rna translation & translation

Translation and TranscriptionBy: Peyton Graham

Transcription

Nucleus

Cell

Nucleus

Cell

Nucleus

Cell

Nucleus

Cell

. KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

DNA STRAND

ff

. KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

DNA STRAND

ff

ff

. KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

DNA STRAND

DNA Polymerase

. KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

DNA STRAND

DNA Polymerase

. KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

DNA STRAND

DNA Polymerase

Start Codon

DNA STRAND

DNA Polymerase

. KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Start Codon

. KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

DNA STRAND

mRNA Strand

Start Codon

. KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

DNA STRAND

mRNA Strand

Start Codon

. KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

DNA STRAND

mRNA Strand

. KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

DNA STRAND

mRNA Strand

. KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

DNA STRAND

mRNA Strand

. KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

DNA STRAND

mRNA Strand

. KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

DNA STRAND

mRNA Strand

. KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

DNA STRAND

mRNA Strand

. KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

DNA STRAND

mRNA Strand (messenger)

. KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

DNA STRAND

mRNA Strand (messenger)

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

DNA STRAND

mRNA Strand (messenger)

End Codon

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

DNA STRAND

mRNA Strand

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

DNA STRAND

mRNA Strand

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Pore

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Pore

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Pore

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Pore

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Pore

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Enters Cytoplasm

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Enters Cytoplasm

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Enters Cytoplasm

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Enters Cytoplasm

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

The mRNA binds to the ribosome

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

The mRNA binds to the ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

The mRNA binds to the ribosome

tRN

A

tRNA (transfer RNA) comes in

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

tRN

A

tRNA (transfer RNA)comes in

Key:Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

tRNA

tRNA comes in

Key:Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

tRNA

tRNA comes in

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

Ribosome

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

tRNA

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

tR

NA

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

tRN

A

Ribosome

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

tR

NA

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

tRNA

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

tR

NA

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

tRNA

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

tR

NA

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

tRN

A

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

tRN

AtRNA

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

tRN

A

tRNA

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

tRN

A

tRNA

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

tRN

A

tRNA

Ribosome

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

tRN

A

tRN

A

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

tRN

A

tRN

A

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

tRN

A

tRNA

tRN

A

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

tRN

A

tRNA

Ribosome

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

tRN

A

tRNA

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

tRN

A

tRN

A

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

tRNA

tRN

A

= Peptide bond

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

tRNA

= Peptide bond

tRN

A

tRN

A

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRNA

tRN

A

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRN

A

tRN

A

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRN

A

tRN

A

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRN

AtRNA

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

tRNA

= Peptide bond

tRN

A

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRN

A

tRNA

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRN

A

tRN

A

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRN

A

tRN

A

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRNA

tRNA

tRN

A

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRNA

tRN

A

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRNA

tRN

A

Ribosome

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRN

A

tRN

A

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRN

A

tRN

A

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRN

A

tRNA

tRNA

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRN

A

tRNA

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRN

A

tRNA

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRN

A

tRN

A

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons.

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRN

A

tRN

A

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRNA

tRNA

tRN

A tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons to the rRNA (ribosome).

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRN

A

tRNA

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons to the rRNA (ribosome).

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRN

A

tRN

A tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons to the rRNA (ribosome).

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRNA

tRN

A tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons to the rRNA (ribosome).

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRN

A

tRN

A

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons to the rRNA (ribosome).

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRN

A

tRNA

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons to the rRNA (ribosome).

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRN

A

tRNA

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons to the rRNA (ribosome).

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRN

A

tRN

A tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons to the rRNA (ribosome).

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRNAtRNA tR

NA tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino

acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons to the rRNA (ribosome).

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRNA tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino

acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons to the rRNA (ribosome).

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRNAtRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons to the rRNA (ribosome).

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRNA

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons to the rRNA (ribosome).

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons to the rRNA (ribosome).

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

The protein is complete and is raveled and can leave

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons to the rRNA (ribosome).

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

The protein is complete and is raveled and can leave

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons to the rRNA (ribosome).

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

The protein is complete and is raveled and can leave

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons to the rRNA (ribosome).

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

The protein is complete and is raveled and can leave

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons to the rRNA (ribosome).

Ribosome

KEY: .AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineUracil

Key:

tRNA brings the anticodon and the amino acid that matches with the mRNA’s codons to the rRNA (ribosome).

Methionine -(start) Histidine -

Lysine -

Tyrosine -

Serine -

Arginine -

Leucine -

Glutamin -

Stop (UGA) -

= Peptide bond

The protein is complete and is raveled and can leave

Steps1. Transcription

First, RNA polymerase unwinds and reads the DNA strand in the nucleus of the cell. Next, it replicates strand 1 of the DNA, switching thymines to uracils in a single strand. This creates the mRNA and it leaves through a nuclear pore.

2. TranslationFirst, the mRNA attaches to a ribosome after entering the cytoplasm. Then, it’s codons are attached to anticodons with it’s pair. This is brought from the tRNA. It contains the amino acid that matches the codon. The mRNA is passed through the ribosome and two codons are read at a time. The first one then leaves and passes it’s amino acid strand to the next tRNA molecule. The amino acids are connected by peptide bonds. The start codon is always AUG (adenine, uracil, guanine). After it is read, the last tRNA leaves and the aminoacid chain is now a single protein and is raveled up and can leave.