september 9, 2015s. mathews1 human geography by james rubenstein chapter 11 key issue 2 where is...

April 21, 2023 S. Mathews 1

Human Geography

By James Rubenstein

Chapter 11Key Issue 2Where is industry

distributed?

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3/4th of world’s industrial power is concentrated in four

regions.Eastern North AmericaNorthwestern Europe

Eastern EuropeEast Asia

Less than 1% of Earth’s surface is devoted to industry.

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North America5% the land area contains 1/3rd of the

population and nearly 1/3rds of the manufacturing output.

Early settlement gave the east coast, the Great Lakes, and major rivers the

advantage in becoming the dominant regions.

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Clusters of Manufacturing

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Major manufactur

ing is highly

clustered in several regions

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New EnglandThe oldest industrial

region.It began with the textile

industry, using cotton grown in the U.S..

Known today for its skilled, but expensive labor.

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Middle AtlanticBetween New York City and

Washington.Industries dependent on imported

raw materials located near ports.

Financial, communication, and entertainment industries located

in New York City.

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Mohawk ValleyAn industrial belt located along the Hudson River and Erie Canal connecting New York City with

the Great Lakes.Niagara Falls generated electricity that attracted

aluminum, paper, and electrochemical industries.

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Pittsburgh-Lake Erie

Steel manufacturing located in region due to

proximity of coal and iron, and

the rivers and Lake Erie that offered easy

transportation of iron ore.

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Western Great Lakes

Chicago, Illinois was the hub of the nation’s transportation

network between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts.

Automobile manufactures and other industries located there

to take advantage of the transportation.

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St. Lawrence Valley-Ontario PeninsulaCentrality to Canadian

markets, proximity to the Great Lakes, and access to

hydroelectric power of Niagara Falls.

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Changing Distribution of U.S.

ManufacturingManufacturing has declined in the Northeast and grown

in the South and West.The Gulf Coast has become important due to access to

oil and natural gas.

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Right-to-work States

A U.S. state that has passed a law preventing a union and company from

negotiating a contract that requires workers to

join a union as a condition of employment.

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The West Coast Los Angeles is country’s largest

clothing production region. San Diego has attracted industries

that support naval operations. Silicon Valley south of San

Francisco is source of production of computers and semiconductors.

Seattle is home of Boeing and Microsoft.

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Manufacturing in Urban Areas

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Western European Industrial RegionsRhine-Ruhr (Belgium to

Germany)Mid-Rhine (France and

Germany)United KingdomNorthern Italy

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Manufacturing Centers of

Western Europe

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Rhine-Ruhr ValleyWestern Europe’s most

important industrial area.Between two rivers, near

large coal fields.Rotterdam, located at the mouth of the Rhine, is the

world’s largest port.

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Mid-RhineWestern Europe’s second most important industrial

area.Center of important consumer markets.

Luxembourg is among world’s leading steel producers.

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United KingdomWhere Industrial Revolution

began.Offset outmoded factories,

by developing high-tech industries.

Newer industries located near Chunnel.

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Northern ItalyLocated in the Po River Basin.Large inexpensive labor, and

cheap hydroelectric power.Raw-material processors and

mechanical-parts assemblers.

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Eastern European Regions

Central District (around Moscow)St. Petersburg District

Eastern Ukraine DistrictThe Volga DistrictThe Urals DistrictKuznetsk District

Selesia

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Manufacturing Centers

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Central Industrial District

Russia’s oldest region.With under-abundance of

natural resources, produces 1/4th of industrial output.

Products tend to be high-value relative to their bulk.

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St. Petersburg Industrial DistrictEastern Europe’s second

largest city.Proximity to Baltic Sea, stimulates shipbuilding

industry.

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Eastern Ukraine Industrial District

Contains one of the world’s largest coal reserves and large deposits of iron ore, manganese, and natural

gas.

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The Volga Industrial District

Between the Volga and Kama Rivers.

Russia’s largest petroleum and natural gas fields.

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The Urals Industrial District

Contains more than 1,000 types of minerals.

Industrial development hindered by lack of nearby

energy sources.

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Kuznetsk Industrial District

Most important district east of Urals.

Country’s largest reserves of coal and abundant

supply of iron ore.

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SilesiaSouthern Poland, and

northern Czech Republic.Abundant supply of coal,

but iron ore must be imported for its steel

industry.

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East AsiaJapan is one of the world’s

wealthiest countries.China has the world’s 2nd

largest economies.South Korea and Taiwan are important industrial

powers.

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Manufacturing Centers in East Asia

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JapanShortage of natural

resources, but has highly trained and motivated labor

pool.The world’s leading

manufacturer of automobiles.

A leader in electronics.

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ChinaA large domestic market,

and cheap labor have attracted foreign

industrial investment.Leading exporter of clothing to the U.S.