roman republic and empire ■ timeline ■ 509 bc- 27 bc- roman republic ■ 27 bc- 476 ad- roman...
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Roman Republic and Empire
■Timeline■509 BC- 27 BC- Roman Republic■27 BC- 476 AD- Roman Empire (West)■330 AD- 1453 AD- Roman Empire (East)
Size of the Empire
The Geography of Rome Rome was located on the Italian peninsula
along the Mediterranean Sea
The Romans were influenced by the Greeks and a neighboring tribe called the Etruscans
Ancient Roman SocietyRoman society was divided into three major groups
At the top were the nobles (called patricians); they controlled most of the land and held key
military and government positions
Ancient Roman SocietyRoman society was divided into three major groups
Patricians made up 5% of all Roman citizens
Ancient Roman Society
Most Roman people were commoners (called plebeians); they were farmers,
shopkeepers, or peasants
Ancient Roman Society
Plebeians paid the majority of taxes collected in the Roman Republic; they
made up 95% of Roman citizens
Ancient Roman Society
At the bottom of society were slaves and residents
of the Roman Republic who were not Roman
The Government of Ancient Rome
When Rome was first
founded, it was ruled by kings; but in 509 BC, the
Romans created a republic
The most important feature of the republic was the Senate, whose 300 members were elected by citizens to make laws and taxes
The United States also has a republican government, very similar to the one of
Ancient Rome
The Government of Ancient Rome In 451 BCE, government
officials wrote down Rome’s laws onto the Twelve Tables, which
were hung in the forum for all citizens to see
The Twelve Tables were based on the idea that
all citizens of Rome had a right to the protection
of the law
The Roman MilitaryRome had the largest army in the Mediterranean
at the time; it was also highly organizedThe Roman soldiers were divided into
groups of 5000 men called legions
The Romans went to war with a neighboring kingdom, Carthage
(based in northern Africa)
THE PUNIC WARS
THE PUNIC WARS
The Carthaginians engaged the Romans in three long wars over the
course of about a hundred years
With Carthage’s defeat, the Romans were then the most dominant power in the Mediterranean,
carving out an enormous empire
THE PUNIC WARS
Julius Caesar partnered with two
other Roman politicians to take control of Rome (they formed a triumvirate)
Julius was extremely popular with the
Roman people, due to his great military
victories
Fearing that he was becoming too powerful, members of the Roman
Senate conspired to assassinate Caesar
Caesar was cornered and stabbed to death in the Roman Senate building, which began
the end of the Roman Republic
FROM ROMAN REPUBLIC TO ROMAN EMPIRE
Julius Caesar’s death changed Rome; the people no longer trusted the Senate
to rule the Roman Republic
FROM ROMAN REPUBLIC TO ROMAN EMPIRE
Octavian exacted revenge on the Senators who assassinated Julius
Octavian became ruler of Rome, renaming himself
Augustus Caesar
“Augustus” means “exalted one”; Julius
Caesar’s last name became the title for “emperor”
FROM ROMAN REPUBLIC TO ROMAN EMPIRE
Augustus did away with the Senators’ power, ending the
representative government of Rome and becoming Rome’s
first emperor
The Senate still met, but the emperor had all of
the real power
THE PAX ROMANA
Pax RomanaPax Romana
Augustus’ 41 year reign marked the beginning of a 207-year era of peace, wealth, and
expansion called “Pax Romana” (the “Roman Peace”) from 27 BCE to 180 CE
The Empire was over 3
million square miles in size
and contained about 80
million people
Pax Romana became the “golden age” of Rome as emperors like Augustus built well-paved roads and a modern infrastructure;
they had a merit-based bureaucracy to rule the empire
Roman aqueducts brought water to cities
Emperors built arenas and used chariot races, gladiator events, and theater to
entertain the Roman people
The Roman Coliseum
Rome would have a wide range of different
emperors over the years
ROMAN EMPERORS: THE GOOD, THE BAD, and THE UGLY
Despite having some bad emperors mixed in with the great ones, the Roman Empire grew in
size, power, and glory
CONCLUSIONS
Rome expanded from a city, to a republic, to an empire
The era of the Roman Republic introduced
representative democracy
The era of the Roman Empire led to the Pax Romana and the “golden age” of Roman
innovation and culture
Closure Activity
Would you rather live during the Roman Republic or the Empire? Provide at least 3 reasons why
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