rock physics - eseise-seis.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/rock-physics.pdftitle: microsoft...

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Rock Physics

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Gas

Down dip wet sand

GasGas

Where is the Gas?

Pre-stack Time Migrated Stack

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Gas

Down dip wet sand

GasGas

The stack is a function of:

Lithology

Porosity

Fluids

Pre-stack Time Migrated Stack

Where is the Gas?

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Petrophysics, Logs

Nphi

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Nphi

This log is a function of:

Lithology

Porosity

Fluids

Petrophysics, Logs

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Nphi Rhob

Petrophysics, Logs

Nphi

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Nphi Rhob Nphi/Rhob

Petrophysics, Logs

Nphi

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Nphi Rhob Nphi/Rhob Lith/Phi/Fluids

Petrophysics, Logs

Nphi

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Nphi Rhob Nphi/Rhob Lith/Phi/Fluids

Petrophysics, Logs

Nphi

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Nphi Rhob Nphi/Rhob Lith/Phi/Fluids GR

Petrophysics, Logs

Nphi

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Nphi Rhob

Petrophysics, Logs

Nphi

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Nphi Rhob

Lithology/Fluid

Petrophysics, Logs

Nphi

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Nphi Rhob

Porosity

Petrophysics, Logs

Nphi

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Nphi Rhob Lith/Phi/FluidsLithology/Fluids

Porosity

Petrophysics, Logs

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Gas

Down dip wet sand

GasGas

Where is the Gas?

Pre-stack Time Migrated Stack

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Amplitude Variations

with Offset,

AVO

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RecordingSystem

Seismic Sources

t2

t3

GeophoneArray

t1

Location

of gather

Offset

CMP Gather

t2

t3

t1

The PSTM CDP Gather

In the PSTM CDP gather, at any given time, each offset samples the

same subsurface point but does so at different angles.

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Am

pli

tud

e

sin2θθθθ

P (intercept)

Offset

Seismic Gather

tG (slope)

AVO Gradient Analysis

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Am

pli

tud

e

sin2θθθθ

AVO Analysis

Full Stack

P (Y Intercept)

G (Slope)

Normal Incidence Section

AVO Gradient Section

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Normal Incidence (P)

Seismic Petrophysics

Where are the sands?

Gas?

Porosity?

AVO Gradient (G)

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0,0

G

P P

Stack

G

Stack

Crossplot of P and G

What does this crossplot mean

In terms of:

Lithology?

Porosity?

Fluids?

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LithSeis®

Modeling Methodology

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Conventional Seismic Modeling

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Conventional Seismic Modeling

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Seismic Petrophysics

GR RT DT Rhob Nphi

Lith/

Phi/

Fluids

Inversion

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GR RT DT Rhob Nphi GR RT DT Rhob Nphi

Lith/

Phi/

Fluids

Inversion Forward Modeling

Seismic Petrophysics

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GR RT DT Rhob Nphi GR RT DT Rhob Nphi Seismic

Lith/

Phi/

Fluids

Inversion Forward Modeling

Seismic Petrophysics

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Lith/Phi/Fluids Seismic Model / Stack

Seismic Petrophysics

Logs

Forward Model

Inversion

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CDP 1

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CDP 11

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CDP 22

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CDP 33

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CDP 44

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Rock Modeling Summary

P GGathers

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1000 Models

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From Shale to a 6% Porosity Sand

Wet, Gas

6%

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From Shale to a 10% Porosity Sand

Wet, Gas

10%

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From Shale to a 14% Porosity Sand

Wet, Gas

14%

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From Shale to a 18% Porosity Sand

Wet, Gas

18%

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From Shale to a 22% Porosity Sand

Wet, Gas

22%

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26%

From Shale to a 26% Porosity Sand

Wet, Gas

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From Shale to a 30% Porosity Sand

Wet, Gas

30%

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From Shale to a 34% Porosity Sand

Wet, Gas

34%

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From Shale to a 38% Porosity Sand

Wet, Gas

38%

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From Shale to a 42% Porosity Sand

Wet, Gas

42%

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From Shale to a 46% Porosity Sand

Wet, Gas

46%

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Laminated Sands

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From Shale to a 30% Porosity Sand

Wet, Gas

30%

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From Shale to a 30% Porosity,Laminated Sand

Wet, Gas

30%

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Thickness

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Sand with Porosity from 0 to 46%

4ms Thick

Distance

Thickness

4ms

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Sand with Porosity from 0 to 46%

8ms Thick

Distance

Thickness

8ms

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Sand with Porosity from 0 to 46%

12ms Thick

Distance

Thickness

12ms

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Sand with Porosity from 0 to 46%

16ms Thick

Distance

Thickness

16ms

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Sand with Porosity from 0 to 46%

20ms Thick

Distance

Thickness

20ms

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Sand with Porosity from 0 to 46%

All Thicknesses

Distance

Thickness

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Results of:

1000’s Models

100’s data Sets

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Rocks vs. Distance & Direction

Function of?

Lithology

Fluids

Thickness

Elliptical Distance Direction

Function of?

Porosity

Blocky or Laminated

Infers Depositional Facies

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How does this fit with

reality?

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AVO Type Tendencies

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Seismic Petrophysical WorkflowP Section

G Section

Lithology Section

AVO Types Section

P vs. G

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Gas

Down dip wet sand

GasGas

Where is the Gas?

Pre-stack Time Migrated Stack

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Gas

Down dip wet sand

GasGas

Where is the Gas?

The stack is a function of:

Lithology

Porosity

Fluids

Pre-stack Time Migrated Stack

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GasGas

Gas

GasGas

Gas

Seismic Lithology/AVO Response

4

Lithology Color Bar

50

15

0

-15

-50

G

P

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Examples

Depositional Facies

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Lithology/Fluid and AVO Types

Lithology AVO Type

4

Lithology Color Bar

50

15

0

-15

-50

G

P

G

12

3

4

5

-5

-3

-2

-1

AVO Type Color Bar

P

-4 5

4

3

2

1

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

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Lithology/Fluid Response, Surface

4

Lithology Color Bar

50

15

0

-15

-50

G

P

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G

12

3

4

5

-5

-3

-2

-1

AVO Type Color Bar

P

-4 5

4

3

2

1

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

AVO Type Response, Surface

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LithSeis Data, Section Views

Lithology AVO Type

4

Lithology Color Bar

50

15

0

-15

-50

G

P

G

12

3

4

5

-5

-3

-2

-1

AVO Type Color Bar

P

-4 5

4

3

2

1

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

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4

Lithology Color Bar

50

15

0

-15

-50

G

P

Lithology/Fluid Response, Surface

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AVO Type Response, Surface

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Conclusion

Think in terms of

Lithology, Porosity

and fluids

not

wiggles and

impedances and

instantaneous

attributes.