s mall g roup c ommunication grace geng tom kwasa alex halvaty tao ji
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SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION
Grace Geng
Tom Kwasa
Alex Halvaty
Tao Ji
Team For
OUTLINESSmall-Group
Communication and Problem Solving
Definition of a small Group
Use and Value of Teams in the Effective
Organization
Characteristics of Effective Problem-
Solving Teams
The Basic Problem-Solving Procedure
Selecting The Group Format
Participation and Leadership in Teams
Effective Team Participants Have Good
Communication Skills
Effective Team Participants Perform Needed Task and
Maintenance Roles
Effective Team Leadership
Leader Responsibilities
SMALLGROUP COMMUNICATION ANDPROBLEM SOLUTION
DEFINITION OF A SMALL GROUP
Small Grou
p
A small number of
people
Face-to-face interaction
Actively working together toward a
common goal
USE AND VALUE OF TEAMS IN THE EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATION
• Seek or Share InformationLearningg Group
• Seek to inspire desirable attitudes, understanding, and communication patterns rather than merely to inform
Self-maintenance
Groups
• a series of decisions in an attempt to solve a particular problem
Problem-solving Groups
CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING TEAMS
Well organized
Receive periodic training
Examine assumptions and opinions
Evaluate possible solutions
Avoid groupthink
Manage cultural diversity
Operate virtually
EFFECTIVE TEAMS ARE WELL ORGANIZED
Groups follow an organized procedure are more productive
Avoid sloppy thinking
Fewer problems and negative behavior
Hand conflicts better
Build on strengths of members
Feel more empowered
EFFECTIVE TEAMS RECEIVE PERIODIC TRAINING
Group productivity
Group training
Training can dispel a variety of prejudices people have about teams.
EFFECTIVE TEAMS EVALUATE POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
Compare the solution to predetermined criteria Example: select employee
Supervisor receive at least one letter of recommendation from satisfied
customer
At least an increase of 20% in sales over the previous month
Employee should be liked by fellow workers
EFFECTIVE TEAMS MANAGE CULTURAL DIVERSITY Not all cultures view or
solve problems in the same way.
U.S.
Expect problems to occur and are quick to identify them when they do. Great value on speed and decisiveness.
Asian countries
Take longer to identify problems. Evaluate all alternatives, base decision on tradition and past experience
MANAGE CULTURAL DIVERSITY CONT.
• Recognize differences• Elect members for their task-related
abilities• Find a purpose, vision, or
superordinate goal • Avoid cultural dominance• Develop mutual respect for each
other• Seek a high level of feedback
Recommendations:
EFFECTIVE TEAMS OPERATE VIRTUALLY
Face to face meetings
Computer-mediated communication (CMC)
THE BASIC PROBLEM-SOLVING PROCEDURE
a
• List possible alternatives• List as many as time/resources allow, use
brainstorming and NGT (silent vote)
b
• Evaluate each alternative• Eliminate bad, combine similar, eliminate those not
meeting all “need” criteria, rank remaining against “wants”
c
• Select best alternative and discuss implementation
• Best solution=highest totals, tie breakers
SELECTING THE GROUP FORMAT
Roundtables (most common)Small group discussion, in private, using problem solving
PanelSmall panel of well informed ind.discussing in front of a group
SymposiumSmall group of experts, formal, often to educate public
ForumAudience participation following panel or symposium
HAVE A BREAK
PARTICIPATIONANDLEADERSHIPINTEAMS
EFFECTIVE TEAM PARTICIPANTS HAVE GOOD COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Active Listening: Receives, interprets,
checks, repeat
Open-mindedness Reach a decision that
benefits group as a whole
EFFECTIVE TEAM PARTICIPANTS HAVE GOOD COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Effective Personality Types (big five) Extroversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness Emotional Stability Openness to Experience
EFFECTIVE TEAM PARTICIPANTS PERFORM NEEDED TASK AND MAINTENANCE ROLES
Task and Maintenance
Roles
Handling Dysfunctional
Behaviors
GROUP TASK ROLESa) Initiateb) Give informationc) Seek informationd) Give Opinionse) Seek Opinionsf) Elaborate on ideasg) Energize the grouph) Review and
summarize the discussions
i) Record group suggestions
GROUP MAINTENANCE ROLES
1. Encourage
2. Harmonize
3. Relieve tension
4. Gatekeep
DYSFUNCTIONAL BEHAVIORS
Blocking Aggression Story Telling Recognition Seeking Dominating Confessing Special Interest
Pleading Distracting Withdrawing
HANDLING DYSFUNCTIONAL BEHAVIORS
Plan your opening remarks carefully.
Position the person next to a leader
Avoid direct eye contact.
Assign specific tasks to dysfunctional members
Ask members to speak in a specific order.
Break in at break time
Position talkative member between 2 quiet members
Encourage withdrawers
Give praise and encouragement
EFFECTIVE TEAM LEADERSHIP Behavior Theories:1. Trait2. Two-dimension3. Function4. Three-dimension
Situational Theories:1. Situational Contingency2. Path-Goal
Recent Theories:1. Normative decision2. Transformational
LEADER RESPONSIBILITIESFace-To-Face Meetings
a) Inform about meeting location.b) Select a meeting place conducive to
effective discussion.c) Check the facilities prior to meetingd) Welcome attendantse) Start and end on time.f) Preview and stick to the agenda.g) Keep minutes (recorder or
secretary)h) Ask questionsi) Listen carefullyj) Summarizek) See to tasks and maintenancel) Thank participantsm) Inform stakeholders.
LEADER RESPONSIBILITIES
Virtual Meetings
a) Select team members
carefully
b) Avoid micro management
c) Provide detailed training
d) Encourage regular and
extensive communications.
CONCLUSION
What is a small group? What are the
advantages of teams, and why? How does
one solve problems in small group?
How do you make team participants
effective? How to be an effective team
leader?
QUESTIONS
THANK YOU ALL VERY MUCH!----GRACE GENG, TOM KWASA, ALEX HALVATY, TAO JI
Team For
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