reuse and semantic interoperability multiple working groups shouldn't redefine-basic concepts...
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Reuse and Semantic Interoperability
• Multiple working groups shouldn't redefine-basic concepts– Undermines semantic interoperability across domains and
systems– Varying quality of individual models– Limits downstream extensibility
• Ontology-based formalizations offer more rigor– Typically leverage work of broader community of interests– Designed for reuse and extensibility– Generally reflect more thorough, higher-quality modeling– Reuse of Upper and Mid-level ontologies improves semantic
alignment of Domain-Level ontologies and resulting implementations
Examples of Time Formalization
• HL-7*– Time taxonomy fragment– TimingEvent model
• WordNet– Time (Verb)– Time (Noun)
• SUMO– Process Examples
*See Patrick Cassidy notes: http://ontolog.cim3.net/forum/health-ont/2005-02/msg00011.html
HL-7 Timing Event ModelType Concept ID Mnemonic Description
L: (AC) 10708 AC Before meal (from lat.ante cibus)
L: (ACD) 10712 ACD Before lunch (from lat.ante cibus diurnus)
L: (ACM) 10711 ACM Before breakfast (from lat. Ante cibus matutinus)
L: (ACV) 10713 ACV Before dinner (from lat. Ante cibus vespertinus)
L: (HS) 10707 HS The hour of sleep (e.b., H18-22)
L: (IC) 10710 IC Between meals (from lat. Inter cibus)
L: (ICD) 10718 ICD Between lunch and dinner
L: (ICM) 10717 ICM Between breakfast and lunch
L: (ICV) 10719 ICV Between dinner and the hour or sleep
L: (PC) 10709 PC After meal (from lat. post cibus)
L: (PCD) 10715 PCD After lunch (from lat. post cibus diurnus)
L: (PCM) 10714 PCM After breakfast (from lat. post cibus matutinus)
L: (PCV) 10716 PCV After dinner (from lat. Post cibus vespertinus)
Time Representation in HL7
The following was selected from the HL-7 taxonomy:• DataTypeDataValue• DataTypeInterval
– DataTypeIntervalOfPhysicalQuantities – DataTypeIntervalOfPointsInTime
• DataTypeEventRelatedInterval• DataTypeGeneralTimingSpecification• DataTypePeriodicIntervalOfTime
• DataTypeQuantity– DataTypePhysicalQuantity
• DataTypeParametricProbabilityDistributionOfPhysicalQuantities
– DataTypePointInTime
WordNet “Time” (Verb)
1. S: (v) clock, time (measure the time or duration of an event or action or the person who performs an action in a certain period of time) "he clocked the runners"
2. S: (v) time (assign a time for an activity or event) "The candidate carefully timed his appearance at the disaster scene"
3. S: (v) time (set the speed, duration, or execution of) "we time the process to manufacture our cars very precisely"
4. S: (v) time (regulate or set the time of) "time the clock"
5. S: (v) time (adjust so that a force is applied and an action occurs at the desired time) "The good player times his swing so as to hit the ball squarely“
From http://wordnet.princeton.edu/
WordNet “Time” (Noun)1. S: (n) time, clip (an instance or single occasion for some event) "this time he succeeded"; "he
called four times"; "he could do ten at a clip"
2. S: (n) time (an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)) "he waited a long time"; "the time of year for planting"; "he was a great actor is his time"
3. S: (n) time (a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something) "take time to smell the roses"; "I didn't have time to finish"; "it took more than half my time"
4. S: (n) time (a suitable moment) "it is time to go"
5. S: (n) time (the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past)
6. S: (n) clock time, time (the time as given by a clock) "do you know what time it is?"; "the time is 10 o'clock"
7. S: (n) fourth dimension, time (the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event)
8. S: (n) time (a person's experience on a particular occasion) "he had a time holding back the tears"; "they had a good time together"
9. S: (n) meter, metre, time (rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration)
10. S: (n) prison term, sentence, time (the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned) "he served a prison term of 15 months"; "his sentence was 5 to 10 years"; "he is doing time in the county jail"
Time Representation in SUMO
WordNet N1 maps to SUMO “Process”
• Appearance as argument number 1– documentation Process "Intuitively, the class of things that happen and
have temporal parts or stages. Examples include extended events like a football match or a race, actions like Pursuing and Reading, and biological processes. The formal definition is: anything that lasts for a time but is not an Object. Note that a Process may have participants 'inside' it which are Objects, such as the players in a football match. In a 4D ontology, a Process is something whose spatiotemporal extent is thought of as dividing into temporal stages roughly perpendicular to the time-axis.“
– subclass Process Physical
From http://sigma2.cim3.net:8080/sigma/Browse.jsp?term=Process&kb=SUMO
SUMO “Process” Examples
• Appearance as argument number 2 (1 of 5)– subclass DualObjectProcess Process
• dual object process is a subclass of process
• Appearance as argument number 3 (1 of 27)– domain agent 1 Process
• the number 1 argument of agent is an instance of process
SUMO “Process” Examples
• Antecedent (1 of 4)(=>
(and
(instance ?PROC Process)
(subProcess ?SUBPROC ?PROC))
(exists (?TIME)
(time ?SUBPROC ?TIME)))– if ?PROC is an instance of process and ?SUBPROC is a
subprocess of ?PROC, then there exists ?TIME so that ?SUBPROC exists during ?TIME
Questions to consider
• Ontolog group’s focus on interoperability needs
of NHIN & FHA architects, – How should ontologies enable the interoperability of
patient health records? – How should existing and prospective health domain
ontologies and taxonomies be aligned with upper ontologies to improve the accuracy of conceptual information transfer ?
– Especially among systems using different domain knowledge representations.
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