service integration - a web of things perspective

Simon Mayer [simon.mayer@inf.ethz.ch] Distributed Systems Group, ETH Zurich

Service Integration – A Web of Things Perspective W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration [Bedford / MA, October 2011]

2 W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration / Bedford, MA

Thursday, 20.10.2011

The Web of Things: Quick rundown

+ Internet Connection* + Embedded Web server

+ Resource-Oriented Modelling (REST)

* Hui, J.W., and Culler, D.E.: IP is dead, long live IP for wireless sensor networks. (2008)

3 W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration / Bedford, MA

Thursday, 20.10.2011

Representational State Transfer (REST)

Addressable, linked resources [http://vs.inf.ethz.ch/wot/sunspots/spot1/sensors/temperature]

Defined set of operations [PUT «true» /sunspots/spot1/actuators/leds/led1/switch]

Representations & Content Negotiation [HTML for humans, JSON for machines,…]

Fielding, R.T.: Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures

Richardson, L., and Ruby, S.: RESTful Web Services

The Web of Things: REST benefits

Great for open, interoperable APIs Greatly facilitates building of physical mashups

Web features for free It scales! Caching, security mechanisms Bookmarking your devices and their functionality

Seems to facilitate application development

People are used to the Web and its resources and links!

4 ICiS Physical Computing Workshop [Park City, July 2011] Wednesday, 20th July 2011

[http://derekskeba.com]

The Web of Things: REST benefits

Great for open, interoperable APIs Greatly facilitates building of physical mashups

Web features for free It scales! Caching, security mechanisms Bookmarking your devices and their functionality

Seems to facilitate application development

People are used to the Web and its resources and links!

5 ICiS Physical Computing Workshop [Park City, July 2011] Wednesday, 20th July 2011

[http://derekskeba.com]

6 W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration / Bedford, MA

Thursday, 20.10.2011

The Web of Things: RESTful Sun SPOTs

[http://www.sunspotworld.com] Demo

Next step in Web-based smart things environments: Physical mashups

7 W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration / Bedford, MA

Thursday, 20.10.2011

Service Discovery: Smarter Things?

8 W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration / Bedford, MA Thursday, 20.10.2011

Adding semantics for service discovery RDF, Microformats, Microdata

Microdata: www.schema.org, data-vocabulary.org

Make things just smart enough to know what they can (basically) do… Syntactic level (e.g. data types) Semantic level?

Goal: Support users in mashing up services in smart things ecosystems!

...and tell others!

Now...

3 Applications in need of smart things data/services

integration...

And how we solved the problem for each of them... 9 W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration / Bedford, MA

Thursday, 20.10.2011

InterWoTions

The Friends and Things Project

10 W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration / Bedford, MA Thursday, 20.10.2011

Sharing of physical and digital artifacts based on social networks

Guinard, D., Fischer, M., Trifa, V.,: Sharing Using Social Networks in a Composable Web of Things

The Friends and Things Project

11 W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration / Bedford, MA Thursday, 20.10.2011

@home Sharing your energy consumption Encouraging energy savings… @work Laboratory automation “You may monitor my mass spectrometer” @business Sharing the trace of tagged products RESTful EPCIS

Crawling the Web of Things

Using simple HTTP operations GET, HEAD, OPTIONS

Sufficient for Friends and Things Application!

12 W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration / Bedford, MA Thursday, 20.10.2011

Demo

The InfraWoT Project

13 W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration / Bedford, MA

Thursday, 20.10.2011

Management infrastructure for smart things Allows to find services offered by Web-enabled resources Globally, but with emphasis on nearby things!

Things have to be registered first! Calls for thing-embedded semantic information (name, type, services, location,…)

Trifa, V., Guinard, D., Mayer, S.: Leveraging the Web for a Distributed Location-aware Infrastructure for the Real World

Composite Microformats

Idea: Combine multiple Microformats to annotate resources hProduct: Product information hReview: Smart Thing Reviews Geo: Location hRESTS: Service descriptions

label, data format, REST method, output

Worked well for searching for resources

14 W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration / Bedford, MA Thursday, 20.10.2011

Hong, S.: Mobile Discovery in a Web of Things. Master’s Thesis.

Demo

The InterWoTions Project

Model-based user interface generation for smart things

Requirement: User-friendlyness enable any developer to annotate smart things... ...without requiring prior training!

15 W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration / Bedford, MA Thursday, 20.10.2011

Mayer, S., Tschofen, A.: Composable Interaction Descriptions for Smart Things. Submitted.

InterWoTions

Microdata

16 W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration / Bedford, MA Thursday, 20.10.2011

InterWoTions

Human- and machine-readable volume controller interaction markup.

Demo

Environments of smart things...

17 W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration / Bedford, MA Thursday, 20.10.2011

Forecast: Rain

Temperature: 24˚C Please configure forecast data source

Your fridge currently consumes 45W

I’m located in Zurich!

Human-readable and understandable

...and multiple semantic annotation formats...

18 W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration / Bedford, MA Thursday, 20.10.2011

Forecast: Rain

Temperature: 24˚C Please configure forecast data source

Your fridge currently consumes 45W

I’m located in Zurich!

{“data”:[{“weather-forecast”:”Rain”}],

“name”:”MyNabaztag”}

…<div itemscope><div itemprop=“tag=“>Illumination</div><div itemprop=“value”>150</div></div>…

...

<div class="geo">GEO: <span class="latitude">8.549902</span>,

<span class="longitude">-47.378088</span></span></div>

{“consumption”:”45”, “unit”:”Watts”,

“appliance”:”fridge”}

...and multiple semantic annotation formats...

19 W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration / Bedford, MA Thursday, 20.10.2011

{“data”:[{“weather-forecast”:”Rain”}],

“name”:”MyNabaztag”}

…<div itemscope><div itemprop=“tag=“>Illumination</div><div itemprop=“value”>150</div></div>…

...

<div class="geo">GEO: <span class="latitude">8.549902</span>,

<span class="longitude">-47.378088</span></span></div>

Content type: application/json

Content type: text/html Annotations: Microdata

Content type: text/html Annotations: Microformats

Machine-readable

{“consumption”:”45”, “unit”:”Watts”,

“appliance”:”fridge”}

Content type: application/json

Given the representation of a (Web) resource, extract interesting information about that resource regardless of the annotation format used

Approach Discovery based on a runtime-dynamic set of Strategies (e.g. Microformats-, Microdata-Strategy,...)

20 W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration / Bedford, MA Thursday, 20.10.2011

Mayer, S., Guinard, D.: An Extensible Discovery Service for Smart Things

The DiscoWoT Project

Apply every strategy to all information accessible about submitted data Can handle protected resources and resources behind firewalls

Great help for decoupling service providers and consumers

GET /analyze?thing.wot.org

21 W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration / Bedford, MA Thursday, 20.10.2011

Information on thing.wot.org

Demo

22 W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration / Bedford, MA Thursday, 20.10.2011

Announcing WoT 2012

Third International Workshop on the Web of Things

Stay tuned: http://www.webofthings.com/wot

Acknowledgements

23 W3C Workshop on Data and Services Integration / Bedford, MA Thursday, 20.10.2011

Web of Things team @ ETH Zurich Dominique Guinard, Vlad Trifa, Matthias Kovatsch, Benedikt Ostermaier