significance of green buildings in the age of climate change

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SIGNIFICANCE OF ECOFRIENDLYBUILDINGS IN THE AGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE

You meant Climate Change!!!!!What actually is that ?????

INTRODUCTION

A Favourable environment is one having clean air , water and surrounding nature.This can be learned from Indian ancient culture and civilization, in which there is a tradition to worship Water , Fire, Earth, Air and River. In the last decade the environment has been affected by the human being in all aspect by their activities , that is known as different type of pollution.

Global warming is a biggest challenge in the form of giant /Dracula for the survival of the human being and other species.

Global Warming

The temperature of earth is gradually increasing due to Global warming. The reason of the global warming is emission of a large amount of polluted air from factories and various sources having the following bad effects

1. Melting of Glaciers

2. Rise in sea level

3. Natural disasters

4. Various types of species are being disappeared or extinct

5. Increasing Diseases

The challenges and its effects

The changes in the climate is affecting the following like normal environment ,average temperature ,rainfall and air blow,which are pointing towards disaster of human civilization.Scientists and researchers said that the main reason of environmental changes is global warming . And the concept of sustainable development has accepted all over the world

Nowadays, we should make a way to maximize our natural resources and also help our mother earth to get some relief since pollution is everywhere plus the global warming that we are all experiencing. Non-renewable energy is expensive and unsafe but did you know that through green building we can save a lot of energy. Before that, let's define first the meaning of green building (know also as green construction is the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and deconstruction.The importance of this is it lessen the consume of energy and the pollution as well because the more we use nonrenewable energy the higher the risk of pollution.

History of Earth’s Climate

• Earth formed ~4.6 billion years ago• Originally very hot• Sun’s energy output only 70% of present• Liquid water present ~4.3 billion years

History of Earth’s Climate

• Life appeared ~3.8 billion years ago• Photosynthesis began 3.5-2.5 billion years

ago– Produced oxygen and removed carbon

dioxide and methane (greenhouse gases)– Earth went through periods of cooling

(“Snowball Earth”) and warming• Earth began cycles of glacial and

interglacial periods ~3 million years ago

Sun

Earth’s Temperature

Solar

Energy

Solar

Energy

Solar

Energy

Solar

Energy

Sun

Earth’s Temperature

Solar

Energy

Solar

Energy

RadiationCooling

RadiationCooling

Sun

Earth’s Temperature

Solar

Energy

Solar

EnergyRadiationCooling

RadiationCooling

Sun

Earth’s Temperature

Solar

Energy

Solar

Energy

RadiationCooling

RadiationCooling

Greenhouse EffectSun

Earth’s Atmospheric Gases

Nitrogen (N2)

Oxygen (O2)

Water (H2O)

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Methane (CH4)

Non-Greenhouse

Gases99%

GreenhouseGases

1%

Worldwide Carbon EmissionsC

arb

on

(10

9 m

etri

c to

ns)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000Year

Liquid fuelLiquid fuelTotalTotal

Gas fuelGas fuelSolid fuelSolid fuel

Future Carbon Dioxide Levels

• Increasing CO2 emissions, especially in China and developing countries

• Likely to double within 150 years:– Increased coal usage– Increased natural gas usage– Decreased petroleum usage (increased cost

and decreasing supply)

Of all world greenhouse gas emissions come from households:

• Vehicles

• Home Heating

• Electricity

Households are Big Contributors to Climate Change

VIDEO

GREEN BUILDINGS

• Refers to a structure and using process that is environmentally responsible and resource efficient throughout a building’s life cycle : from sitting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition.

• Green building – also known as sustainable or high performance building increases the efficiency with which buildings and their sites use and harvest energy, water, and materials.

What is it all about ?

Site planning

Indoor Environmental

Quality

Water Management

Material Use

Energy

Objectives of a green building:

Objectives of a green building:

• Protecting occupant health• Improving employee productivity• Using energy, water and other resources more efficiently • Reducing overall impact to the environment• Optimal environmental and economic performance• Satisfying and quality indoor spaces

How to make a building green

o Sustainable site planning with bioclimatic architectural planning

o Incorporate solar passive techniques in a building design to minimize load on conventional systems

o Design energy efficient lighting and HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) system

o Use low energy and renewable materialso Choose construction materials and interior finishes

products with zero or low emissions to improve indoor air quality

o Use dimensional planning and other material efficiency strategies

o Design for a gray water system that recovers rain water for site irrigation and a dual plumbing system for use of recycled water for toilet flushing

o Use re-circulating systems for centralized hot water distribution

Considerations of a green building:

• Control erosion to reduce negative impacts on water and air quality

• Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use

• Limit disruption of natural water hydrology by reducing impervious cover, increasing on-site infiltration and managing storm water run-off

• Encourage and recognize increasing levels of self supply through renewable technologies to reduce environmental impacts associated with fossil fuel energy use

• Provide a high level of individual occupant control of ventilation and lighting systems to support good health, better productivity and a comfortable atmosphere

• Provide a connection between indoor spaces and outdoor environment through the introduction of sunlight and views into the occupied areas of the building

Building design• Orientation • Building insulation (walls of AEC block and roof with over deck

insulation and roof lawn)• Window sizing• Window shading (fixed overhangs)• Glass selection (with low thermal conductivity, low shading co-

efficient and high light transmission)• Envelope efficiency measures contributed to 12% savings over

base case

• System design• Energy efficient lighting (CFLs , efficient tubelights and electronic

ballasts)• Daylight sensing (90% lighting energy savings)• Efficient chillers, Variable air volume systems.• Wind towers for pre cooling of fresh air.

• Lighting efficiency measures contributed to 15% savings over base case and HVAC efficiency measures contributed 20% savings over base case

Use Efficient systems and controls

Lighting systems (CFLs, T-5 fluorescent lamps, LEDs, efficient ballasts, etc)

HVAC systems (Properly sized plants, efficient chillers, VAV based air handling systems, economizers, variable speed drives for pumps, chillers and fans etc.)

Water heating systems (solar assisted water heating systems, efficient boilers etc)

Energy management and control system

High Efficiency Pumps

High EfficiencyAHUs, FCUs

High Efficiency Cooling Towers

High EfficiencyChillers

Reduced HVAC

requirements

Reduced Energy

requirements

High EfficiencyWater Heating

Reduced Lighting requirements

Building Envelope

design

Sensors, Controls

Daylighting

High Performance Glazing

Insulation

Passive Systems

High Efficiency Lamps, Ballasts,

Luminaires

Controls:Enthalpy control,

Economizer, Reheat by Steam

Occupancy Load,Equipment Schedule

Whole building energy optimization

Whole building energy optimization

High Efficiency Pumps

High EfficiencyAHUs, FCUs

High Efficiency Cooling Towers

High EfficiencyChillers

HVAC requirements

HAP 4.05

Energy requirements

VisDOE 3.1

High EfficiencyWater Heating

Lighting requirements

Lumen Designer

Building Envelope

design

Sensors, Controls

Daylighting(Adeline)

High Performance Glazing (Window 5.0)

Insulation

Passive Systems(CFD,Suntect etc)

High Efficiency Lamps, Ballasts,

Luminaires

Controls:Enthalpy control,

Economizer, Reheat by Steam

Occupancy Load,Equipment Schedule

Whole building energy optimization

Whole design

HVAC design

Lighting design

Water system design

Architectural design/Site planning

Energy management and control design

Architectural design & Site planning

Bioclimatic architectural principles

Orientation Thermal mass Surface to volume ratio Positioning of windows , shading Selection of materials for wall , roof, windows, including insulation Landscaping

Buildings in hot climate… Orientation to cut off sun protected insulated windows external wall insulation Lower surface to volume, Lighter finishes, Water as landscape element

Buildings in cold climate… Large windows to capture sun Thermal mass to store heat Minimum Shading Insulated walls and windows Darker finishes Well protected north

Effect of orientation on cooling load

• North – south orientation would reduce cooling loads by 1.5%

Effect of efficient materials • Roof and wall insulation reduced cooling load by 23• Insulated windows reduced cooling load by 9% (window to wall

ratio 7%)

Use onsite sources and sinks• Day lighting• Earth cooling• Natural Ventilation (night cooling)

Earth cooling• Earth cooling has helped do away with conventional space

cooling and heating techniques for about 8 months a year

Lighting DesignThe passive solar practice of placing windows, or other transparentmedia, and reflective surfaces so that, during the day, natural sunlight provides effective internal illumination.

• Use of effective solar control strategies (overhangs) and high performance glazings limit associated solar gains.

• Achieving this daylight credit will likely increase energy savings in the Energy and Atmosphere credits. This is largely due to savings in the electric lighting that results from well daylit spaces.

• Daylighting strategies can have synergies with other energy efficiency strategies such as displacement ventilation.

• Minimize site lighting where possible • Full cutoff-luminaries • Low-reflectance surfaces • Low-angle spotlights

Water System Design

Waterscaping & landscaping design

Reduce potable water consumption for landscape by 50% over

a theoretical baseline design for the specific region.

Successful Strategies:• Drought tolerant plants • Drip irrigation, moisture-sensing irrigation technologies • Recycled rainwater system • Municipally-provided non-potable water source use

Water Use Reduction, 20% and 30% Reduction

Successful Strategies:• Dual flush water closets • Ultra low-flow water closets and urinals • Waterless Urinals • Sensor-operated, Low-flow lavatories • Rainwater collection reuse systems • Graywater reuse systems

Energy management system

Photovoltaic cells Photovoltaic (Solar electric) is a

device which produce free electrons when exposed to light resulting in power generation.

Photovoltaic does not release any of the green house gases when in use.

Photovoltaic uses a non-conventional, renewable source of energy which has no adverse effects on the environment.

23 kW solar photovoltaic system 55% energy savings over base building

Photovoltaic Applications

Flat Roofs

Facades

Roof Top

Atria & Skylight

Shading Elements

Sustainability at Site

• Replace asphalt with concrete where possible • Plant trees in vegetation strips around parking lots or

sidewalks. • Consolidate parking into a parking garage • Bioswales • Filtration basins (filters) • Detention Ponds / Retention Ponds • Vegetated filter strips • Pervious paving • Vegetated/Garden Roofs • Energy Star rated roofing systems • High reflectivity coatings

Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning

The main purpose of commercial HVAC (Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning) systems is to provide the people working inside the building with “conditioned “ air .

"Conditioned" air means that air is clean and odor-free, andthe temperature, humidity, and movement of the air are within certain comfort ranges• Systems may be clustered at a central location and serve an

entire campus of buildings• Locate system away from acoustically sensitive areas of the

building• Selecting efficient air conditioning based on your climate.• Selecting the proper type of and efficient heating system for

your climate• Designing and sealing air distribution systems properly.

Replace CFC-based refrigerant. Consider non-refrigerant based cooling such as evaporative

cooling in dryer climates. Consider photovoltaic, solar thermal, geothermal, wind, biomass,

and bio-gas energy technologies Sophisticated Electrical Management Systems, Building

Automation Systems or Direct Digital Control systems inherently include most of the required monitoring points.

Combine carbon dioxide monitors with demand based ventilation. Include carbon dioxide sensor points in BAS/DDC for system

design automation. Consider adjustable underfloor air diffusers, or thermostat

controlled VAV boxes. Operable windows can be used in lieu of comfort controls for

occupants of areas that are 20 feet inside of and 10 feet to either side of the operable part of the window

The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) has established standardswhich outline air quality for indoor comfort conditions that are acceptable to 80% or more of a commercial building's occupants. Generally, these indoor comfort conditions, sometimes called the "comfort zone," are between 68 degreesF and 75 degrees F for winter and 73 degrees F to 79 degrees F during the summer. Both these temperature ranges are for room air at approximately 50% relative humidity and moving at velocity of 30 feet per minute or slower

Materials used in Green Constructions

Source of materialsRenewable sources: Forests Reuse from waste: old plumbing , doors etc..

Wool Brick

Obtained by adding wool and a natural polymer found in seaweed to the clay of the brick, 37% More strength than burnt bricksResistant for cold and wet climate

Crushed glass Wood chips or slag - a

byproduct of steel manufacturing.

Reduces the emission of CO2

Sustainable Concrete

Exist to simply protect a building They spend a large portion of the day absorbing energy from the sun.

Solar Tiles

Paper Insulation

Made from recycled newspapers and cardboard

Then filled with chemical foam

Insect resistant &fire retardant

Triple-Glazed Windows

Super-efficient windowsStops heat to enter the building & from direct

sunlight

Eco - friendly

Using Bamboo Replacing The Steel Bars

Typical Layout of a Green Building

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

• LEED• GRIHA• TERI• ADaRSH• MNRE

GREEN BUILDING POLICY & CODES

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE (NBC) THE BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS (BIS)ENERGY CONSERVATION BUILDING CODE

(ECBC) THE BUREAU OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY (BEE)ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

(EIA) THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENTAL

&FORESTS (MoFE)

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Resource Efficiency•Recycled Content: Products with identifiable recycled content, including postindustrial content with a preference for post consumer content.•Resource efficient manufacturing process: Products manufactured with resource-efficient processes including reducing energy consumption, minimizing waste (recycled, recyclable and or source reduced product packaging), and reducing greenhouse gases.•Locally available: Building materials, components, and systems found locally or regionally saving energy and resources in transportation to the project site.•Durable: Materials that are longer lasting or are comparable to conventional products with long life expectancies.

Indoor environmental quality enhancement

•Indoor Air Quality seeks to reduce volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, and other air impurities such as microbial contaminants. Buildings rely on a properly designed ventilation system (passively/naturally- or mechanically-powered) to provide adequate ventilation of cleaner air from outdoors or recirculated, filtered air as well as isolated operations (kitchens, dry cleaners, etc.) from other occupancies.•Low or non-toxic: Materials that emit few or no carcinogens, reproductive toxicants, or irritants as demonstrated by the manufacturer through appropriate testing.•Moisture resistant: Products and systems that resist moisture or inhibit the growth of biological contaminants in buildings.•Systems or equipment: Products that promote healthy IAQ by identifying indoor air pollutants or enhancing the air quality.

Operations and maintenance optimization

No matter how sustainable a building may have been in its design and construction, it can only remain so if it is operated responsibly and maintained properly.. Every aspect of green building is integrated into the O&M phase of a Ensuring operations and maintenance(O&M) personnel are part of the project's planning and development process will help retain the green criteria designed at the onset of the project building's life. The addition of new green technologies also falls on the O&M staff. Although the goal of waste reduction may be applied during the design, construction and demolition phases of a building's life-cycle, it is in the O&M phase that green practices such as recycling and air quality enhancement take place

Waste reductionGreen architecture also seeks to reduce waste of energy, water and materials used during construction. For example, in California nearly 60% of the state's waste comes from commercial buildings .During the construction phase, one goal should be to reduce the amount of material going to landfills. Well-designed buildings also help reduce the amount of waste generated by the occupants as well, by providing on-site solutions such as compost bins to reduce matter going to landfills.To reduce the impact on wells or water treatment plants, several options exist. "Greywater", wastewater from sources such as dishwashing or washing machines, can be used for subsurface irrigation, or if treated, for non-potable purposes, e.g., to flush toilets and wash cars. Rainwater collectors are used for similar purposes.Centralized wastewater treatment systems can be costly and use a lot of energy. An alternative to this process is converting waste and wastewater into fertilizer, which avoids these costs and shows other benefits.

HOW TO MAKE GREEN HOMES

JUST FACTS

Merits of Green Buildings

Efficient Technologies

Easier Maintenance

Return On Investment

Improved Indoor Air Quality

Energy Efficiency

Water Efficiency

Waste ReductionTemperature

ModerationWater ConservationEconomical

Construction For Poor

Healthier Lifestyles and Recreation

Improved Health

Demerits

INITIAL COST IS HIGHAVAILABILITY OF MATERIALSNEED MORE TIME TO CONSTRUCTNEED SKILED WORKER

Conclusion • Buildings are responsible for more than 40 percent of

global energy use and one third of global greenhouse gas emissions, both in developed and developing countries.

• The Building Sector has the largest potential for delivering long-term, significant and cost-effective greenhouse gas emissions.

• Buildings have a relatively long lifespan, and therefore actions taken now will continue to affect their greenhouse gas emissions over the medium-term.

• Most developed countries and many developing countries have already taken steps towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the Building Sector, but these steps have had a limited impact on actual emission levels

• To overcome these barriers, governments must take the lead by prioritizing the building sector in their national climate change strategies and putting in place a number of “building blocks”.

• With these “building blocks” in place, governments are well placed to select and design appropriate policies to reduce emissions from new and existing buildings.

• At no other time has the case for international cooperation to address climate change been more pressing than now.

• Reducing emissions from buildings will bring multiple benefits to both the economy and to society.

• Constructing Green buildings or sustainable buildings are actually becoming a trend on the society .

GREEN BUILDINGS ? KERALA??

Seriously speaking!!

FOUND

MADE ALL THESE LIKE A BOSS!!!

EUGENE PANDALA

Reference

And many more …………………..

#The TeamSyrin Anthony -57Thameema Minnath -58Vaheed Vahab -59Vinoy P P -60Vishnudev C -61

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Mr. Rajeesh P T