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14-04-2011 GARBAGE AS A ALTERNATIVESOURCE OF ENERGY 1
TOPIC:GARBAGE AS A ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF
ENERGY
Submitted To:Prof. Abid Haleem (HOD)Prof. Mohd. Islam
Dr. Mohd. Suhaib
Department of Mechanical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Technology
Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi-110025
Submitted By:Md. AzheruddinMohd. Danish Mohib
Ashif PerwezMd. Adil Mahboob
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14-04-2011 GARBAGE AS A ALTERNATIVESOURCE OF ENERGY 2
Energy fuelled in ways that do not use up
natural resources or harm the environment.
(Oxford Dictionary)
Energy that is not popularly used and is usually
environmentally sound, such as solar or wind
energy (as opposed to fossil fuels).
(Natural Resources Defense Council)
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TYPES OF ENERGY
Exhaustible Sources of Energy
Non-Exhaustible Sources of energy
Green energy
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ALTERNATIVE
SOURCESOF ENERGY
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WASTE AND ITS TYPES
Biodegradable waste:-
Biodegradable waste is a type of waste, typically
originating from plant or animal sources, which may bedegraded by other living organisms.
Non-biodegradable Waste:-
Waste that cannot be broken down by other livingorganisms are called non-biodegradable .
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14-04-2011 GARBAGE AS A ALTERNATIVESOURCE OF ENERGY 6
CALORIFIC VALUE
Component Moisture(In %)
Volatiles(In %)
FixedCarbon(In %)
Ash(In %)
CalorificValue(In %)
Paper
and Card
5-10 76-81 8-12 2-6 15.7-
18.6
Vegetable waste
78.3 78.1 3.5 1.1 4.2
Grass 75.2 18.7 4.5 1.6 4.8
Wood 20 67.9 11.3 0.8 19.6
Rubber 1.2 84.0 4.9 9.9 25.9
Calorific value is the amount of heat generated from combustionof a unit weight of a substance, expressed as kcal/kg.
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14-04-2011 GARBAGE AS A ALTERNATIVESOURCE OF ENERGY 8
WHAT IS GARBAGE ENERGY?
Waste-to-energy or energy-from-wasteis the process of creating energy in the formof electricity or heat from the incineration ofwaste source
MostWaste-to energy processes produceelectricity directly through combustion, orproduce a combustible fuel commodity, such
as methane, methanol, ethanol or syntheticfuels.
Ref:Wikipedia
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METHODS TO PRODUCE GARBAGE ENERGY
INCINERATION
Incineration, the combustion of organic materialsuch as waste with energy recovery is the
most common waste-to-energy implementation
By separating the organic matter and letting itrot in an airtight environment to produce
methane, which is used as a fuel. The dry residueis then burned and the heat from this can also beharnessed
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THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES:
Gasification (produces combustible gas,
hydrgen,synthetic fuels)
Thermal depolymerization (produces syntheticcrude oil, which can be further refined)
Pyrolysis (produces combustible tar/bio oil andchars)
METHODS TO PRODUCE GARBAGE ENERGY
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Anaerobic digestion (Biogas rich in methane)
Fermentation production (examples areethanol, lactic acid, hydrogen)
Mechanical biological treatment (MBT)
NON-THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES:
METHODS TO PRODUCE GARBAGE ENERGY
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According to the IntegratedWaste
Energy Association
There are 90 waste-to-energy plantsin the United States.
The energy produced by the nation's90 waste-to-energy facilities is theelectricity generating equivalent of
30 million barrels of crude oil.
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14-04-2011GARBAGE AS A ALTERNATIVE
SOURCE OF ENERGY 13
For every ton of trash disposed in a waste-to-energyplant, there is one ton LESS of carbon dioxide emissionreleased into the air due to avoiding land disposal and
fossil fuel generation.
The energy produced by the nation's waste-to-energyplants is enough to meet the energy needs of2.3 million American homes.
America's 90 waste-to-energy plants displace7.8 million tons of coal that otherwise would becombusted for energy each year.
According to the Integrated WasteEnergy Association
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SOURCE OF ENERGY 14
ADVANTAGES FROM GARBAGE ENERGY
Fossil Fuel Dependence Is Reduced
Energy Is Produced Domestically
Stability In Availability And Pricing
The Local Community And Economy Benefitfrom These facilities
More Space In Landfills Is Available
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SOURCE OF ENERGY 15
ADVANTAGES FROM GARBAGE ENERGY
There Is An Unlimited Supply Of Municipal Waste
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Are Significantly Reduced
This Energy Generation Is Environmentally Friendly
Municipal Waste To Energy Promotes Recycling
Municipal Waste To Energy Plants are strictlymonitored
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SOURCE OF ENERGY 16
DISADVANTAGES FROM GARBAGE ENERGY
Initial cost of the waste-energy-plant is high.
The burning of the garbage releases the chemicalsand substances found in the waste.
These chemicals can be hazardous to people andthe environment if they are not properly controlled.
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SOURCE OF ENERGY 17
Waste-to-energy plants will impede recycling
programs. If all the waste is burned then there willbe little incentive to recycle used products.
Opposition from environmental and citizen group.
Less conversion efficiency.
DISADVANTAGES FROM GARBAGE ENERGY
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SOURCE OF ENERGY 18
Recycling saves energy; waste-to-energy plantsmake energy from garbage; landfills can be minedfor the methane they produce.
In addition, by utilizing methane for energyproduction, these systems eliminate emissions ofgreenhouse gas that is at least 20 times morepowerful than carbon dioxide in promoting global
warming.
Conclusion
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SOURCE OF ENERGY 19
REFRENCESWIKIPEDIAOXFORD DICTIONARY
By CHARLES W. JOHNSONNews Editor for the Southern StandardENERGY POLICY, Brazil Paper of M.A. KishimbaChemistry Department, University of Dar es Salaam
Paula Estevez Weinstein, Solid Waste ManagementSantiago, Chile
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SOURCE OF ENERGY 20
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