river and rain gauges - watershed 18, 2018  · §red river §shreveport, coushatta, grand ecore,...

W O R K I N G T O G E T H E R F O R S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y A N D R E S I L I E N C EL O U I S I A N A W A T E R S H E D I N I T I A T I V E 33

RIVER AND RAIN GAUGES

Todd Baumann (USGS)Julie Murphy (USACE)Tim Rodgers (USACE)

Emad Habib (ULL)

18 October 2018

W O R K I N G T O G E T H E R F O R S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y A N D R E S I L I E N C E

Init ial evaluation of the existing Louisiana stream gage network

DATASET WORKSHOPTodd Baumann

U.S. Geological SurveyOctober 18, 2018 9:00 am – 10:30 am

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CURRENT ACTIVE USGS GAGES IN LOUISIANA

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• ~70 Discharge gages• ~200 Stage-only gages

All data available at:https://la.water.usgs.gov/

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NETWORK DEVELOPMENT

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• Funding source drives design• 30% Direct federal funding• 30% Other federal agencies• 40% Cooperative agreements

with state and local partners

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WATERSHEDS WITH ADEQUATE COVERAGE

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• Is there a streamgage representing the hydrologic response of the watershed

• 13 basins• 08070205 Tangipahoa• 08040303 Dugdemona• 08070203 Tickfaw• 08080102 Bayou Teche• 08080201 Mermentau Headwater• 0080204 Whiskey Chitto• 11140204 Red Chute• 11140206 Bayou Pierre• 08040202 Lower Ouachita• 08040205 Bayou Bartholomew• 03180005 Bogue Chitto• 08070202 Amite• 03180004 Lower Pearl

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STATISTICAL MODEL NODES IN LOUISIANA

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Worst performance

Best performance

• RESTORE project• Major task: daily-value streamflow prediction• Major task: network analysis

• Estimating streamflow for ~3,000 basins in Louisiana (HUC12)

• Model performance often indicates where more information is needed due to lack of flow data for certain:

• Land-uses• Basin sizes• Geology

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High Low

Good BadModel performance

Gradient

Obv

ious

stre

am n

etw

ork

Interconnected stream netw

ork

POOR MODEL PERFORMANCE

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HISTORIC GAGE ANALYSIS

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• Initial results reveal:• Restarting any of 181 previously gaged sites would be helpful

• Based on evaluating several hundred discontinued gaging sites• Additional analysis could reduce this list to the most critical 40-60

sites

• Watersheds generally coincide with:• Areas that best professional judgment indicated a need for more

information• Areas where model error indicated a need for more information• Exceptions would the Florida Parishes

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NETWORK EXPANSION CONSIDERATIONS

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• Identify watersheds without gages• Consider NWS River Forecast Center

needs• Improved forecasting better supports

local emergency managers• Upgrade existing stage-only gages

• Equipment already installed• Extends available resources

• Re-establish discontinued gages• Brings historic information to bear on

current issues• Local stakeholder needs• Model needs will ultimately

determine gage needs

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PATH FORWARD

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• Work with local partners to expand their capabilities • High water marks

• https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/03/a24/tm3a24.pdf• Staff gages/Crest gages• Sharing best practices

• Gage height vs elevation• Work with current partners to expand or reshape existing gage networks

• Can we answer two questions with one gage• Rethink federally supported gage locations

• Can we better meet the States needs while meeting the national mission• Operation of long-term gage locations

• Framework already exists

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THANK YOUwatershed@la.gov

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USACE New Orleans District Stream Gaging Network

DATASET WORKSHOPJulie W. Murphy

Lead Hydrologic Technician New Orleans District

Hydrology, Hydraulics & Coastal Branch Julie.w.murphy@usace.army.mil

18 October 2018

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Outline• MVN Stream Gaging Network

• Gages/Placement/Use• Challenges/Shortfalls

• Gaps/shortfalls in the network• Limited data parameters• Datum and Epoch Variation• Data Availability

• Possibilities for the Future

• General Gaging Recommendations

• Discussion45L O U I S I A N A W A T E R S H E D I N I T I A T I V E

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MVN Stream Gage Placement and Uses

• Based on USACE missions

• Civil Works (e.g. Navigation of Mississippi River)• Sustainability (e.g. Flood Control Structures)• Emergency Operations (e.g.

Forecasting/Warnings)• Environmental (e.g. Monitoring)• Research & Development (e.g. Modeling)

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MVN Stream Gaging Network• Over 120 Real-time gages

• Stage• Water temp.• METs

• Over 150 high water staff gages• Bonnet Carre Spillway• Morganza Spillway• Atchafalaya Basin

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MVN Real-time Gages

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• Large concentration surrounding New Orleans

• HSDRRS (Hurricane & Storm Damage Risk Reduction System)

• floodgates, pumping stations, surge reduction barrier, outfall canals, levees

• Hurricane Surge Forecasting

• Mississippi & Atchafalaya Rivers

• Navigation • River forecasting

• Operation of control structurese.g. Old River Control Structure affects river forecast• Must work closely with NWS

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ChallengesFunding Shortfalls

• Loss of funding • Historical gages• Paid observer gages• Destroyed gages after event

• Benefit from installing hardened (raised, storm protected) gages that are located in primary impact areas

• No specific project tied to an area of interest = No funding• Understudied areas

• e.g. Upper Calcasieu and Mermentau Rivers• Temporary gages used during project construction that will be turned over• Data gaps

• Results in less validated models• Uncertainties/Unknowns in land use, forecasts, impending problems, etc.

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ChallengesNeed for Wave Gages

• Critical for validating coastal models

• Parameters: wave direction,

significant wave height, wave period

• Would benefit design of coastal

structures, assessment of coastal

erosion, real-time forecasting of

waves, surge level prediction

• Majority of existing wave gages are

offshore and operated by NOAA

• Not many gages are inshore or near

shore

• No gages currently exist close to the

HSDRRS or in the adjacent inland

areas/marshes

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ChallengesNeed for Flow Gages

• Stream flow is computed from rating curves • Also measured from a moving vessel

• Requires a crew and suitable vessel that can withstand flood conditions • Can present safety concerns for crew, especially during flood conditions

• Flow gages at critical areas would aid in the operation of flood control structures and river forecasting

• e.g. Tarbert Q Range used for the operation of the Old River Control Structures

• Improved Model Accuracy and Validation• Increase in data points • Decrease in standard error

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ChallengesDatum/Epoch Variation

• What is a datum and epoch?

• Datum (vertical): A base elevation used as a reference from which to calculate heights or depths

• Terrestrial: NAVD88, NGVD29

• Tidal: MSL, MLLW, MHHW, LWRP, Flow-line

• Local: Cairo, MLG

• Epoch: A time stamp that is associated with a group of benchmarks or gages that have been observed or adjusted on a particular date

• e.g. 2009.55, 2004.65

• Life span of epoch depends on local subsidence rate

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ChallengesDatum/Epoch Variation

• Gages set to varying datum and epochs • NAVD88 (2004.65), NAVD88 (2009.55), NGVD29, etc.

• E.g. Comparing Lower vs. Upper Mississippi River Gages

• Must apply gage adjustment factor to relate gages that are set to differing datums and/or epochs

• Can be difficult for the average user

• Makes sense for all agencies to report water levels in the same datum

• GRAV-D (gravity based datum) would be the best datum for future measurements https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/GRAV-D/

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ChallengesData Availability

• GOES satellites gages • GOES gages can offline due to incremental weather or if antenna is moved• Iridium gages would be more reliable, but more expensive

• Non-stationary constellation• On-demand data,• Two-way communication: send and receive messages• Global Coverage

• MVN real-time gage data available to public online at Rivergages.com

• Not funded/supported by MVN• Maintained by Rock Island District

• No control if system crashes or goes offline• Other ways for public to view data (DADDS, EDDN, Access to Water)

• Some sites require station satellite ID and not as user friendly

• Incomplete digitized gage records

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Possibilities for futureMVN Stream Gaging Network

• Restore destroyed gages that have a signif icant period of record

• Secure funding for new gages that could aid in the USACE mission such as improving forecasting, modeling, and emergency operations

• Watershed Gaps, Coastal, Wave, Flow, Hardened

• Adjust al l gages to the same datum and epoch

• e.g. GRAV-D (gravity based datum)

• Util ize Ir idium and/or more cellular gages

• Digit ize all gage records

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General Recommendations for aStream Gaging Network

• Collaborate with modelers to determine where data is needed for the most valuable models

• Determine gage purpose

• Establish baselines, estimating risks, design, forecasting, disaster warning, structure operation, etc.

• Identify areas where there is a need

• Current shortfalls

• New projects/construction/land uses

• Collaborate with government agencies and equipment manufacturers to optimize gaging O&M

• Provide user friendly options for public access to data

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Discussion

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USACE Vicksburg Louisiana Stream Gaging Network

DATASET WORKSHOPTim Rodgers, P.E.

DATE 9:00 am – 10:30 am

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Overview§ MVK Stream Gaging Network§ USACE Mission§ Gages§ Data§ Things To Consider

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USACE Mission§ Operation of Projects

§Navigation§Recreation

§Flood Control§Environmental Stewardship§Recreation

§Forecasting §Modeling

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MVK Louisiana Stream Gaging Network

§ 70 Satellite transmitting Gages§ 52 Maintained by MVK§ 18 Maintained by USGS

through Cooperative Agreement

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MVK Louisiana Stream Gaging Network

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Data Collection Process

§ Data transmitted to GOES satellite§ Data collected via satellite dish§ Data processed by receiver § Data decoded and written to

database

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Major Stream Gaging Sites§Red River

§Shreveport, Coushatta, Grand Ecore, and Alexandria§Lock and Dams 1-5§Bodcau, Wallace, and Caddo Lakes

§Ouachita River§Sterlington, Monroe, Harrisonburg, and Acme§Columbia and Jonesville Lock and Dams§Tensas-Cocodrie Pump Station

§Boeuf-Tensas Rivers§Boeuf River at Ft. Necessity and Alto§Tensas River at Tendal and Clayton

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Data Type and Availability

§ Stage§ Rain§ Discharge§ Data available:www.rivergages.comwww.water.usace.army.mil/

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Things to Consider§ Network Reliability§ Gage Design § Stream Condition § Equipment Reliability § Funding § Maintenance§ Location § Vandalism

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Questions / Discussion

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Improving Flood Monitoring for Resil ient Communit ies:

A Case Study from Acadiana

GAUGE WORKSHOPPresented by: EMAD HABIB, PHD, PE

University of Louisiana at Lafayettehabib@louisiana.edu

10/18/2018

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Motivation

We need a watershed-widemonitoring system that can support local communities for flood preparedness, responseand planning?

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Source: http://lulab.be.washington.edu/

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DESIGN OF A FLOOD MONITORING SYSTEM FOR ACADIANA

WHAT?• Rainfall; Water Level (Stage); Flow Rate (Discharge)

WHY?• Real-Time Warning and Forecasting Systems• Model Calibration and Validation• Boundary conditions for models• Current and Future Project Operation

HOW?• Modern Sensor Technologies

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Current Situation

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Current Situation: Adequate density & coverage?

Depends on the purpose• Will models provide predictions at

scale of main rivers and major tributaries? Or,

• Will models predict at major-to-minor tributaries

• Should we focus more on urban areas?

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Should we focus on Urban Areas?

Most important for real-time flood warnings

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Network Design: Iterative, Stakeholder-Driven Approach

1. Develop an initial design2. Collect feedback from

stakeholders3. Develop a revised design4. Deploy gauges5. Develop data analytics

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Design Criteria

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Design Criteria

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(Hydrology Criteria) x (Population Criteria)

HydrologyCriterion

1 2 3

Popu

latio

n C

riter

ion 1 1 2 3

2 2 4 6

3 3 6 9

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ResultsWeb Interface:http://nexus.hydroviz.org/Lessons/Index/LA/AcadianaMonitoring

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Rain gauges

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Existing Daily rain gauges from NOAA/NCDC

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Rain gauges

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Existing hourly rain gauges from NOAA/NCDC

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Radar-rainfall products: spatial variability

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Radar-rainfall products: spatial variability

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Pilot Sensor Testing

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Testing New Sensor Technologies:Flow & Stage

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Acoustic Doppler

Ultrasonic

Radar

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Rain Gauges

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Sample Results

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Sample Results

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Network Design: Iterative, Stakeholder-Driven Approach

1. Develop an initial design2. Collect feedback from

stakeholders3. Develop a revised design4. Deploy gauges5. Develop data analytics

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Modeling in Support of Planning

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A Regional-Scale Model for Mermentau, Teche and Vermillion Watersheds

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Why?

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Overall Purpose of the Model: • To support development of a Watershed Management Plan for Acadiana

Specific Objectives of the Model:• Screening and prioritization of proposed flood mitigation projects• Floodplain delineation under current and future conditions• Cost-benefit analysis of proposed mitigation projects• Producing demonstration case-studies for different project types (e.g., regional

detention; river dredging; combined)

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Watershed-Scale, with community-resolutions

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A model for Mermentau Basin, extending from headwaters to the outlets of Lower Mermentau Basin

Mermentau BasinNHDPLUSTotal Stream lengths =8629.08 miles

Vermillion/Teche BasinNHDPLUSTotal Stream lengths =13226.95 miles

A model for Teche-Vermilion Basin, extending from headwaters to Vermillion Bay

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How: A multi-dimensional, multi-scale approach

• A region model that connects the main river with major tributaries

• Standalone models for smaller tributaries that interoperate with the regional model

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W O R K I N G T O G E T H E R F O R S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y A N D R E S I L I E N C E

Other desirable attributes of the model

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• Make use of previously developed models (e.g., FEMA)• Adoptable and usable by practitioners• Should handle design-type storms, as well as actual historical storms• Designed to perform unsteady simulations• Account for existing hydraulic structures along streams• Digest and produce spatially distributed inputs/outputs

W O R K I N G T O G E T H E R F O R S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y A N D R E S I L I E N C E

THANK YOUwatershed@la.gov

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