revision first term

NIVEL INTERMEDIO

REVISION FIRST TERM

SUMMARY

VERB TENSES:PRESENT TENSES:Present simplePresent continuous

PAST TENSES:Past simple-Past continuousPresent perfectPresent perfect continuous

FUTURE TENSES:Be going to + infinitivePresent continuousWill + infinitive

COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

A, AN, THE or NO ARTICLE

VOCABULARY:- Food and cooking- Personality- Money- Transport- Phrasal verbs

PRESENT TENSES

PRESENT SIMPLE Form: + I am happy / He is happy / They are happy I play football / He plays football - I am not happy / He is not happy / They are not happy I don’t play football / He doesn’t play football ? Am I happy? / Is he happy? / Are they happy? Do you play football? / Does he play football? Use:- Habits, routine. e.g.Maria smokes- Permanent actions. e.g. Pedro lives in Seville- Eternal truths. e.g. The earth is round

PRESENT TENSES

PRESENT CONTINUOUS * Use it with action verbs

Form: + I am playing football / He is playing football / They

are playing fooball - I am not playing football / He is not playing

football / They are not playing football ? Am I playing football? / Is he playing football? / Are

they playing football? Use:- Actions in progress at the moment of speaking in the

present.- Temporary things that are happening now

PAST TENSES

PAST SIMPLE Form: + I was happy / He was happy / They were happy I played football - I was not happy / He was not happy / They were not

happy I did not play football ? Was I happy? / Was he happy? / Were they happy? Did you play football? Use:Past finished actions

PAST TENSES

PAST CONTINUOUS * Use it with action verbs

Form: + I was playing / He was playing / They were

playing - I was not playing/ He was not playing / They

were not playing ? Was I playing? / Was he playing? / Were they

playing? Use:Actions in progress at a specific moment in the

past

PAST TENSES

PRESENT PERFECT Form:

+ I have cleaned/ He has cleaned

- I haven’t cleaned/ He hasn’t cleaned

? Have you cleaned? / Has he cleaned?

Use:

- To talk about recent actions (to give news), not saying exactly when things happened. e.g.: My sister has had a baby! / Someone has stolen my bike.

- To refer to events which have taken place in our life up to now, but the time when they exactly happened is not mentioned. e.g.: I have been to China

- To refer to actions or situations that started in the past and are still true.

e.g.: I have lived in Málaga for 10 years.

* Sometimes, those events are repeated, non-permanent actions, that have taken place in our lives (and we are alive) or during a period of time that hasn’t finished yet and can happen again. e.g.: Ziggy Marley has won three Grammy awards.

PAST TENSES

We use the following adverbials and prepositions with the PRESENT PERFECT:

- just (to say something happened very recently) and already (to say something happened earlier than expected) go before the main verb in positive sentences.

e.g.: I have just finished my homework / I have already phoned Sarah

- yet (to ask if something has happened or say it hasn’t happened up to now) goes at the end in negative sentences and in questions.

e.g.: Have you done your homework yet? / I haven’t met Paul’s girlfriend yet.

- ever (at any time of your life) goes before the main verb in questions.

e.g.: Have you ever broken a bone?

- for + a period of time and since + a point of time (to talk about the length of time.

e.g.: I have lived in Spain for 7 years / They have known each other since 1999.

PAST TENSES

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOS Form:

+ I have been cleaning/ He has been cleaning

- I haven’t been cleaning/ He hasn’t been cleaning

? Have you been cleaning? / Has he been cleaning?

Use:- To talk about continuous or repeated actions that have been happening

very recently (the actions have usually just finished and you can see their effect).

e.g.: What have you been doing? I’ve been playing tennis.- - To refer to actions or situations that started in the past and have

continued up to now. It’s often used with “for” and “since”.

e.g.: The children have been playing computer games for two hours.

* Sometimes, those events are repeated, non-permanent actions, that have taken place in our lives (and we are alive) or during a period of time that hasn’t finished yet and can happen again. e.g.: I have been going to that gym for 10 years.

FUTURE TENSES

BE GOING TO + INFINITIVE Form: + I am going to play / He is going to play/ They are

going to play - I am not going to play / He is not going to play/ They

are not going to play ? Am I going to play? / Is he going to play? / Are they

going to play?Use:Future plans. e. g. I’m going to travel to Paris next yearPredictions when there is evidence. e.g. Look! It’s very

cloudy! It’s going to rain

FUTURE TENSES

PRESENT CONTINUOUS Form: + I am playing football / He is playing football /

They are playing fooball - I am not playing football / He is not playing

football / They are not playing football ? Am I playing football? / Is he playing football? /

Are they playing football? Use:Arrangements. e.g. I’m seeing The hobbit next

Friday, I bought the tickets this morning

FUTURE TENSES

WILL+ INFINITIVE Form: + I will play - I will not/won’t play ? Will you play?Use:- Future predictions when there isn’t evidence (it’s just an

opinion). e.g. I think it will not rain on your wedding day, it would be very bad luck.

- Promises, offers and decisions. e.g.: I’ll always love you / Those bags are very heavy, I’ll help you. / I’ll have a tea.

- * Use “shall” for offers and suggestions, when they are questions in the 1st person.

COMPARATIVES

SUPERIORITYAdjectives- Short adjectives (1 syllable): -er

thane.g. He is shorter than you* 1 syllable adjectives ending in –ed

usually make the comparative with more than.

e.g. more tired than- Two-syllable adjectives ending in –

y: y – i + -er thane.g. You are prettier than her- Long adjectives (2 syllables or

more): more thane.g. Your sofa is more comfortable than

mineAdverbs -ly adverbs: more thane.g. Please, drive more slowly

- Short adverbs (1 syllable): -er thane.g. He drives faster than you- Long adverbs (2 syllables or more):

more thane.g. He walks more carefully than

before

*Irregular adjectives and adverbs

INFERIORITY- Less than e.g. Peter is less talkative

than me- Not as … as e.g. Paul is not as tall as

Sean

EQUALITY- As …as e.g. My book is as big as

yours- The same+noun as e.g. the same

distance as

SUPERLATIVES

SUPERIORITYAdjectives- Short adjectives (1 syllable): the -este.g. He the shortest in his class* 1 syllable adjectives ending in –ed

usually make the comparative with the most.

e.g. The most tired- Two-syllable adjectives ending in –

y: y – i + -est e.g. You are the prettiest girl I’ve ever

met- Long adjectives (2 syllables or

more): the moste.g. Your sofa is the most comfortable

of all

Adverbs -ly adverbs: the moste.g. He drives the most slowly- Short adverbs (1 syllable): the -este.g. He drives the fastest- Long adverbs (2 syllables or more):

the moste.g. He walks the most carefully

*Irregular adjectives and adverbs

INFERIORITYThe leaste.g. Peter is the least talkative in the

class

A, AN, THE or NO ARTICLE

DEFINITE ARTICLEWith definite nouns: the - To talk about something we have

already mentioned- When it’s clear what you are referring

to- When there’s only one of something- With places in a town- With superlatives

INDEFINITE ARTICLE

With indefinite, singular, nouns:

1. with words starting with a vowel sound: an

2. with words starting with a consonant sound: a

- When you talk about something indefinite

- When you say what something is or

what somebody does

- In exclamations with “What…!”

- In expressions of frequency

NO ARTICLE

With indefinite, plural nouns and uncountable nouns: nothing

- When we are generalizing- With some nouns after the prepositions

at, to and from- Before meals, days and months- Before next, last + day, week, month,…

VOCABULARY: FOOD AND COOKING (Vocabulary bank, p. 152)

VOCABULARY:PERSONALITY(Vocabulary bank p. 153)

What’s the opposite?

GenerousMeanInsecureSelf-confidentReliableUnreliableShyOutgoingLazyHardworking

CleverStupidTalkativeQuietResponsibleIrresponsibleSociable UnsociableTidyUntidy

SelfishUnselfishKindUnkindHonestDishonestMatureImmatureOrganizedDisorganized

charming

aggressive

spoilt

moody

jealous

bossy

vain

bad-tempered

What are they like?

VOCABULARY: MONEY(Vocabulary bank p.154)

Those earrings can’t be __________ $2,000, they look like plastic!worthHow much do you __________ every month at work.earnIs it OK to __________credit card?pay byI used to have a piggy bank when I was young. That’s how I learnt to_______ money.saveHow much did the dentist __________ you?chargeOur telephone __________ was very high last monthbillIf you open an __________ with this bank , you can get a microwave.accountDo you have any change for the supermarket trolley? I only have a $10_________noteI ____________ a beautiful house in the country when my uncle Paul died.inherited

VOCABULARY: TRANSPORT(Vocabulary bank p. 155)

VOCABULARY: PHRASAL VERBS

EAT OUT

CUT DOWN ON

CUT OUT

TAKE OUT

PAY BACK

LIVE OFF

LIVE ONPICK UP

RUN OUT OF

VOCABULARY

sit down

stand up

turn on

turn off

wake up

look

for

put away

throw away

pick up