sheq foundation sheq for sss students
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SHEQ for Final Year SHS Students Ella Agbettor
SHEQ Foundation
What is a workplace? Any place where work activities take
place:
Workshop, farm, factory, vehicle,
home, office, laboratory.
Formal or informal
Work place
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What is a hazard? In relation to a person, anything that may result in injury to the person or harm to the health of the person
Anything that could hurt you or someone else.
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7 categories of hazards or potential hazards in workplaces
Accident hazards
(e.g., wet or uneven surfaces, accidents with cutting or power tools, motor
vehicles or machines)
Chemical hazards
(e.g., exposure to crop dust, fibres, exhaust, mineral dust or toxic chemical
agents Gas, Vapor, smoke Heavy metals : lead & mercury)
Physical hazards
(e.g., noise, vibration, heat and cold, electricity, poor ventilation,
temperature, humidity radiation, air pressure, illumination)
Categories of Hazards
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Ergonomic hazards
(e.g., lifting carrying or moving heavy objects, repetitive motions,
awkward postures, poorly designed or sharpened tools)
Biological hazards
(e.g., contact with biological wastes, animals or plants)
Working conditions
(e.g., long hours, lack of security, poor sanitation and housing)
Psychological hazards
(e.g., abuse, humiliation, isolation, lack of learning opportunities, stress)
Categories of Hazards
Most common hazards
Most common hazards to the health and safety of people in
the workplace are those which result in:
• strain or overuse injuries and disease to back, shoulder, wrist, etc
• cut and abrasion injuries to the eyes, hands, fingers, feet and head
• impact and crush injuries to the head, feet and fingers
• burns (by heat, light or chemicals) to the eyes, feet and skin
• noise induced hearing loss
• toxic effects (short or long term) to respiratory system or skin,
resulting in poisoning, cancers or dermatitis 6
Workplace Hazards
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Mining Potential Hazards:
• Accident: isolated spaces
• Chemical: dust, chemical agents
• Physical: heat , electricity, noise, vibration, lighting, ventilation
• Ergonomic: awkward postures, poorly designed tools, repetitive motions
• Health hazards
Oil and gas potential Hazards:
• Accident: isolated spaces
• Chemical: dust, chemical agents
• Physical: heat , electricity, noise, vibration, lighting, ventilation
• Ergonomic: awkward postures, poorly designed tools, repetitive motions
• Health hazards
Construction potential Hazards:
• Accident: machines, power tools, cutting tools, falling objects, uneven surfaces, falling from heights
• Chemical: dust, toxic chemical
• Physical: heat , noise, vibration, electricity, poor ventilation
• Ergonomic: lifting and carrying, repetitive movements
Manufacturing potential hazards
• Accident: machines, power tools, cutting tools, falling objects, uneven surfaces
• Chemical: toxic chemicals
• Physical: heat , noise
• Ergonomic: lifting and carrying, repetitive movements, awkward postures
Different groups of young workers may be at special risk because of their
• experience level and judgement • age and physical size and/or • gender
Two categories of inexperienced workers: • New to this job (but experienced in other workplace
settings) • New to work (and inexperienced)
Assessing Hazards for young people
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What hazards must employer identify?
The work premises Work practices, work systems & shift work arrangements Plant Hazardous substances The presence of asbestos Manual handling
Layout/condition of workplace
Biological organisms
Physical working environment including: – Electrocution – Drowning – Fire/explosion – People slipping, tripping
or falling – Contact with moving/
stationary object – Noise, heat, cold,
vibration, radiation, electricity, contaminated air, confined space
– Workplace violence
What hazards must employer identify?
Falling Objects
Are there objects which may fall from above onto employees?
• Employees working
overhead? • Tools or materials handled
above your head?
Temperature Extremes
Are there hot or cold surfaces which could burn or freeze employees? • Welded parts
• Cryogenic materials
• Autoclaves
• Ovens/stoves
• Molten metals
Sharp Objects
Are there sharp objects which could cut or pierce the body? • Glass
• Knife blades
• Sheet metal
• Nail guns
• Needles
• Splinters (wood)
• Burrs (metal)
Harmful Dusts/Mists/Fumes
Are employees exposed to chemicals or harmful dusts/mists/fumes? Examples: • Any chemical which poses a health hazard • Asbestos • Welding fumes • Solder fumes • Silica Reference: Obtain a Material Safety
Data Sheet on the product in question from the supplier and review the information provided for health hazards and suggested controls.
Energy Sources
Are there energy sources which could be harmful if accidental release or startup occurs? • Electrical
• Pneumatic
• Hydraulic
• Thermal
• Mechanical
• Gravity
Light Radiation
Is there light radiation which could be harmful to
the skin or eyes?
• Welding and cutting
• Lasers
Flying Debris
Will employee be operating, or be exposed to,
tools/equipment which may generate flying debris?
• Hammering
• Sawing
• Chipping
• Grinding
• Drilling
• Buffing
Excessive Noise Will employee be operating, or be exposed to, tools/equipment which may generate excessive noise? • Jack-hammering
• Woodworking machinery
• Metalworking machinery
• Operating heavy equipment
Fire/Explosion Hazards
Is there the potential for a fire or explosion?
Workplace Layout Does the layout of the workplace create a potential hazard? • Fall hazards exceeding 4 feet.
• Low clearances
• Confined spaces
OHS Risk Management – Overview What it’s all about?
Identify hazard(s)
Assess risk(s)
Control risk(s)
Re-evaluate
New processes
New substances
New plant
New knowledge
Changes to legislation
Health and Safety Risk Management – Overview What it’s all about?
Step 1 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION STARTS…
Immediately prior to using premises for the first time (as a place of
work)
Before and during installation, erection, commissioning or
alterations to plant
Before changes to work practices and systems of work are
introduced
Before hazardous substances are introduced
While work is being carried out
When new/additional information is made available from an
authoritative source
Step 2
Once the hazard has been
identified, you must
implement an effective
control to eliminate the
hazard, reduce the hazard to
an acceptable manner, or
protect the employee.
Step 3
Evaluate the level of risk for each hazard to
help determine what type of control should be
implemented to reduce exposure.
Step 4
Select an appropriate solution to each hazard. • Always consider eliminating the hazard (if
possible) first.
• If elimination is not possible, consider reducing the
hazard to an acceptable level.
• If an acceptable level cannot be reached, select and
provide appropriate personal protective
equipment for the employee.
Hierarchy of control: Effectiveness Mitigation Examples
MOST
LEAST
Eliminate the hazard through system design, “engineer out” the hazard
Automation
Reduce risks by substituting less hazardous methods or materials
Chemicals, machines, guards on machines
Provide warning systems or administrative controls
Warning signs, educate workers, limit tasks to adults, train staff
Provide personal protective equipment
Gloves, shoes, masks
Engineering Controls
Engineering controls eliminate exposure to the hazard. They are: • relatively permanent,
• can be costly, and
• can be time-consuming.
Engineering controls are things that you do to fix the hazard.
Isolation
Isolate the employee from the hazard. • Control rooms
• Machine guarding
• Protective barriers and shields
• Guardrails
• Clearance distances
Design
Is there new (or existing) technology on the market for the product which, by it’s design,
protects the person using it?
Process Change
Can a non-hazardous process be substituted for a hazardous process?
Spray Painting Dipping or Brushing
Work Area Layout
Can a hazardous work area layout be improved?
Hot Work
Chemical
Storage
Electrical
Pipe
Storage
Stacked
Boxes
Tool Room
Main
Work
Area
Work Area Layout
Chemical storage area was moved away from hot work and electrical hazards.
Hot Work
Chemical
Storage
Electrical
Pipe
Storage
Stacked
Boxes
Tool Room
Main
Work
Area
Substitution
Can a non-hazardous product be substituted for a hazardous product? • Pesticides
• Solder
• Cleaning agents
• Solvents
Ventilation
Will ventilation improve the air quality to an acceptable (i.e. safe) level?
Administrative Controls
Administrative controls reduce employee exposure to a hazard. • They do not eliminate the hazard, but they provide an
acceptable way to work around the hazard.
Reduction
Can you reduce the frequency of performing
the hazardous task?
Rotation
Can employees be rotated to reduce exposure
time?
Training
Can employees be trained to recognize hazards
and employ safe work practices?
Protect the Employee If the hazard cannot be eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level, the employee must be protected from exposure. This protection requires that the employee wear and/or use appropriate personal protective equipments. • Hard hats • Eye protection • Face protection • Respiratory protection • Hearing protection
• Body wear • Sleeves • Gloves • Protective footwear
Where the SHEQ jobs are: Safety and health professionals work in a wide range of sectors including:
• Manufacturing • Mining • Oil and gas • Construction • Transportation • Government agencies • Schools • Hospitals • Hotels
SHEQ career: safety is everyone business
Generally to become an HSE professional you can come from any background and your
minimum qualification should be a degree . GIMPA offers a PG Diploma and certificate
in occupational safety and health.
Universities in Ghana will start offering bachelor degrees in safety engineering.
• Newmont • Vodafone • Glo mobile • MTN • Tullow • Kosmos • Unilever • VRA
• Anglogold • Nestle • Taysec • PW mining • Tema Oil
Refinery • Ghana Ports
• Conship • PZ Cussons • GHACEM • Boartlonggear • AEL Mining • Mövenpick • Goldfields • Golden Star Resources
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