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8/2/2019 Reversing the Vicious Circle in North Africa’s Political Economy: Confronting Rural, Urban, and Youth-Related Challe…
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Mediterranean PaPer SerieS 2012
reverSing the viciouS circle in north africa’S
Political econoMy
confronting rural, urban, and youth-related challengeS
M cs P
h a
gë g
J-ys Mss
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© 2012 Te German Marshall Fund o the United States. All rights reserved.
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rom the German Marshall Fund o the United States (GMF). Please direct inquiries to:
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copies are also available. o request a copy, send an e-mail to ino@gmus.org.
gMf Pp Ss
Te GMF Paper Series presents research on a variety o transatlantic topics by sta, ellows, and partners o the German
Marshall Fund o the United States. Te views expressed here are those o the author and do not necessarily represent the
views o GMF. Comments rom readers are welcome; reply to the mailing address above or by e-mail to ino@gmus.org.
a gMf
Te German Marshall Fund o the United States (GMF) is a non-partisan American public policy and grantmaking institu-
tion dedicated to promoting better understanding and cooperation between North America and Europe on transatlantic
and global issues. GMF does this by supporting individuals and institutions working in the transatlantic sphere, by conven-
ing leaders and members o the policy and business communities, by contributing research and analysis on transatlan-
tic topics, and by providing exchange opportunities to oster renewed commitment to the transatlantic relationship. In
addition, GMF supports a number o initiatives to strengthen democracies. Founded in 1972 through a gi rom Germany
as a permanent memorial to Marshall Plan assistance, GMF maintains a strong presence on both sides o the Atlantic. In
addition to its headquarters in Washington, DC, GMF has seven oces in Europe: Berlin, Paris, Brussels, Belgrade, Ankara,
Bucharest, and Warsaw. GMF also has smaller representations in Bratislava, urin, and Stockholm.
a M P Pm
Te Mediterranean Policy Program promotes transatlantic analysis and dialogue on issues aecting Southern Europe, North
Arica, the Levant, and the Mediterranean basin. Priority areas include: understanding trends in Mediterranean societies;
exploring opportunities or south-south cooperation and integration; research on key unctional issues aecting Mediter-ranean security and development; and strengthening the North American policy debate on the region and transatlantic
cooperation on Mediterranean strategy.
a is a iz
Te Istituto Aari Internazionali (IAI), ounded by Altiero Spinelli in 1965, does research in the felds o oreign policy,
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research studies, conerences, and publications. o that end, it cooperates with other research institutes, universities, and
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research papers (Quaderni IAI) and an Italian oreign policy yearbook (La Politica Estera dell’Italia).
Cover photo: A local armer and his son sell tomatoes to customers o the back o his truck throughout the villages o theDakhla Oasis, Egypt.
© Jason Larkin/arabianEye/Corbis
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Reversing the Vicious Circle in North Africa’sPolitical Economy
Confronting Rural, Urban, and Youth-Related Challenges
Mediterranean Paper Series
may 2012
M C P, H A, Gë G,3 J-Y M4
R, I A I (IAI), R.
G, Ué P 8 (S-D), A U C.
3 A P, Ué P Pé S.
4 S R F, I R Dé, P.
F
M C P
A P N A C: T, E, M. B
F D S M
H A 1
T A S U G C N A C
G G J-Y M 13
Y E N A C: C C
M C P 23
P I F T P
M C P 39
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Reversing the vicious circle in North Africa’s political economy iii
Foreword Maria Cristina Paciello
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Reversing the vicious circle in North Africa’s political economy v
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Reversing the vicious circle in North Africa’s political economy 1
Agricultural Policies in Tunisia, Egypt,and Morocco: Between Food Dependencyand Social Marginalization*Habib Ayeb
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Reversing the vicious circle in North Africa’s political economy 13
2The Arab Spring and Urban GovernanceChallenges in North African Countries*Gaëlle Gillot and Jean-Yves Moisseron
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Reversing the vicious circle in North Africa’s political economy 15
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Reversing the vicious circle in North Africa’s political economy 17
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Reversing the vicious circle in North Africa’s political economy 19
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Reversing the vicious circle in North Africa’s political economy 21
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Reversing the vicious circle in North Africa’s political economy 23
3Youth Exclusion in North African Countries:Continuity or Change?
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Reversing the vicious circle in North Africa’s political economy 29
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The German Marshall Fund of the United States30
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Reversing the vicious circle in North Africa’s political economy 31
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The German Marshall Fund of the United States32
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Reversing the vicious circle in North Africa’s political economy 33
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The German Marshall Fund of the United States34
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Reversing the vicious circle in North Africa’s political economy 35
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The German Marshall Fund of the United States36
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