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Reservoir Management: Fundamentals
and Applications in Mature Oilfields
MSc. Victor A. Huerta Quiñones
PETROPERU S.A / UNI / SPE
OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Background
• Mature Field Redevelopment
• SWOT Assessment
• Technology Innovation: Inflow Control Devices (ICDs)
• Field Cases
• Conclusions
Introduction
• Mature fields in Talara and Marañón Basins offers opportunities for production optimization.
• Most of the fields in Talara Basin are very depleted with less than 30% of the original reservoir pressure.
• Talara fields are good candidates for selective secondary recovery and new approaches in hydraulic fracturing.
• Most of the oilfields in Marañón Basin have an active aquifer; delaying water encroachment is a key issue to improve recovery in heavy oilfields.
• Technology advances in well completion address both water management and productivity improvement objectives.
• The more accurate technology screening, the better field performance.
Background: What is Reservoir Management?
Field Optimization is a process by which the right technology matches with the
reservoir description
Depositional
Environment Phase
Behavior
Drive
Mechanism
Field
Optimization
Innovation &
Technology
Petrophysics
Field Optimization in Mature Oilfields
Type of Oil Density (gr/cc) API Primary (% of oil in situ)
Extra Heavy > 1.0 8 – 10 1 - 5
Heavy 1.0 – 0.92 10.0 – 22.3 1 - 10
Medium 0.92 – 0.87 22.3 – 31.1 5 – 30
Light 0.87 – 0.83 31.1 - 39 10 - 40
Superlight < 0.83 > 39 10 - 45
Subandean Basin
Subandean Basin
Mature Field Redevelopment: Field Performance
Well Engineering
Reservoir Engineering
13001
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13172D-ST
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Date:01/03/2035
EUR (MMBbls)
10.00 255.00 500.00
Ubic. PND
Ubic. Prob.
Ubic. Pos.
Multilateral Drilling
EOR
Infill Drilling
Smart Wells & Real Time Monitoring
Total System Analysis
Mature Field Redevelopment: Elements
Horizontal wells allows delaying water encroachment while increasing oil production and
recovery
Mature Field Redevelopment: Why Horizontal Wells??
SWOT Assessment for Mature Oilfields in Peru
Strengths • The asset: Proved reserves, infrastructure
and surface facilities. • Experienced engineers and technicians with
local knowledge. • Current transportation, processing and
marketing contracts. • Mostly still under primary recovery. • Exploratory potential in deeper reservoirs
and unexplored leads.
Weaknesses • Mostly depleted fields or areas with high
water cuts. • Old facilities and infrastructure. • Limited data and lack of data management. • Improper ratio of engineers to the number of
fields. • Commingled production
Opportunities • Rejuvenation/Revitalizing. • Developing gas business. • Acquisition of new data and improved data
management. • Applying EOR processes and new technology. • Fostering Innovation and R&D. • Implementing production optimization
techniques • Exploring “upside potential”
Threats • New investment. • Low crude oil prices. • Very sensitive environmental and social issues • Inappropriate high royalties (the highest ones
for south America) • Lack of a clear government policy for
hydrocarbons sector.
Strengths Existing Facilities & Cumulative Production
Weaknesses
High Water Cuts due to Coning
Opportunities IOR
Threats Crude Oil Volatility -20.00%
-15.00%
-10.00%
-5.00%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
28/10/1995 24/07/1998 19/04/2001 14/01/2004 10/10/2006 06/07/2009 01/04/2012 27/12/2014 22/09/2017
WTI
13.5%:
PrimaryRecovery
3.4%:
Infill Drilling
5.4%:
Waterflooding
0
10
20
30
40
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
01/1
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No
. de
Po
zos
Pro
du
cció
n (
bo
d)
Historia de Producción - Lote 1AB
Pozos de Desarrollo Pozos Exploratorios Oil Rate (Cal. Day) bbl/d
26 Pozos Exploratorios213 Pozos de Desarrollo
723 MMBbls
Tasa de Declinación: 5.18%Tasa de
Declinación: 8.58%
0.01
0.10
1.00
10.00
100.00
1000.00
10000.00
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1000000
10000000
01/1
975
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01/1
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Cum
mul
ativ
e O
il Pr
oduc
tion
(MM
bbl)
Oil
Rat
e (b
bl/d
) and
Wat
er R
ate
(bbl
/d)
Oil Rate "A" & "B" (bbl/d) Water Rate (bbl/d) Cummulative Oil Production (MMbbl)
SWOT Assessment for Mature Oilfields in Peru
Inflow Control Devices (ICDs)
Slotted/pre-drilled liner
Standalone Screens
ICD AICD
ICDs and AICDs balance inflow which delays water/gas breakthrough
Inflow Control Devices (ICDs)
• Obtain a uniform inflow profile along the well, restricting the flow in areas of high
mobility.
• Simultaneously stimulate production areas of low to moderate productivity by
slowing water breakthrough.
• Adjust dynamic pressure profile along the entire section of the well (by controlling
pressure drop).
ICD/ Multinode
Analytical Model
Laboratory Tests
– Geometry
– Fluids Properties
2qbqadP fp
g
dm
P4
L
Q, P1
wc
h
FLOW PATH
CROSS-SECTION
HELICAL FLOW PATH
KoutK
in
Pressure
taps
P2
P3
Regression AnalysisRegression Analysis
Can vary the number, width, and length of channels to
achieve the desired pressure drop
Analytical Model
Laboratory Tests
– Geometry
– Fluids Properties
2qbqadP fp
g
dm
P4
L
Q, P1
wc
h
FLOW PATH
CROSS-SECTION
HELICAL FLOW PATH
KoutK
in
Pressure
taps
P2
P3
Regression AnalysisRegression Analysis
Can vary the number, width, and length of channels to
achieve the desired pressure drop
Inflow Control Devices (ICD) Flow Path
Horizontal Well Completion Heel Conning
Oil Bypassed Fluid Equalizer Technology
Inflow Control Devices (ICD) Horizontal Well Productive Performance
Field Cases – Subandean Basin
Open Hole Log and Layer Selection
Reservoir Model
• Case: Isolating Heel and Comparing Screen 5 ½” Vs Equalizer 3 ½”
Field Cases – Subandean Basin
Field Cases – Subandean Basin
G Field
G main features
• Production since 1996
• Mature heavy oil – 16.6°API,
60cP
• High permeability sandstone
• Very active aquifer support
• Expected high water cuts >90%
• Delicate environment –
Amazonic jungle
• Produced water is treated then
re-injected
Field Cases – Subandean Basin
4 zonal isolation packers
creating 5 zones
ZoneQuantity of AICD Joints
1 3
2 4
3 4
4 5
5 4
Completion Design
Field Cases – Subandean Basin
Days on Production
Water
Cut %
Neighbor SAS
AICD Completion
Reduced
Water Cut
0 40 80 120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Swellable
packers
activate
1800
1500
1200
900
600
300
0
0 40 80 120
Days on Production
Oil
Flow
BBD
Neighbor SAS
Completion
AICD Completion
Increased
Oil Flow
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
71
81
91
10
1
11
1
12
1
13
1
14
1
15
1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
28
1
29
1
30
1
BOPD
Base Case (Real) Case 1 Case 2
AICD Completion
SAS Case 1
SAS Case 2
Caso ICD Stand Alone Screen (SAS 2)
Incremento
Reducción Petróleo (MBbl) 156 135 21 Agua (Mbbl) 862 1310 -448 Corte de Agua (%) 84.68 90.65 -6.48
Field Cases – Subandean Basin
YA Field
main features
Formación Vivian
Tope 10500 pies Base 10700 pies
Presión del reservorio: 4200 psia Temperatura: 244° F
Porosidad 15-22 % Permeabilidad horizontal Kh 200-1500 mD
Anisotropía Kv/Kh 0.15
Gravedad API: 19°
Factor de Volumen de Formación:
1.05 bl/stb @ pb
Viscosidad del petróleo: 7 cp
Gravedad del Gas: 0.7 s.grav.
Gravedad del agua: 1.01 s.grav.
GOR: 124scf/STB @ Pb=883 psi
Field Cases – Subandean Basin
Completion Design
Capa Tope Espesor Porosidad Permeabilidad
1 10656.038 5.6 18 1250
2 10661.638 5.2 18 1250
3 10666.838 3.6 15 500
4 10670.438 5.2 21 1500
5 10675.638 3.6 16 500
6 10679.238 5.9 19 1200
7 10685.138 6.9 19 1500
8 10692.038 4.6 12 1200
9 10696.638 4.6 18 1300
10 10701.238 3.9 15 500
11 10705.138 12.1 18 1200
12 10717.238 4.3 10 200
13 10721.538 19.7 18 1500
Segmento Descripción Tamaño Tipo
1 10 packer
2 14 junta 6.4 FRR 560 Ecualizador
3 10 packer
4 6 junta 6.4 FRR 240 Ecualizador
5 10 packer
6 7 junta 6.4 FRR 280 Ecualizador
7 10 packer
8 4junta 6.4 FRR 160 Ecualizador
9 10 packer
10 2 junta 6.4 FRR 80 Ecualizador
11 10 packer
12 11 junta 3.2 FRR 440 Ecualizador
13 20 packer
Field Cases – Subandean Basin
Caso ICD Convencional Incremento
Reducción Petróleo (MMBbl) 1.441 1.306 0.135 Agua (MMbbl) 2.136 2.513 -0.377 Corte de Agua (%) 83.8 84.6 -0.8
Conclusions
Redevelopment of Peruvian mature fields would require an implementation of reservoir
management approach.
Innovation strategies and dissemination of new technology can be broadly group into
production optimization and improved oil recovery.
Coupling reservoir and completion modeling is critical during technology screening and design.
Flow pattern is not homogeneous along the entire borehole of a horizontal well; without
selective completion, eventually, flow will be restrictive to the “heel” section.
ICD’s delay water/gas breakthrough, increasing ultimate recovery factor and NPV.
Successful applications of ICDs in Colombia and Ecuador proved 10% to 30% increase in
cumulative oil production, and 10% to 50% decrease in water production.
Preliminary numerical simulation studies for mature heavy oilfields in Peru shows 10% increase
in cumulative oil production and 15% decrease in water production during the first two years.
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
THANKS
QUESTIONS?
Edgewater Drive Bottomwater Drive
Conning Well Production with Water Coning
1998 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
100
101
102
103
104
105
Date
CORR-1002D
Oil Rate (Cal.Day) ( bbl/d )
Water Rate (Cal. Day) ( bbl/d )
Oil Cut ( % )
Cumulative Oil Production ( Mbbl )
PRD.DAYS ( days )
Liquid Rate (Cal. Day) ( bbl/d )
CORR-1002D
Field Performance in Heavy Oilfields Water Drive Mechanisms
Inflow Control Devices (ICD)
Helical Type: Large flow area, low velocity,
viscosity sensitive
Tube Type: Small flow area, high velocity,
viscosity sensitive
Labyrinth Type: Small flow area, low
velocity, viscosity sensitive
Nozzle/Orifice Type: Small flow area, high
velocity, viscosity insensitive
Hybrid Type: Very Large flow area, low
velocity, highly viscosity insensitive
Screen or
Debris
Barrier
Passive Inflow Control Device (PICD): Fluid flow is regulated
by the additional pressure drop through the ICD
Helical Type: Large flow area, low velocity,
viscosity sensitive
Tube Type: Small flow area, high velocity,
viscosity sensitive
Labyrinth Type: Small flow area, low
velocity, viscosity sensitive
Nozzle/Orifice Type: Small flow area, high
velocity, viscosity insensitive
Hybrid Type: Very Large flow area, low
velocity, highly viscosity insensitive
Screen or
Debris
Barrier
Passive Inflow Control Device (PICD): Fluid flow is regulated
by the additional pressure drop through the ICD
History Matching and Forecast Oil & Water Production
Field Cases – Subandean Basin
Scenario
• Case 1: Screen vs Equalizers results under original completion
There is little benefit in production performance if equalizers are
not used with swelling packers that provides zones isolation.
Field Cases – Subandean Basin
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