relationships between organisms
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Relationships between or-ganisms
Standard 4 Key Idea 6 PI 6.1 MU 6.1g
http://animals.about.com/od/evolution/ss/evolution_9.htm
http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/evolution/symbiosis.htm
Bell Ringer QuestionMosquitoes and humans
A mosquito bites a human and feeds on human blood.
Which organism benefits?Which organism is harmed?
The mosquito
The human
Today’s outline• Producer/ consumer• Predator/ prey• Symbiosis (parasitism, commensal-
ism, and mutualism)• Scavenger • Decomposer
Relationships between organisms may be negative, neutral, or positive. Examples
Negative: parasitismNeutral: commensalism Positive: mutualism
Producer/ consumer • Producer: use the sunlight to produceenergy (plants, algae)
• Consumer: use energyfrom producer. (usuallyanimals.) ; heterotroph
• Consumers eatproducers.
Predator/ prey • Predator kills and eats the prey.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120222154633.htm
Symbiosis Symbiosis: a intimate relationship be-
tween two species that live closely.Examples1) Parasitism (+,-)2) Commensalism (+,0)3) Mutualism (+,+)
Parasitism (+,-)• One organism (the parasite) benefits.
(+)• The other organism (the host) is
harmed. (-) ExamplesAthletes’ food fungus (parasite)on humans (host)
http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20307059_8,00.html
Parasitism (+,-) con’t• Examples con’tTapeworms (parasites) in humans and
pigsSigns: diarrhea, abdominal pain, and
weight loss.
http://www.humanillnesses.com/original/T-Ty/Tapeworm.html
Parasitism (+,-) con’t• Examples con’tHeartworms (parasites) in dogs (hosts)-The parasite infects the heart muscle of the
dog and kills it. -A mosquito carries the larvae of heart worms.
http://www.cesarsway.com/heartworm-awareness/Symptoms-of-Worms-in-Dogs
http://www.bucknerterraceanimal.com/Pages/Heartworms.aspx
Commensalism (+,0) • One organism is benefited. (+)• The other organism is neither
harmed nor benefited. (0)Examples-Barnacle-whale-Orchid-tree -Remora-shark
Commensalism example 1: orchids and trees
• The barnacle has access to food-rich waters.
• The whale is neither harmed nor benefited.
Commensalism example 2: orchids and trees
• The tree provides astable environment to orchids.• The tree is neitherharmed or benefited.
Commensalism example 3: remora and shark
• The remora eats food particles on the shark.The shark is neitherharmed or benefited.
Mutualism (+,+)• Both organisms benefit from each
other. • Examples-nitrogen fixing bacteria and roots of
plants (i.e. beans)-protozoa and termites-algae and fungi
Mutualism (+,+) example 1bacteria and roots of leguminous plants
-Bacteria obtain nutrientssuch as sugar from roots.-Roots obtain nitratesfrom bacteria.
Notes: leguminous plantsinclude beans, peas, andclover.
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/106760/The-roots-of-an-Austrian-winter-pea-plant-with-nodules
• The protozoa get nutrients in the termite’s intestine.
• The termite benefits because the protozoa digest wood.
Mutualism (+,+) example 2protozoa and termite
http://www.rikenresearch.riken.jp/eng/frontline/6132
Mutualism (+,+) example 3algae and fungi in a lichen
• Algae food to fungi• Fungi moist surface for algae
Video: Symbiosis: Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism(Fill out the handout.)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSmL2F1t81Q
• Scavengers eat dead animals. (Some scavengers eat dead plants.)
Scavenger
• Decompose (break down) dead or-ganisms and return nutrients into the soil.
Decomposer
Exit ticket question 1• What are the three types of symbio-
sis you learned in class?
Exit ticket question 2
Regents June 2010 # 43
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