sachin jangid ppt on emotions
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Behaviour Science
Assignment
Submitted To : Submitted By:
Dr. Kailash Chand barmola Sachin jangid
Defining Emotion
Elements of Emotion 1: The Body
Elements of Emotion 2: The Mind
Elements off Emotion 3: The Culture
Putting the elements together : Emotion and Gender
Emotion
Emotion
A state of arousal involving facial and body changes, brain activation, cognitive appraisals,
subjective feelings, and tendencies toward action, all shaped by cultural rules.
Primary And Secondary
Face of Emotion
Brain and Emotion
Hormones and Emotions
Detecting Emotions : Does the body lie
Elements of Emotion 1: The Body
Primary emotions Emotions considered to be universal and biologically
based. They generally include fear, anger, sadness, joy, surprise, disgust, and contempt.
Secondary emotion Emotions that develop with cognitive maturity and vary
across individuals and cultures. Three biological areas of emotion are facial expressions, brain regions and circuits, and autonomic nervous system.
Elements of Emotion 1: The Body
Facial expressions for primary emotions are universal.
Even members of remote cultures can recognize facial expressions in people who are foreign to them.
Facial feedback Process by which the facial muscles send messages to
the brain about the basic emotion being expressed. Infants are able to read parental expressions. Facial expression can generate same expressions
in others, creating mood contagion.
Universal Expressions of Emotion
Anger is universally recognized by geometric patterns on the face.
In each pair, the left form seems angrier than the right form.
The Face of Anger
Across and within cultures, agreement often varies on which emotion a particular facial expression is revealing.
People don’t usually express their emotion in facial expressions unless others are around.
Facial expressions convey different meanings depending on their circumstances.
People often use facial expressions to lie about their feelings as well as to express them.
Facial Expressions in Social Context
The amygdala Responsible for assessing threat. Damage to the amygdala results in abnormality to
process fear. Left prefrontal cortex Involved in motivation to approach others. Damage to this area results in loss of joy.
Right prefrontal cortex Involved in withdrawal and escape. Damage to the area results in excessive mania and
euphoria.
Brain and Emotion
When experiencing an intense emotion, 2 hormones are released.
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Results in increased alertness and arousal.
At high levels, it can create the sensation of being out of control emotionally.
Hormones and Emotions
The Autonomic Nervous System
Polygraph testing relies on
autonomic nervous system arousal.
Typical measures:
Galvanic Skin Response
Pulse, blood pressure
Breathing
Fidgeting
Detecting Emotions : Does the Body Lie
Empirical support is weak and conflicting.
Test is inadmissible in most courts.
It is illegal to use for most job screening.
Many government agencies continue to use for screening.
Polygraph Test
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Innocentpeoplejudgedguilty
Guiltypeoplejudged
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How thoughts create emotions
The two factor theory of emotion.
Attributions and emotions.
Cognitions and emotional complexity
Elements of Emotion 2 : The Mind
How thoughts create emotions
The two factor theory of emotion.
Attributions and emotions.
Cognitions and emotional complexity
Two Factor Theory of Emotion
Perceptions and attributions are involved in emotions.
How one reacts to an event depends on how he or she explains it.
For example, how one reacts to being ignored or winning the silver instead of the gold medal.
Philosophy of life is also influential.
Attributions and Emotions
Cognitions, and therefore, emotions, become more complex as a child’s cerebral cortex matures.
Self-conscious emotions, such as shame and guilt, do not occur until after infancy, due to the emergence of a sense of self and others.
People can learn how their thinking affects their emotions and can change their thinking accordingly.
Cognitions and Emotional Complexity
Culture and emotional variation
The rules of emotional regulation
Display rules
Body language
Emotion work
Elements of Emotion 3 : The Culture
Display Rules When, where, and how emotions are to be expressed or
when they should be squelched.
Body Language The nonverbal signals of body movement, posture and
gaze that people constantly express.
Emotion Work Acting out an emotion we do not feel or trying to create
the right emotion for the occasion.
The Rules of Emotional Regulations
Physiology and intensity
Sensitivity to other people’s emotions
Cognitions
Expressiveness
Factors which affect expressiveness
Emotion work
Putting it all together : Emotion and Gender
Physiology and intensity
Women recall emotional events more intensely and vividly than do men.
Men experience emotional events more intensely than do women.
Conflict is physiologically more upsetting for men than
women.
Putting The elements Together : Emotion and Gender
Males autonomic nervous system is more reactive than females.
Men are more likely to rehearse angry thoughts which maintains anger.
Women are more likely to ruminate which maintains depression.
Possible reasons for differences in physiology and intensity.
Factors which influence one’s ability to “read” emotional signals:
The sex of the sender and receiver.
How well the sender and receiver know each other.
How expressive the sender is.
Who has the power.
Stereotypes and expectations.
Sensitivity to Other People’s Emotions
Men and women appear to differ in the types of every day events that provoke their anger.
Women become angry over issues related to their partners disregard.
Men become angry over damage to property or problems with strangers.
Cognitions
In North America women: Smile more than men.
Gaze at listeners more.
Have more emotionally expressive faces.
Use more expressive body movements.
Touch others more.
Acknowledge weakness and emotions more.
Compared to women, men only express anger to strangers more.
Expressiveness
Gender roles
Cultural norms
The specific situation
Factors Influencing Emotional Expressiveness
Women work hard at appearing warm, happy and making sure others are happy.
Men work hard at persuading others they are stern, aggressive and unemotional.
Why?
Gender roles and status.
Emotion Work And Gender
Thank You
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