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RECOGNIZING RESILIENCERECOGNIZING RESILIENCE
30 January 201430 January 2014Sacramento Tree Foundation
Mary E. Northridge, PhD, MPHy g , ,Editor-in-Chief, American Journal of Public HealthAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Epidemiology & Health PromotionNYU C ll f D ti tNYU College of Dentistry
Outline
• Introducing the New York City Urban Field Station
• Our research partnership: The Grey, the Green and the Human (NewOur research partnership: The Grey, the Green and the Human (New York City Urban Field Station, New York University, University at Buffalo)
• Recognizing ResilienceRecognizing Resilience
• Reciprocity between nature and health• Terrorist acts economic degradation and extreme weather• Terrorist acts, economic degradation, and extreme weather• Buffering the impacts of disturbance and cultivating places of social
meaning
• Conclusions
New York City Urban Field Station
MISSION:MISSION:“To improve quality of life in urban
areas by conducting and supporting research about social-ecological
systems and naturalsystems and natural resource management”
Human Ecosystem Framework (HEF) – moves us away from y ( ) ythinking about the ecology IN cites to the ecology OF cities
Source: Machlis et at 2005
Socio-ecological research continuums
SOCIAL
On‐Site Interviews Census Map
With StewardsCensus Map
INTENSIVE EXTENSIVE
Forest Research Plot Land Cover Map
BIOPHYSICAL
Socio-ecological research continuums
SOCIAL
INTENSIVE EXTENSIVE
BIOPHYSICAL
Humans are the dominant speciesHumans are the dominant species
Keenly interested in humans asenvironmental stewards as partenvironmental stewards – as partof the cycle of resilience
Marine Park, Brooklyn, NY
What are the relationships among grey infrastructure, green infrastructure and human health and wellgreen infrastructure, and human health and well-
being?
U b E i t l St d hi i l i tiUrban Environmental Stewardship -- a social innovation
Liz Christy, founder of Green Mayor Bloomberg marking the Shoreline cleanup in Queens, Liz Christy, founder of Green Guerillas, in the Lower East Side
Mayor Bloomberg marking the halfway point in MillionTreesNYC
Shoreline cleanup in Queens, sponsored by private companies
Urban environmental stewards conserve, manage, monitor, advocate gfor or educate the public about the local environment. (Fisher et al. 2007)
Source: From left to right— Green Guerillas, NY Daily News, © Meg Cotner
STEW MAP: Mapping stewardship organizations in 2007STEW-MAP: Mapping stewardship organizations in 2007
Green Space Social Space
STEW-MAP research is being conducted in New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Seattle, and Chicago. Related projects are underway in San Juan and Los Angeles.
N Y k Cit I Cit f St dNew York City Is a City of Stewards
NYC STEW-MAP Network Data, US Forest Service, 2007
Universally Abiding TraitsStewards as first responders
adaptive / polycentric
Nature as a restorative mechanismNature as a restorative mechanismbiophysical and social legacies / instrumental
Stewardship persistsstabilize feedback loops / professionalization
Acute: September 11, 2001 -- Living MemorialsAcute: September 11, 2001 Living MemorialsWhat motivated people to interact with nature? Why?
St d Fi t R dStewards as First Responders
Basic, abiding and universal needs: to beautify, teach, relax, restore, create –or to re-establish a locus of control
N t t ti d di ti h iNature as a restorative – and mediating -- mechanism
St d hi P i t G i i th R d ZStewardship Persists -- Greening in the Red Zone
“RedzZones” refer to multiple settings (spatial and temporal) that may be characterized as intense potentially or recently hostile orintense, potentially or recently hostile or dangerous, including those in post-disaster situations caused by natural disasters such as hurricanes and earthquakes as well as thosehurricanes and earthquakes, as well as those associated with terrorist attacks and war, or longer term decline of capacity and resilience.
Chronic: Urban fiscal crisis -- community gardeners as first responders toChronic: Urban fiscal crisis community gardeners as first responders to garden (yes!) but also to regain a sense of control, to share knowledge, to celebrate culture and identity, to leave a legacy, to matter
New York City: 1975, 1999
Photo by Steffi Graham
Nature as a mechanism for dealing with changeNature as a mechanism for dealing with change
Strengthening social cohesion and creating new forms of governance
How do we recognize resilience?
Community garden supporters on the steps of City HallNew York, NY, 2000
Acute Disturbance and Chronic VulnerabilitiesAcute Disturbance and Chronic Vulnerabilities Extreme Weather -- Joplin, MO and New York, NY
May 2011 EF5 Tornado Oct 2012 Superstorm Sandy
How are natural resources and open space used by communities as mechanisms p p yto enhance resilient, adaptive processes of recovery? What are the differences between and similarities across these processes in response to perturbations across time and space?
Joplin VolunteersJoplin Volunteers
N t th f t d th tNature as a pathway for recovery -- an asset and a threat
Study area: green space surrounding Jamaica Bay
Source: http://www.nycgovparks.org/
Ob t lkObserve, talk, map…
1,700 acres assessed500 interviews
Frank Charles Memorial Park, Queens, NY
• First responders: significant retired population• Chronic disturbance: tides• Acute disturbance: Superstorm SandyAcute disturbance: Superstorm Sandy• Concern about dead, low hanging limbs• Active, informal stewardship group works against erosion
Far Rockaway, Queens. October 19, 2013
Unplanned, un-programmed space -- Sea Song Memorial, 1st Anniversary Post Storm
S R i i R iliSummary – Recognizing Resilience
• Nature as a restorative mechanism• How can we envision nature not only as a buffer or a service but as
part of our social infrastructure?
• The need for unplanned, un-programmed space • How can we cultivate places of social meaning?
• First responders and organizational network nodesH d dd lti l l biliti i i hb h d ?• How do we address multiple vulnerabilities in neighborhoods?
• Professionalization of stewards • How do we harness capacities and new forms of governance?
Acknowledgements
USDA F t S iUSDA Forest Service12-JV-11242309-095
Integrating Grey and Green Infrastructure to Improve Health and
Well-Being for Urban Populations
NYC Parks & RecreationNatural Areas Conservancyy
The TKF Foundation
Research Collaborators:
Erika S. SvendsenSara MetcalfGillian Baine
Lindsay K. CampbellNancy Falxa-Raymond
Photo credit: Joana Chen
References
• Svendsen, Erika and Lindsay Campbell, Community-Based Memorials to September 11, 2001: Environmental Stewardship as Memory Work in Greening in the Red Zone: Disaster, Resilience and Community Greening, Tidball, Keith G.; Krasny, Marianne E (Eds.). , 2013, XXXI, Springer, 503 p. 74 illus., 63 illus.
• Svendsen, Erika S. Storyline and design: how civic stewardship shapes urban design in New York City. 2013 in Chapter 13. In: Pickett, S.T.A.; Cadenasso, M.L.; McGrath, B., eds. Resilience in ecology and urban design: linking theory and practice for sustainable cities. Vol. 3. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands: 269-287.
• Svendsen, Erika S.; Northridge, Mary E.; Metcalf, Sara S. Integrating grey and green infrastructure to improve the health and well-being of urban populations. 2012. Cities and the Environment (CATE) 5(1): article 3.
• Fisher, Dana R.; Campbell, Lindsay; Svendsen, Erika S. 2012. The organisational structure of urban environmental stewardship Environmental Politics. 21(1): 26-48.
• Svendsen, Erika. Cultivating health and well-being through environmental stewardship. 2011. American Journal of Public Health. 101(11).( )
• Fisher, D. R., Connolly, J. J., Svendsen, E. S., Campbell, L. K. (2011). ”DIGGING TOGETHER: Why people volunteer to help plant one million trees in New York City.” Environmental Stewardship Project at the Center for Society and Environment of the University of Maryland White Paper #1. 36 p.
• Svendsen Erika S ; Campbell Lindsay K (2010) a: Living Memorials: Understanding the Social Meanings of Community-• Svendsen, Erika S.; Campbell, Lindsay K. (2010) a: Living Memorials: Understanding the Social Meanings of Community-Based Memorials to September 11, 2001. Environment and Behavior. 42: 318-334.
• Svendsen, E.S. 2009 Cultivating Resilience: Urban Stewardship as a Means to Improving Health and Well-being, pgs. 58-87 in Campbell, L and Wiesen, A. Restorative Commons: Creating Health and Well-being through Urban Landscapes - GTR NRS-P-39. Newtown Square, PA: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 278 pgs.
• Svendsen, E.; Campbell, L. (2006) Land-markings: 12 Journeys through 9/11 Living Memorials. NRS-INF-1-06. Gen. Tech. Report. Newtown Square, PA: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 49 p.
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