sb-lecture 1 lv

1

Synthetic

Biology

Input

Output

AND

Gene A

Gene B

Gene C

2

micro.magnet.fsu.edu

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Prokaryotic cell

3

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Eukaryotic cell

4

faculty.fmcc.suny.edu

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Cell membrane

5

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Cell-Cell communication in prokaryotes

http://parts.mit.edu/igem07/index.php/Chiba/Communication

6

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Cell communication in eukaryotes

course1.winona.edu

7

DNA

RNA

PROTEIN

Transcription byRNA polymerase

Translation byribosomes

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Flow of genetic information

8

torvista.com

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Chromosome structure

9room212bio.posterous.com

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Chromosome structure

10

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

DNA structure

11

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

DNA structure

12

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Nucleic acid hybridization

Denaturation = dissociation of the two strands Melting = denaturation

Renaturation = reassociation of the two strands Annealing = renaturation

Annealing can happen between two complementary DNA strands or between DNA and RNA (hybridization)

13

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

DNA structure Problem 1

5’-ACCTGCCTGACAACTG-3’

14

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Gene structure

Gene Gene

Promoter Coding sequence Terminator

chromosome

15

RNA

Transcription start site

Promoter

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Gene structure

Terminator

16

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Promoter structure

17bioap.wikispaces.com

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Transcription

18

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Transcription

19

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Transcription

20

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

DNA structure Problem 21) (2 points) The following diagram of a generalized tetranucleotide will serve as a basis for the questions marked A) and B).

A) Given that the DNA strand which served as a template for the synthesis of this tetranucleotide was composed of the bases 5’- CCTG- 3’, fill in the parentheses (in the diagram) with the expected bases.

B) Suppose that one of the precursors for this tetranucleotide (in the diagram) was a 32P-labeled guanine nucleoside triphosphate. Circle the radioactive phosphorous atom(s) as it exist(s) in the tetranucleotide.

21

AUG UGA

Ribosome binding siteto initiate translation

Start codon(first amino acid of the protein)

Stop codon(signal to end

protein synthesis)

= untranslated region

5’ 3’

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

mRNA structure

22

+1

-10Box

TATAA

-35Box

TTGTCA RNA

Core promoter = Binding site for RNA polymerase

In this configuration transcription is ON

RNA Pol

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Transcription

23

RNA

+1

RNA PolA

A = Activator of transcription

bad promoter

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Transcription

24

+1

-10box

-35box

operator

R

R = Repressor

In this configuration RNA Polymerase cannot bindtranscription is OFF

X

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Repression of transcription

25

• The lactose operon of E. coli

R

lacIrepressor R

-35 O -10

Transcription is OFF

Active repressor

X

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Repression of transcription

26

• The lactose operon of E. coli

R

lacIrepressor

-35 O -10

Transcription is ON

Inactiverepressor = inducer (lactose)

RNA Pol

X

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Induction of gene expression

27

AUG UGA5’ 3’

3’ 5’

siRNA

Binding of siRNA causes mRNA degradation

TranslationX

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Silencing by antisense RNA

28

AUG UGA5’ 3’

Ribozymes+ aptamer

RNA cleavage

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Repression by mRNA cleavage

29

AUG UGA

Ribosome binding siteto initiate translation

Start codon(first amino acid of the protein)

Stop codon(signal to end

protein synthesis)

= untranslated region

5’ 3’

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

mRNA structure

30

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Translation

31

brooklyn.cuny.edu

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

The genetic code

32

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Protein structure

biochem.arizona.edu

33

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

DNA replication

34

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

DNA replication

35

5’- TTCCATTCGGCGA -3’ 3’- AGC -5’

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

DNA replication Problem 1

36

• Construct a promoter• Insert an operator• Insert a ribosome binding site• Select a coding sequence (output)

-10box

-35box

operator

Modular structure

Output

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Construction of a synthetic gene