silage mycotoxins
Post on 16-Jul-2015
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Mycotoxins: definition
secondary metabolites
Mycotoxins
OCHRATOXIN
T-2 TOXIN
FUMONISIN
DEOXYNIVALENOL(DON)
ZEARALENONE
Aspergillus
Penicillium
Fusarium
Stachyobotris
Cephalosprium
Mycotoxins: definition
secondary metabolites
Mycotoxins
OCHRATOXIN
T-2 TOXIN
FUMONISIN
DEOXYNIVALENOL(DON)
ZEARALENONE
Aspergillus
Penicillium
Fusarium
Stachyobotris
Cephalosprium
Mycotoxigenic Fungi
REDUCED OR REFUSED INTAKE NEUROLOGICAL
ESTROGENICHEPATOTOXIC
IMMUNOTOXIC
Fink-Gremmels 2008The contribution of silage to total intake of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) was 3.5 and 2.9 times greater, respectively.
Fink-Gremmels 2008
Rumen detoxification capacity might be saturable
some mycotoxins have a high carry-over rate from feed to milkAflatoxin M1
Comparison of environmental conditions for fungal growth and toxin production by some common fungal species
Comparison of environmental conditions for fungal growth and toxin production by some common fungal species
(data from Sweeney and Dobson, 1998)
High incidence fungal species and potential mycotoxins at harvest and during ensiling
Abbreviations: AFLA: aflatoxins; CTN: citrinin; DON: deoxynivalenol; GT: gliotoxin; ZEA: zearalenone
+++ increase
−−− decrease
=: no change adapted from Cheli et al. 2013
FDA Regulation
In the United States, FDA has set an action level of 0.5 ppb for AFM1 in
milk (Code of Federal Regulations Part 109)
• Milk containing AFM1 concentrations above the action level must be
discarded, causing significant economic loss for the dairy producer. Similar
regulations exist in most developed countries.
Reduce the absorption of aflatoxin from the gastrointestinal tract
• Clays (bentonite)
• Yeast derivatives (non-digestible yeast oligosaccharides)
Milk aflatoxin concentrations (ppb)
Pre-treatment Aflatoxin only Aflatoxin + EFA
Experiment 1Control group 0.11 ± 0.07 2.08 ± 0.8 1.86 ± 0.75
Experimental Lallemand group 0.11 ± 0.07 2.44 ± 1.14 2.25 ± 0.85
Experiment 2Control group 0.11 ± 0.07 2.08 ± 0.8 1.86 ± 0.75
Experimental Alltech group 0.13 ± 0.094 2.78 ± 1.46 2.69 ± 1.31
MTB-100®-2004 group 0.09 ± 0.04 2.31 ± 1.08 2.12 ± 0.72
MTB-100®-2006 group 0.11 ± 0.07 2.66 ± 1.32 2.45 ± 0.95
Experiment 3Control group 0.27 ± 0.04 1.64 ± 0.71 1.61 ± 0.83
MTB-100®-2006 group 0.26 ± 0.04 1.62 ± 1.08 1.49 ± 0.91
Astra-Ben 20A® group 0.25 ± 0.05 1.60 ± 0.98 0.61 ± 0.21
AB-20® did not reduce AFM1 concentrations below the action level set by the FDA of 0.5 ppb.
Experimental feed additiveChange in milk aflatoxinconcentration (%)
Experiment 1
Experimental Lallemand product, 100 g/day +5.2
Experiment 2
MTB-100®-2004, 10 g/day +8.0
MTB-100®-2006, 10 g/day +6.2
MTB-100®, 10 g/day +9.5
Experiment 3
MTB-100®-2006, 50 g/day −5.1
Astra-Ben 20A®, 227 g/day −60.4*
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