reinforced soil walls-2 · 2017. 8. 4. · concrete discrete panels reinforced soil walls - 2...

Geosynthetics and yReinforced Soil Structures

R i f d S il W llReinforced Soil Walls… continued… continued

Prof K. RajagopalDepartment of Civil EngineeringDepartment of Civil Engineering

IIT Madras, Chennaiil lk @ii ie-mail: gopalkr@iitm.ac.in

Outline of the LectureOutline of the Lecture

• Different Types of Reinforced Soil RetainingDifferent Types of Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls constructed in India

• Material requirements• Material requirements

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Components of reinforced soil retaining wallsReinforcement Reinforced soil block

B kfill ilF i

Reinforcement layers

Reinforced soil block

Backfill soilFacing panels

Levelling pad

Foundation soilFoundation soil

• Thin, flexible facing panels - about 180 mm thickThin, flexible facing panels about 180 mm thick• Levelling pad is usually 150 mm thick and 300-400 mm wide• Backfill soil is select non-plastic fgranular fill• Horizontal reinforcement layers• Horizontal reinforcement layers

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crash barrier

Typical highway supported by reinforced soil retaining walls

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Different Types of RE Walls built in India

Full‐height walls Modular block walls Panel walls

Steel mesh reinforcement Steel strips with anchor Gabion facings

Geogrid reinforcement Polymeric strip reinforcement5Reinforced Soil Walls - 2

A view of a full-height panel wall under erectiong p

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Schematic of construction procedure of full-height panel wall

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Bridge approach road with full-height panel walls on both sides

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levelling padlevelling pad

Dry construction without using cement mortar or concrete

RE wall with Modular block facing under construction in front of IIT MadrasRE wall with Modular block facing under construction in front of IIT Madras

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Facing blocks and horizontal layer of reinforcement10/42Reinforced Soil Walls - 2

Close up view of facing blocks and reinforcement aggregate layerClose-up view of facing blocks and reinforcement – aggregate layer as drainage block behind the blocks

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Bridge approach road in Velachery, Chennai – behind IIT Madras12/42Reinforced Soil Walls - 2

Differential settlement of approach road in Velachery wall

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Close up view of abutment of Velachery flyover Some length of the approach roadClose-up view of abutment of Velachery flyover .. Some length of the approach road constructed directly on the pile cap below the abutment and the rest on subgrade soil

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View of differential settlement due to part length supported on soil and other part on pile cap

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Close-up view of the deformed/cracked facing blocksClose up view of the deformed/cracked facing blocks

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Heavier blocks with strong shear key .. Can be used for short height walls ith t i f t lwithout reinforcement layers

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RE wall near Kanchipuram – facing made up of 180 mm thick facing panels

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Overall view of the construction of flyover approach road – maximum height f th i f d il ll i 9 th b id b t tof the reinforced soil wall is 9 m near the bridge abutment

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fRe walls with 1.5m size facing panels .. Inside view

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Details of clevis connection between facing panels and welded wire gridDetails of clevis connection between facing panels and welded wire grid

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Details of horizontal joint between two panels – notice the lifting hooksDetails of horizontal joint between two panels notice the lifting hooks and guide rods

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Levelling pad for laying the facing panels

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Levelling pad for laying the facing panels

Mould for making the facing panelsReinforcement for panels

Seating pad between panels

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Temporary prop support to facing panels during construction

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Reinforcement details at the corner of two walls

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Geotextile filter at joints to prevent loss of fines

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Light weight compactor for compaction near the facing up to 3 m distanceLight weight compactor for compaction near the facing – up to 3 m distanceCompaction should be along the length of the wall – never into the wall facing

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Bulging out of the facing panels due to improper

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g g g p p pcompaction at one construction site

Reinforced Anchored Earth walls near Chennai airport &walls near Chennai airport & Kathipara junction

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Reinforced soil wall in Jaipur city with aesthetic finish in pink colourReinforced soil wall in Jaipur city with aesthetic finish in pink colour

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Some Applications of rock filled Gabions at Pune

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River training works at Kaleswara Raomarket road, Vijayawada

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Reinforced Soil Approach road at Trivendrum airport – polymeric strips used along 

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with facing panels – notice the seating pads between the blocks

Reinforced soil wall system with galvanized steel welded bar mat

i f dreinforcement and precast concrete discrete panels

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RE wall under construction near Coimbatore

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Positive connection between facing panels and knitted geogrids

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22 m high 2 tier retaining wall22 m high 2-tier retaining wall at Vijayawada

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44 m high 4 tier44 m high 4-tier reinforced soil retaining wall at Vijayawada

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Recap

• This lecture has described the different

Recap

This lecture has described the different reinforced soil retaining walls built in India

• The construction aspects of these walls has• The construction aspects of these walls has been discussed

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