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Representation of women and men in
senior corporate management
Marjut Pietiläinen
Gender Statistics Work Session 2 June 2016
Presentation
- Presents the extensive statistical report examining the
representation of women and men in senior corporate
management, published in 2015
– Background of the project
– How the project was done
– Some results
– Benefits
- What after the project
- Developing leadership statistics from now on
2 June 2016 Marjut Pietiläinen 2
The report
- Part of the Gender Equality in Top Management – Changing
Practices in Economic Decision Making (TASURI) project carried
out by the Gender Equality Unit at the Ministry of Social Affairs
and Health
- Examines the senior management of various company types and
lays the foundation for a chronological comparison of the data.
– Includes listed companies, unlisted companies and state-
owned companies
- Produced new information on:
– Unlisted companies
– The representation of women and men in the senior and
middle management of businesses examined according to
underlying variables
2 June 2016 Marjut Pietiläinen 3
What for?
- To provide decision-makers and other key stakeholders with
compiled statistics to support the decision-making process
- To increase the knowledge of the stakeholders of central
development targets related to gender equality in senior
corporate management
- To provide reliable information on gender equality to the large
public, citizens and the media
- To support the implementation of the Government Action Plan for
Gender Equality 2012–2015
- The project was co-funded by the European Union’s Progress
programme
- To strengthen the collaboration between key stakeholders
2 June 2016 Marjut Pietiläinen 4
Government’s Action Plan for Gender
Equality
- Action Plan for Gender Equality 2012˗2015
– Recommended measures for promoting women’s career
development and for a more equal gender representation in
the decision-making bodies of the public and private sector
- Action Plan for Gender Equality 2016˗2019
– Includes a mention on establishing leadership statistics on
gender
2 June 2016 Marjut Pietiläinen 5
Management of the project
- Report was carried out/written in Statistics Finland by Pietiläinen,
Keski-Petäjä and Katainen
- The steering group of the project:
– Ministry of Finance
– Ministry of Social Affairs and Health
– Ministry of Employment and the Economy
– Confederation of Finnish Industries EK
– Prime Minister’s Office
– Central Chamber of Commerce
– Statistics Finland
- Steering group meetings
- 2 conferences
2 June 2016 Marjut Pietiläinen 6
The research questions
1. Which are the percentages of
women and men in senior
corporate management by
business type?
2. Are female managers focused on
certain industries and on
performing certain tasks?
3. Does the sex ratio of senior
management reflect that of all
managers (senior management
and middle management) when
examined according to
underlying variables?
4. Is there any difference in the
quantity of board’s membership
between women and men?
5. Is the female or male majority in
the company personnel reflected
in the sex ratio of the senior
management?
6. What is the age difference and
the age distribution of the women
and men performing managerial
duties?
7. What kinds of differences are
there in the field of education and
level of education between the
women and men in managerial
roles?
2 June 2016 Marjut Pietiläinen 7
Research data 1/2
- Consisted primarily of the data of Statistics Finland and Suomen
Asiakastieto Oy
- Information on company websites
- The Finnish listed companies on the main list of Nasdaq OMX
Nordic Helsinki in December were selected for the report
- Based on their turnover, the largest unlisted companies were
selected from Statistics Finland’s Business Register
- The names of state-owned companies were collected from the
annual reports produced by the Prime Minister’s Office for the
compilation of the data
- The data on the chairs of boards, board members and CEOs,
associated with their personal ID numbers, were acquired from
Suomen Asiakastieto Oy
2 June 2016 Marjut Pietiläinen 8
Research data 2/2
- The membership data of steering groups were directly collected
from the companies examined
- In addition to the senior management of businesses, the report
also examines their middle management. The data of all
management were gathered from the Executives category of
Statistics Finland’s employment statistics
– This category includes individuals in both senior management
and middle management
- Statistics Finland’s register-based statistics were used as
background data for the report
- The background information on businesses and business groups
is based on Statistics Finland’s Business Register
- The research periods selected included 2007, 2012 and 2013,
which allows chronological developments to be examined
2 June 2016 Marjut Pietiläinen 9
Number of companies in the data
2007 2008 2013 2015
Listed
companies
117 122 121 126
Unlisted
companies
91 92 135 150
State-owned
companies
41 57 58 62
2 June 2016 Marjut Pietiläinen 10
Challenges
- Comparability of the data
- Which companies should be taken into account and why
- Data sources
- Differences in timelines when combining data with register data
- Terms of use and schedule limitations
- Also required also some manual work
2 June 2016 Marjut Pietiläinen 11
Women on the board of directors of listed companies
according to the company’s market value in 2007,
2012, 2013 and 2015 (%)
12
19
8 7
21
27
22
16
23
29
24
17
23
28
24
18
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Total Large listed companies Medium-sized companies Small companies
%
2007 2012 2013 2015
2 June 2016 Marjut Pietiläinen 12
Women on the board of directors of state-owned
companies according to the state ownership
percentage in 2007, 2012, 2013 and 2015 (%)
2 June 2016 Marjut Pietiläinen 13
31
39
36
19
35
25
39
48
35
29
43
28
39
48
35 33
43
31
38
45
38
34
41
27
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Total Wholly-owned Majority, unlistedMinority, unlisted Majority, stockexchange
Minority, stockexchange
%
2007 2012 2013 2015
Women on the board of directors of unlisted
companies according to the number of personnel in
2007, 2012, 2013 and 2015 (%)
13 13 13 12
20
17
8
18 19
21
19
10
19 20 20 19
13
21 20
25
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Total -199 200-999 1000-3999 4000-
%
2007 2012 2013 2015
2 June 2016 Marjut Pietiläinen 14
Women executives at listed companies (senior
management and middle management) according to
the company’s market value in 2012, %
28
21
25
30
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Total Large listed companies Medium-sized companies Small companies
%
Company’s market value
2 June 2016 Marjut Pietiläinen 15
Women directors at unlisted companies
according to the number of personnel in
2012, %
18
23
15
18
20
0
5
10
15
20
25
Total -199 200-999 1000-3999 4000-
%
Number of personnel
2 June 2016 Marjut Pietiläinen 16
Occupation of spouses of directors working in
senior management and the whole management
(senior management and middle management), %
2 June 2016 Marjut Pietiläinen 17
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Men's spouses
Women's spouses
Men's spouses
Women's spouses
All
directo
rs 2
012
Se
nio
r m
anag
em
en
t20
13
Managers Professionals
Technicians and associate professionals Clerical and service and sales workers
Craft and plant and machine operators Other occupations
Results
- The percentage of women in senior management has increased
in recent years in boards of all types of companies researched
- Only few female CEOs and chairs on boards
- Finland is well-placed in the international comparisons between
the boards and steering groups of listed companies
- The personnel sex ratio is related to the share of women in senior
management to some degree
- More than the female or male majority in the personnel or
industry, the types of duties performed by women probably have
a stronger effect on the share of women
- In Finland a certain type of career path and a background in
technology education are often still required of managers
2 June 2016 Marjut Pietiläinen 18
What after the project? 1/2
- The report was the first step towards a more regular production of
extensive statistical reports on leadership statistics which take
gender into account
- Based on the report proposals, a statistical working group of the
TASURI project has continued to compile regularly leadership
statistics disaggregated by sex
– Administered by the Ministry of Finance
- Statistics examining gender equality in senior management could
be produced regularly each year but less extensively than this
report
- A more extensive report could be prepared less frequently, for
example, every four years at the expiration of each Finnish
government
2 June 2016 Marjut Pietiläinen 19
What after the project? 2/2
- Besides statistics and statistical reports also qualitative studies on
career path developments are also needed
- Unlisted companies should be examined as a whole
– Representation of companies of all sizes
– In terms of the number of staff
– Municipal businesses should also be included
- Action Plan for Gender Equality 2016˗2019 (Government accepted
4 May, 2016)
– Mention on establishing the leadership statistics on gender
- Article on the families of the senior management
- Analysed some data for 2015
2 June 2016 Marjut Pietiläinen 20
More information
– marjut.pietilainen(at)stat.fi
– miina.keski-petaja(at)stat.fi
– antti.katainen(at)stat.fi
– Representation of women and men in senior corporate
management
• Executive summary
2 June 2016 Marjut Pietiläinen 21
Thank you.
Marjut Pietiläinen marjut.pietilainen(at)stat.fi
UNECE Work Session on Gender Statistics, June 2, 2016,
Vilnius
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