the building blocks of the atomic building blocks of the atomic nucleus, the center of the atom.nucleus, the center of the atom.
Neutron
electrically neutral elementary electrically neutral elementary particle that is part of the nucleus of particle that is part of the nucleus of the atom. the atom.
Element is substance that contains Element is substance that contains only only one kind of atom.one kind of atom.
92 of the 108 element are nature.92 of the 108 element are nature. Element is substances that cannot be Element is substances that cannot be
decomposed or broken into more decomposed or broken into more elementary substances by ordinary elementary substances by ordinary chemical means. chemical means.
Elements were at one time believed to be Elements were at one time believed to be the fundamental substances but are now the fundamental substances but are now known to consist of a number of different known to consist of a number of different elementary particleselementary particles
Symbol and name of elementSymbol and name of element
Chemist use symbol to give name of Chemist use symbol to give name of elementelement
The symbol use The symbol use one or two lettersone or two letters, , taken from their old Latin or Greek taken from their old Latin or Greek namesnames
ExampleExample– Iron used to be called ferum, symbolizes Iron used to be called ferum, symbolizes
by by FeFe
Names and symbols of Names and symbols of elementselements
OXYGENOXYGENHYDROGENHYDROGENNITROGENNITROGEN IRONIRONCOPPERCOPPERSULPHURSULPHURSODIUMSODIUMGOLDGOLD
OOHHNNFeFeCuCuSSNaNaAuAu
CHEMICAL FORMULACHEMICAL FORMULA
A substance can be represented by A substance can be represented by its chemical formula. The chemical its chemical formula. The chemical formula tell us the number and types formula tell us the number and types of atoms in one molecule of the of atoms in one molecule of the substance.substance.
To understand the chemical formula To understand the chemical formula of substance, you must first be of substance, you must first be familiar with chemical symbols.familiar with chemical symbols.
the chemical formulae used to the chemical formulae used to represent themrepresent them
Nitrogen Gas
Two Nitrogen Atoms
N2
Each molecule of nitrogen gas is made up of two nitrogen atoms
Carbon monoxide gasCarbon monoxide gas
Each molecule of Carbon monoxide gas is made up of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom
One Carbon Atom One oxygen Atom
CO
WaterWater
Each molecule of water is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
One oxygen atomTwo Hydrogen Atoms
H 2 O
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