server 101s final
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Objective
Server Definition
What makes up a Server
Server Types
High Availability Features
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A servercan be defined as an individual computer on aLAN (Local Area Network), acting as a service or resource
provider to client computers, by sharing the resources
within the network infrastructure.
What is Server?What is Server?
provides service
shares resources
shares devices
opens gateway to other system provides processing power stores item
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DNSServers
Web Servers
ApplicationServers
Security &Directory Servers
File/PrintServers
DatabaseServers
manage a workgroups data filesand print jobs
providesauthentication andsecurity servicesincluding loggedinformationmanagement
controls andmanages assignnames on thenetwork andresolves host nameto an IP Address
most typical use oftechnology in client-server. Acceptsrequests for data,retrieves the datafrom its database (orrequests data fromanother node) andpasses the resultsback
shares its resources but may also beused to run applications for users
A Web Server may host websites or
provide access to content and itresponds to requests received fromWeb
Server Types ExamplesServer Types Examples
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Types and Features of Computer
Notebook / Mobile Computer
Desktop Computer
Server
-- Ultraportable-- Full Function-- Desktop Alternative
- Non-Mobile- Full Function
-- High Security
-- Process and File Data-- Tower-- Rack-- Blades
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Differentiating Computer Features
Notebook Desktop Server
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SystemChipset
PCI/MemoryController
I/O devices
CPU/Processor
MemoryFront Side Bus
PCI Bus
System Board
Data Storage
What makes up a Server?What makes up a Server?
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ProcessorProcessor
The part of theThe part of the
computer thatcomputer that
controls thecontrols the
execution ofexecution of
programprogram
instructionsinstructionsSystemChipset
PCI/MemoryController
I/O devices
CPU
Memory
I/O Bus
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Manufacturers
Brands
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Processor TypesProcessor Types
Intel primary target for DesktopIntel primary target for Desktop
For entry level single CPU serverFor entry level single CPU server
512K L2 cache with 533MHz512K L2 cache with 533MHz
Front Side BusFront Side Bus Hyper-Threading TechnologyHyper-Threading Technology
Intel Pentium 4 ProcessorIntel Pentium 4 Processor
Intel XEON Processor DPIntel XEON Processor DP
Also called XEON Processor DP (DualAlso called XEON Processor DP (DualProcessor)Processor)
1MB L2 cache with 800MHz Front Side Bus1MB L2 cache with 800MHz Front Side Bus
Hyper-Threading TechnologyHyper-Threading Technology
Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T)Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T)
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Intel XEON Processor MPIntel XEON Processor MP
For demanding enterpriseFor demanding enterprise
workload (4 or more CPU)workload (4 or more CPU)
Up to 512KB L2 cache and 2MB L3Up to 512KB L2 cache and 2MB L3
cache with 800MHz Front Side Buscache with 800MHz Front Side Bus
Hyper-Threading TechnologyHyper-Threading Technology
Intel Dual Core ProcessorIntel Dual Core Processor
EM64TEM64T
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Intel Xeon Processors
400 MHz
03 04 05 06
Gallatin2M/130nm
2.0GHz
Potomac8M/90nm
3.6GHz
4 Way
8+ Way
DP Prestonia512K/130nm
2.8GHz
Nocona1M/90nm
3.6GHz
533 MHz
Gallatin
4M4M/130nm
3GHz
800 MHz
CSI based
16M/90nm
Common Platform
667 MHz
Tulsa
Dual core8M/90nm
3.4GHz
Prestonia2ML3
130nm
3.2 GHz
Tcase 71 CTDP 85W
Tcase 69 CTDP 175W
Tcase 65 CTDP 115W
Tcase 71C
TDP 94W
Tcase 71 CTDP 103W
4.4GHz
Tcase 73 CTDP 120W
1M/90nm
1067 MHz
Tcase 73 CTDP130W
Tcase ? C
TDP150W
XXXX
65nm
TDP 70W
(mobile dual)
TDP 100-130W
XXXX
XXXX
XXXXXXXX
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MemoryMemory
Memory is the storageMemory is the storage
area of the computerarea of the computer
Physical memory refersPhysical memory refers
to the chips capable ofto the chips capable of
holding dataholding data Memory does not retainMemory does not retain
data when the computerdata when the computer
is powered offis powered off
SystemChipset
PCI/MemoryController
I/O devices
CPU
Memory
PCI Bus
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DDR1 and DDR2 Comparison
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DDR3
Advantages compared to DDR2Higher bandwidth performance, effectively up to 1600 MHzImproved latencies as measured in nanoseconds.Higher performance at low power (longer battery life in laptops)
Enhanced low power featuresImproved thermal design (cooler)
Disadvantages compared to DDR2Incompatible with DDR2 motherboardsAs of November 2008, costs somewhat more than equivalent
DDR2 memory
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DDR RAM Road MapDDR RAM Road Map
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StorageStorage
Unit that holds dataUnit that holds data
for storagefor storage
SystemChipset
PCI/MemoryController
I/O devices
CPU
Memory
PCI Bus
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Common types of Disk InterfaceCommon types of Disk Interface
PATA5.4K 15K
RPM133mbps
transfer rate
SATA7.2K 15K
RPM150mbps
transfer rate
SCSI10K 15K
RPM
320mbps
transfer rate
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History of Parallel ATAAdvanced Technology Attachment
Intelligent Drive Electronics
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History of Serial ATA (SATA)
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Serial ATASerial ATA
Serial ATA (SATA) is the next evolution and replacement of the Parallel ATASerial ATA (SATA) is the next evolution and replacement of the Parallel ATA
interfaceinterface
SATA is a 1.5 Gb/s serial point to point architecture with a primary focus onSATA is a 1.5 Gb/s serial point to point architecture with a primary focus on
low costlow cost
SATA is driven by cost and ideal for desktop, notebook, entry level servers,SATA is driven by cost and ideal for desktop, notebook, entry level servers,and new near-line bulk storage solutionsand new near-line bulk storage solutions
What is Serial ATA?
Lowest acquisition costLowest acquisition cost
Ease of serviceability (hot plug)Ease of serviceability (hot plug) Higher bandwidth per port (~150MB/s)Higher bandwidth per port (~150MB/s)
Capability for larger number of drivesCapability for larger number of drives
Thinner cablesThinner cables
Smaller connectors allow for small form factor hard disk drivesSmaller connectors allow for small form factor hard disk drives
Advantages
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SATA / SAS Controller
STORAGE CONTROLLERS
RAID Controller
SCSI ControllerSCSI Controller
Differences?
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SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)
Is an ultra-fast, high-power communications bus that
connects up to 15 devices to your computer
SCUZZY
Commonly Used for:
Hard Disks
Tape Storage
Scanners
Optical Drives
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SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)
There are several benefits of SCSI:
It's fast -- up to 320 megabytes per second (MBps)
It's reliable
It allows you to put multiple devices on one bus
It works on most computer systems
Ease of Serviceability
There are also some potential problems whenusing SCSI:
It must be configured for a specific computer.It has limited system BIOS support.
Its variations (speeds, connectors) can be bewildering.
There is no common software interface.
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Types of SCSI
Parallel SCSI
Serial SCSI / Serial Attached SCSI
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SCSI Drive EvolutionSCSI Drive Evolution
5
10
20
40
80
160
320
640
SCSI-1
FastSCSI-2
WideSCSI-2
UltraFastSCS
I-3
FastWideSCS
I-2
Ultra2-FastS
CSI-3
WideUltraSC
SI-3
WideUltra2SCSI3
Ult
ra3SCSI
Ultra320
Ultra64
0
1984 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 2000 01 03
TRANSF
ER
RATE(Megabyt
es/SecMBps)
Ser
ialAt
tac
he
dS
C
SI(SAS)
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Moving from Parallel SCSI to Serial SCSI (SAS)
A new generation serial communication protocolfor direct attached devices designed to allow formuch higher speed data transfers and iscompatible with SATA.
SAS uses serial communication instead of theparallel method found in traditional SCSI devices
but still uses SCSI commands for interacting withSAS devices.
SAS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SATA -
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SAS and SATA Compatibility
Note: SATA backplane connectors
Will NOT accept SAS drives
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SAS ROADMAP
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FIBER CHANNEL HARD DISKS
Enterprise Class Hard drives
Storage Area Networks (SAN)
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Common SCSI Connector TypesCommon SCSI Connector Types
- Industry Standard 68-Pin (HD68)
Internal HD 68 (female)
Internal HD 68 (male)
External HD 68 (male)
External HD 68 (male)
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B VHDCI LVD/SE SCSI
External 0.8mm (female)
VDHDCI LVD/SE
External 0.8mm (male)
VDHDCI LVD/SE
SCSI Connector TypesSCSI Connector Types
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PCI BusPCI Bus
SystemChipset
PCI/MemoryController
I/O devices
CPU
Memory
PCI Bus
Is a functional wayto connect sound,
video and network
cards to a
motherboard.
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I / O Bus
133mbps133mbps
33MHz and33MHz and
66MHz66MHz
32 bits32 bits
1Gb/s1Gb/sTransfer rateTransfer rate
133MHz133MHzClock speedClock speed
64 bits64 bits
No of bitsNo of bits
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PCI Cards
PCI DevicesGraphics Card
Sound Card
LAN Card
Example of a PCI Card
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Common Server PCI-X Devices
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CompatibilityCompatibility
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Evolution of Bus Technologies
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An I/O Interconnect bus standard that expands on and
doubles the data transfer rates of the original PCI
PCI Express?Also known as 3GIO(for third-generation Input/Output)
Initial bit rates for PCI Express reach 2.5Gb/s per lane
direction, which equate to data transfer rates ofapproximately 200Mb/s
PCI Express was developed so that high-speed
interconnects such as Firewire, USB 2.0, InfiniBand, and
Gigabit Ethernet would have an I/O architecture suitable
for their transfer high speeds.
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PCIe Connector Types
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Terms to Ponder
Front Side Bus (FSB)
BUS
This bus carries all information that passes from the CPU toother devices within the system such as RAM, PCI
expansion cards, hard disks, etc.
A communication highway between various components ofthe Computer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_access_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_Component_Interconnecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_diskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_diskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_Component_Interconnecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_access_memory -
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HIGH AVAILABILITY / FAULT-TOLERANT FEATURES
Redundant Features
Hot Swap / Hot-Pluggable
Hot-Spare / On-Line Spare
RAID
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The RAID TechnologyThe RAID Technology
Redundant Array of Inexpensive DisksRedundant Array of Inexpensive Disks
Provides real-time data recovery when a hard drive fails,
increasing system uptime and network availability, while
protecting against loss of data.
RAID Controller
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RAID LevelsRAID Levels
RAID 0+1 (or RAID 10)RAID 0+1 (or RAID 10)
Advantages: Fastest
Tolerance multipledisks failure
Disadvantage: 50% Disk
Available
1 2 3 45 6 7
1 2 3 45 6 7
RAID-0
Stripping
Mirrored(RAID 1)
RAID-0
Stripping
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RAID LevelsRAID Levels
(RAID 5)(RAID 5)
RAID-5
Stripping
w/ Parity
Advantage : Only 1 Disk Space
Used for Parity
Protect 1 Disk
failure
Good Performance
1 2 3 Parity4 5Parity 67 8 Parity 9
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On Line Spare DisksOn Line Spare Disks
On Line
Spare Disks
RAID-5
1 2 3 Parity4 5Parity 67 8 Parity 9
35
Parity
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Memory Protection
ECC M P t tiECC M P t ti
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ECC Memory ProtectionECC Memory Protection
ECCECC
1 DRAM Chip
4-bit Length0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1
CORRECTED
ECCECC
1 DRAM Chip
4-bit Length
0 0 0 1
CRASHED
BLUE
SCREEN
1
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Advanced ECC MemoryAdvanced ECC Memory
1 DRAM Chip
1 0 1 1 1 0 11 0 1 1 1 0 1
Reconstruct
CRASHED
BLUE
SCREEN
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Main Memory4x1GB RAM
Spare Memory
2x1GB RAM
Transfer data to
spare memory
Operati
onal
Online Spare MemoryOnline Spare Memory
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hot replace
replace a failedDIMM while theserver is running
OS / application
transparent
hot add - upgrade
add a new bank of
DIMMs while theserver is running
OS / applicationenabled
Hot Plug MemoryHot Plug Memory
Hot Plug Mirrored MemoryHot Plug Mirrored Memory
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QUESTIONS ?
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THANK YOU!
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