shiladitya chatterjee head, poverty unit asian development bank
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Shiladitya Chatterjee
Head, Poverty UnitAsian Development Bank
1 October 2007, Manila, Philippines
The Millennium Development Goals: Progress in Asia and the
Pacific
Challenges Facing the Asia-Pacific Region
• Although dramatic improvements have occurred, 600 million poor still live in Asia-Pacific region
Extreme Poverty
Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2006
Extreme Poverty• East Asia & Pacific will significantly surpass target• South Asia expected to marginally meet target
Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2007
• Problem affects entire developing Asia-Pacific region with the region accounting for 4 million deaths (over 40% of the world total).
Child Mortality
Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2006
Child Mortality
Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2007
• South Asia may not meet target; East Asia and Pacific is currently on track
Maternal Mortality• Widespread problem in region. Over 200,000 deaths
constituting over 45% of world total
Maternal Mortality
Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2006
Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2007
Maternal Mortality
• Considerable regional variation: East Asia better than Latin America; South Asia near Sub-Saharan Africa
•Major data problems: no progress can be assessed
• About 6 million are affected (more than a 20% of world total)
HIV
Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2006
Source: UNAIDS:2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic
HIV
HIV prevalence by region (2003-2005)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Sub-SaharanAfrica
North Africaand Middle
East
Asia Oceania LatinAmerica
Caribbean EasternEurope andCentral Asia
NorthAmerica,Western
ans CentralEurope
HIV
pre
vale
nce
(mill
ion
)
2003
2005
• Asia has become a major region of concern. Several sub-regions are off-track (Central Asia, Pacific).
• Progress good but more needs to be done in South Asia and the Pacific which are off-track
Primary Education
Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2006
Primary Education
Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2007
• Progress good in eliminating gender disparity in education • Insufficient progress in participation and empowerment
Gender Parity in Education
Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2006
Gender Parity in Education
Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2007
• Parity reached in East Asia and Pacific; not yet in South Asia
Access to Water
• Over 650 million people do not have access to an improved water source accounting for about 60% of world’s population without access
Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2006
Access to Water & Sanitation
Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2007
• East Asia is off track on both water and sanitation targets
• South Asia off track on sanitation but will meet water target
• By absolute numbers of the deprived, Asia- Pacific clearly faces the biggest challenge amongst developing regions of the world
Deprivations: Absolute Numbers People living in social and economic poverty in Asia and the Pacific
People deprived in Asia-Pacific, selected indicators, latest
20.5
34.5
42.9
46.5
54.2
54.4
61.1
63.0
65.3
66.2
74.8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Living w ith HIV
Out of primary school
Deaths before 5
Maternal deaths
Without clean w ater,urban
Living below $1/day
Without clean w ater,rural
Without basicsanitation, urban
Under 5 underw eight
Infected w ith TB
Without basicsanitation, rural
% of world, latest
Millions
1549
9
97
399
566
641
93
0.3
4
28
6
Source: ADB-UNDP-UNESCAP: MDG Progress Report 2007 for Asia-Pacific
ADB Countries at Risk
Progress on non-income poverty is unsatisfactory
29 of ADB’s 43 developing member countries are “off track” in more than a quarter of the non-income MDG indicators
Source: ADB-UNESCAP-UNDP. 2007. The Millennium Development Goals: Progress in Asia and the Pacific 2007 (forthcoming).
ADB DMCs Off-Track in 25% and above Non-Income MDG Indicators
25%
29%
29%
30%
31%
31%
31%
33%
33%
35%
35%
37%
37%
37%
37%
40%
40%
40%
40%
40%
44%
44%
44%
45%
45%
47%
60%
63%
65%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Hongkong, China
China
Armenia
Vietnam
Marshall Islands
Republic of Korea
Afghanistan
Bhutan
Palau
Azerbaijan
Kiribati
Myanmar
Nepal
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyztan
Philippines
India
Tajikistan
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Cambodia
Lao PDR
Pakistan
Indonesia
Micronesia
Georgia
Bangladesh
Turkmenistan
Papua New Guinea
Percentage of Indicators Off-Track
• Most significant concerns in ADB’s DMCs are
– CO2 emissions– Sanitation– Access to water– Underweight children– Infant mortality– Forest cover
• Data not available to track progress on maternal mortality
MDG Sectors at Risk in ADB Countries
ADB = Asian Development Bank, CFC = chloroflouro carbon, CO2= carbon dioxide, DMC = developing member country, HIV= human immunodeficiency virus, MDG = Millennium Development Goal, TB = tuberculosis.
Source: ADB-UNESCAP-UNDP. 2007. The Millennium Development Goals: Progress in Asia and the Pacific 2007 (forthcoming).
Percentage of ADB-DMCs Off-Track in Non-Income MDG Sectors
0%
12%
15%
16%
18%
21%
23%
28%
32%
33%
36%
36%
38%
38%
45%
52%
53%
53%
58%
62%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Protected area
ODP CFC consumption
Gender primary
Gender secondary
HIV prevalence
TB prevalence rate
TB death rate
Primary completion rate
Sanitation urban
Primary enrolment
Reaching grade 5
Water urban
Gender tertiary
Under-5 mortality
Forest cover
Infant mortality
Underweight children
Water rural
Sanitation rural
CO2 emissions
Percentage of DMCs Off-Track
Data Issues: Data Gaps
• Update uses 21 indicators out of 32 indicators relating to goals 1-7.
• Within these, data on some countries are not available to derive progress indicators.
• Much more effort and capacity to compile MDG related data is necessary.
Data Issues: Data Gaps
Data Issues:Disaggregating MDG Data
• Rural: Urban
• Income classes
• Sub-national administrative regions
• Gender
Thank You
schatterjee@adb.org
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