secular and cathedral music in the high middle ages
Post on 28-Mar-2015
218 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Secular and Cathedral Music in the High Middle Ages
Troubadours
• Aquitaine• William IX, count of Poitiers and duke of
Aquitaine• Provençal, Occitan, langue d’oc– Trobar (Poetry), Trobador (Poet)
Troubadours
• Troubadour verse types– sirventes– emueg– gap– planh– tenso– canso• fin’ amors (“Courtly love”)
Troubadours
• Bernart de Ventadorn (d. ca. 1200)– Can vei la lauzeta mover
[Anthology 1-10]• canso
• Marcabru– L’autrier jost’ una sebissa
[Anthology 1-11]• pastorela
Performance and Oral Culture
• Minstrels• joglars, jongluers (“Jokers”)
• Chansonniers (books of songs)• vidas
Performance and Oral Culture
• Trobaritz– Comtessa de Dia• A chantar [Anthology 1-12]
Music for ElitesTrobar Clus
• “closed” or difficult poetry for connoisseurs• trobar leu: “light” poetry designed for
immediate pleasure
Trouvères
• langue d’oïl• Richard I (Lionheart)– Ja nun hons pris [Anthology 1-13]
• Moniot d’Arras (d. 1239)– Ce fut en mai [Anthology 1-14]
• Jehan Bretel (d. 1272)• Adam de la Halle
Trouvères
• Narrative poetry– chansons de geste “Songs of deeds”• Lai
– chansons de toile “picture song”
Formes Fixes
• Rondeau– AB a A ab AB
• Ballade– Refrain aab Refrain aab, etc.
• Virelai– B aab B aab, etc.
Formes Fixes
• Adam de la Halle– Je muir, je muir d’amorete
[Anthology 1-15a]• Rondeau
– Fines amouretes ai [Anthology 1-15b]
• Ballade
– Le jeu de Robin et de Marion
Geographical Diffusion
• Iberian peninsula: Cantigas de Santa Maria (1250–1280)
• Italian peninsula: lauda spirituale• German song: Minnesang, Minnelieder,
Minnsinger– Lied– Walther von der Volgelweide (d. ca. 1230)– Neidhardt von Reuenthal (d. ca. 1250)
Geographical Diffusion
• German song: Minnesang, Minnelieder, Minnsinger– Lied– Walther von der Volgelweide (d. ca. 1230)– Neidhardt von Reuenthal (d. ca. 1250)
InstrumentsCantigas manuscript
Polyphony in Aquitanian Monastic Centers
• Abbey of St. Martial• “St. Martial” organum• Jubilemus exultemus [Anthology 1-16]– Tenor (tenere “to hold”)– Cantus firmus
• Ad superni regis [Anthology 1-17]– Versus– Ligatures
Notre Dame School
• Notre Dame de Paris• Anonymous IV– Leoninus magister (Master Leonin)– Perotinus magnus (the great Perotin)
Measured Music
• De mensurabili musica (On measured music)• Modus or “Rhythmic mode”– Nota longa, nota brevis
• Organum duplum– Gradual Viderunt omnes [Anthology 1-18]• Discant• copula
Organum with Another Voice
• Organum triplum, quadruplum• Gradual Viderunt omnes [Anthology 1-19]– Perotin– Hocket– Fractio modi
Conductus at Notre Dame
• Homorhythmic (note against note)• Vetus abit littera [Anthology 1-20]– cauda
The Motet
• Johannes de Grocheio, Ars musicae (The Art of Music) (ca. 1300)
• mot (“word”)• [Anthology 1-21]– Double motet
“Franconian” Notation
• Ars cantus mensurabilis (The Art of Measured Song) (ca. 1280)– Franco of Cologne
• Mensural notation
Late 13th Century Motet
• L’autre jour/ Au tens pascour/IN SECULUM [Anthology 1-22]
• Montpellier Codex (ca. 1280–1300)– 300+ motets
• On parole/A Paris/FRESE NOUVELE [Anthology 1-23]
The “Petronian” Motet
• Petrus de Cruce• Puncta divisionis (division points)
top related