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Rainfall Structure of Thar “The Great Indian Desert”
S. S. Singh, Mukesh Chauhan & Roop Narayan Kumawat
Meteorological Centre, Jaipur India Meteorological Department
New Delhi
DOCUMENT AND DATA CONTROL SHEET
1 Title of the report Rainfall Structure of Thar- The great
Indian desert
2 Authors S. S. Singh, Mukesh Chauhan &
Roop Narayan Kumawat
3 Originating Unit RMC New Delhi and Meteorological
Centre, Jaipur
4 Type of Document Scientific Report
5 No. of pages and
figures 75 and 84
6 No. of references 10
7 Key words
Arithmetic Mean (AM), Coefficient of
variation (CV), Standard deviation (SD),
Percentage of departure from long
period average (% DEP), and Long
period average (LPA).
8 Security classification Unclassified
9 Distribution Unrestricted
10 Date of Publication April, 2014
11 Abstract
The report contains daily, weekly,
monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall
summaries for different districts of the
Thar Desert of Rajasthan. The seasonal
statement contains the monthly rainfall
distribution, extremes and its variability.
The probability of occurrence of wet and
dry weeks is also described in detail.
CONTENTS
Chapter I Geography and Physiography 1
Chapter II General Climate 12
Chapter III Rainfall features 17
Chapter IV Winter Season 29
Chapter V Summer Season 31
Chapter VI Monsoon Season 33
Chapter VII Post Monsoon Season 39
Chapter VIII Rainfall Features Annual 41
Chapter IX Extreme Rainfall 50
Chapter X Tables 66
Foreword
The most parts of South West Rajasthan are part of Thar Desert. The economy of this region is mainly dependent upon agriculture and animal husbandry. The total annual rainfall of this region is also significantly less than the other parts of the state. Its geographical location is such that this region is mostly dependent upon rain water. The other sources of water like rivers, lakes and water reservoirs / dams, etc, are almost nil in the region. This region has lowest annual normal rainfall in the country. The period of monsoon over this region is shortest (two months) in the whole country. Most parts of this region receive very little rain and it has a large variability on temporal and spatial scale. Drinking and other water requirements for living beings are basically fulfilled with rain water only. Kharif crops are totally rain fed in the region and production varies with the amount and frequency of rainfall. Rain is thus the primary and most important source for survival. Bearing the above facts in mind, it becomes essential to know the rainfall features over the “Indian Thar region”. These features are important tools for planning purposes in various disciplines like water management, agriculture operations, industrial development, etc. The present booklet is an effort to summarise the district wise rainfall features of the Thar Desert.
The report contains daily, weekly, monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall summaries for different districts of the Thar Desert of Rajasthan. The seasonal statement contains the monthly rainfall distribution, extremes and its variability. The probability of occurrence of wet and dry weeks is also described in detail.
I appreciate the authors for their valued contribution in bringing out this Monograph “Thar Desert of Rajasthan”. I am sure people of the region, the state administrators and the planners will find this publication very useful.
April, 2014 L. S. Rathore New Delhi Director General of Meteorology
India Meteorological Department
Summary
The most parts of South West Rajasthan are part of Thar Desert.
This region has lowest annual normal rainfall in the country its geographical
location is such that this region is mostly dependent upon rain water. The
period of monsoon over this region is shortest (two months) in the whole
country. Drinking and other water requirements for living beings are
basically fulfilled with rain water only. Kharif crops are totally rain fed in
the region and production varies with the amount and frequency of rainfall.
Rain is thus the primary and most important source for survival. The report
contains daily, weekly, monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall
summaries for different districts of the Thar Desert of Rajasthan. The
seasonal statement contains the monthly rainfall distribution,
extremes and its variability. The probability of occurrence of wet and
dry weeks is also described in detail. These features are important tools
for planning purposes in various disciplines like water management,
agriculture operations, industrial development, etc.
1
CHAPTER - I
=======================================================================
Geography and Physiography
Location
1.1 The Thar Desert of Rajasthan, also known as the Great Indian Desert is a large
arid region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent and forms a natural
boundary running along the border between India and Pakistan with an area of more
than 100,000 km2 within the Indian state of Rajasthan and covering mainly the districts
of Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner and Jodhpur and some region of the states of Punjab
and Haryana. It extends from the Sutlej river and is surrounded by the Aravali ranges
on the east, on the south by the salt marsh known as the Great Rann of Kutch (parts of
which are sometimes included in the Thar), and on the west by the Indus river in
Pakistan. Its boundary to the large thorny steppe to the north is ill-defined. It lies mostly
in Rajasthan and extends into the southern portion of Haryana and Punjab states and
into northern Gujarat state.
Fig.1.1 The position of Thar Desert Fig.1.2 The position of Thar Desert
2
Physiography and Geology
1.2 The Thar Desert slopes imperceptibly towards the Indus plain and surface
unevenness is mainly due to sand dunes. The dunes in the south are higher, sometimes
rising upto 152 m whereas in the north they are lower and rise to 16 m above the ground
level. The Aravali forms the main landmark to the south-east of Thar Desert. The soils of
this region are sandy to sandy-loam in texture. The consistency and depth varies
according to the topographical features. Some of these soils contain a high percentage
of soluble salts in the lower horizons, turning water in the wells poisonous.
Origin
1.3 The origin of the Thar Desert is a controversial subject. Some consider it to be
4000 to 10,000 years old, whereas others state that aridity started in this region much
earlier. Another theory states that area turned to desert recently perhaps around 2000 -
1500 BC. Around this time the Ghaggar-Hakra ceased to be a major river. It now
terminates in the desert but at one time was a water source for the Indus Valley
Civilization centre of Mohen-jo-daro. It has been observed through remote sensing
techniques that Late Quaternary climatic changes and geotectonic changes have played
a significant role in modifying the drainage courses in this part and a large number of
palaeo-channels exist.
1.4 Most studies did not share the opinion that the palaeochannels of the
Sarasvati river coincide with the bed of the present-day Ghaggar and believe that the
Sutlej along with the Yamuna once flowed into the present riverbed. It has been
postulated that the Sutlej was the main tributary of the Ghaggar and that subsequently
the tectonic movements might have forced the Sutlej westwards, the Yamuna eastwards
and thus dried up the Ghaggar-Hakra.
3
Thar in Ancient Literature
Fig. 1.3 The position of Thar Desert Fig.1.4 Course of Sarasvati River through
(Yellow colour) Thar Desert in Iron Age Vedic India
1.5 The Sarasvati river is one of the chief Rigvedic rivers mentioned in ancient
Hindu texts. The Nadistuti hymn in the Rigveda (10.75) mentions the Sarasvati between
the Yamuna in the east and the Sutlej in the west, and later Vedic texts like Tandya and
Jaiminiya Brahmanas as well as the Mahabharata mention that the Sarasvati dried up in
a desert.
Agriculture
1.6 The Thar is one of most heavily populated desert areas in the world and the
main occupation of people living here is agriculture and animal husbandry. Because of
the large variability in rainfall on temporal and spatial scale, agriculture is not a
dependable proposition in this area as after the rainy season, at least 33% of crops fail.
Animal husbandry, trees and grasses, intercropped with vegetables or fruit trees, is the
4
most viable model for arid and drought-prone regions. The region faces frequent
droughts. Overgrazing due to high animal populations, wind and water erosion, mining
and other industries result in serious land degradation.
Fig. 1.5 Bajra is the main kharif crop in Thar
1.7 The agricultural production is mainly from the Kharif crops. The Kharif crops
are the crops that are seeded in the months of June and July and grown in the rainy
season. These crops are harvested in September and October and include bajra, pulses
such as guar, jowar (Sorghum vulgare), maize (zea mays), sesame and groundnuts. In
past few decades the development of canals, tube wells etc. has changed crop pattern.
Now the desert districts in Rajasthan have started producing Rabi crops like wheat,
mustard, cumin seed and other cash crops also. Thar region of Rajasthan is the main
opium producer and consumer area.
5
Livestock
Fig.1.6 Camel ride in the Thar Desert near Jaisalmer
1.8 In the last few years, the Rajasthan desert has seen many changes, including
a manifold increase of both the human and animal population. Animal husbandry has
become popular due to the difficult farming conditions. At present, there are ten times
more animals per person in Rajasthan than the national average, and overgrazing is
also a factor affecting the environment. A large number of farmers in Thar Desert
depend on animal husbandry for their livelihood. Cow, buffalo, sheep, goats, camel and
ox consist of major cattle population. Barmer district has the highest cattle population
out of which sheep and goats are in majority. Thar region of Rajasthan is the biggest
wool-producing area in India. Of the total wool production in India, 40-50% comes from
Rajasthan. The most important tree species in terms of providing a livelihood in Thar
Desert communities is Procopius cineraria.
Energy
1.9 The Thar Desert is an ideal place for generation of electricity from wind power.
According to an estimate, Rajasthan state has got a potential of 5500 Megawatt wind
power generation. Solar energy also has a great potential in this region as most of the
days during a year are cloud free.
6
Salt Water Lakes
1.10 There are a number of salt water lakes in Thar Desert. These are Sambhar,
Pachpadra, Tal Chhapar, Phalodi and Lunkaransar where Sodium chloride salt is
produced from salt water whereas Didwana lake produces Sodium Sulphate salt.
People
Fig.1.7 Huts in the Thar Desert
1.11 About 40% of the total population of Rajasthan state lives in Thar Desert. The
main occupation of the people in this region is agriculture and animal husbandry. In
past years there has been a tremendous increase in human population as well as animal
population. This has led to improper control of grazing and extensive cultivation
resulting in the deterioration of vegetation resources. The increase of human and
livestock population in the desert has led to deterioration in the ecosystem resulting in
degradation of soil fertility. The Thar Desert is the most densely populated desert in the
world, with a population density of 83 people per km2 v/s 7 in other deserts. Jodhpur,
the largest city in the region, lies in the scrub forest zone. Bikaner and Jaisalmer are
located in the desert proper.
7
Water Sources
Fig. 1.8 Johads are common water sources Fig. 1.9 Tanks for drinking water
Fig. 1.10 Course of River Luni
8
Fig. 1.11 River Map of Rajasthan
1.12 Natural (tobas) or man-made (johads), both types of small, intermittent ponds,
are often the only source of water for animals and humans in the true desert areas. The
river Luni is the only natural water source that drains inside a lake in the desert. It
originates in the Pushkar valley of the Aravali Range, near Ajmer and ends in the
marshy lands of Rann of Kutch in Gujarat, after travelling a distance of 530 km. It is a
rainy season river.
1.13 In the recent developments, the Rajasthan Canal system is the major irrigation
scheme of the Thar Desert which helps to check spreading of the desert to fertile areas.
It is world's largest irrigation system which is being extended in an attempt to make the
desert arable. It runs south-southwest in Punjab and Haryana but mainly in Rajasthan
9
for a total of 650 kilometers and ends near Jaisalmer, in Rajasthan. After the
construction of the Indira Gandhi Canal, irrigation facilities were available over an area
of 6770 km² in Jaisalmer district and 37 km² in Barmer district. The canal has
transformed the barren desert of this district into rich and lush fields. Crops of mustard,
cotton, and wheat now flourish in this semi-arid western region replacing the sand there
previously. Besides providing water for agriculture, the canal also supplies drinking
water to hundreds of people in the desert areas. Map showing Thar Desert of Rajasthan
along with different districts is shown in Fig.1.12 and District wise stations maps of this
region are shown in Fig.1.13.
Fig.1.12 Location Map of Thar Desert of Rajasthan
10
Jaisalmer Barmer
Jodhpur Bikaner
Fig.1.13 Stations maps of different districts of Thar Desert
11
District wise area of Thar Desert is given as follows :-
S. No. District/Region Area in sq. km. % Area
1 Jaisalmer 38401 32
2 Jodhpur 22850 19
3 Barmer 28387 24
4 Bikaner 30248 25
Thar Desert of Rajasthan 119886 100
1.14 The Rajasthan desert which forms a major portion of the Thar Desert is the
biggest desert in India and encompasses mainly the districts of Jaisalmer, Barmer,
Bikaner and Jodhpur. In fact the Rajasthan Desert comprises the desert triangle of three
cities - Jaisalmer, Bikaner and Jodhpur. This desert is spread over 119886 sq.km.
(approx.) of area and is 35% of the total area of the state. Jaisamer district covers the
largest (32%) and Jodhpur district the least (19%) desert area. Other two districts
namely Bikaner and Barmer districts cover about 25% and 24% area, respectively.
12
CHAPTER - II
==============================================================================
General Climate
General climate of Thar Desert of Rajasthan is dry and hot. Mainly three
seasons namely summer, rainy and winter are observed over the region. Summer
season generally starts from the mid March and continues up to the end of June. May
and June are the peak summer months. During summers, days are very hot and longer.
Day maximum temperatures range between 45 deg. Celsius and 49 deg. Celsius on
many days. However, summer nights are quite pleasant because of its soil
characteristics. The ever recorded maximum temperature (49.4 deg.cel.) of this region
was observed at Bikaner on 28th May 1914. Night temperatures significantly drop as
compared to the day temperatures. Heat wave and hot day conditions are observed on
many occasions over this region. Strong and dust raising hot winds during afternoon
hours are the common feature during peak summer period. Due to large scale heating
during summer months, a low pressure area develops over the region called the “heat
low” which prevails up to the end of monsoon season. Due to formation of strong
pressure gradient and neighborhood, strong dust raising winds called “ANDHIS” are
observed on a few occasions over this region. The effect of these “ANDHIS” is also
observed over other parts of the state as well as the neighboring states of the country
namely Haryana, Punjab, UP, Delhi and West MP. The day time visibility drops
considerably during these weather events affecting the normal activities in different
fields. However, these weather events bring a relief from higher day temperatures.
During the summer season, days are very dry as humidity drops below 20%. At the end
of summer season (June end), due to incursion of moisture from Arabian Sea, high
temperatures and unstable atmosphere conditions prevail over the region. Dust storm /
Thunder storm activities associated with light to moderate rainfall are a common feature
during afternoon hours. On some occasions, strong winds with gale force are also
observed damaging the infrastructures at many places. These activities continue till the
onset of monsoon. Summer prevails for a longer duration than other seasons.
13
Monsoon generally sets over the region in the beginning of July and lasts up
to the end of August. Rains are observed only for two months (July and August).
Monsoon sets over Kerala coast around 1st June and is last to reach this region
(around 1st July). On the other hand, the withdrawal of monsoon commences first from
this region (around 1st September). 97% of the annual rainfall is observed during
monsoon season with a highest variability in the country. The annual (251 mm) over the
Thar Desert is also least in the country. The cumulative seasonal monsoon rainfall over
Thar Desert during recent 56 years (1957-2012) is shown in fig. 6.3.1.
Generally, monsoon withdraws from the region during middle of September.
Afterwards, day and night temperatures again start rising and the hot conditions prevail
up to the end of October, although the weather during this period (middle of September
to October) becomes comparatively hot and dry with clear sky. The day temperatures
range 35 to 40 deg. Celsius. A high pressure area develops over this region in the lower
troposphere and the moisture incursion from Arabian Ocean stops during this period
resulting in clear sky conditions. Weather during November is quite pleasant from
tourist point of view.
Winter conditions start developing over the region during the beginning of
November month and as a result day and night temperatures start falling slowly over
the region. The peak winter conditions are observed during December and January.
Winter is also very chilly over most parts of the Thar Desert. The minimum temperature
even drops below freezing level on some occasions. The lowest minimum temperature
of -5.9 deg. Celsius was observed at Jaisalmer on 12th January 1967. The average
minimum temperature during winter months is less than 10 deg. Celsius. Winters are
also extreme over the region and generally continue up to the middle of February.
After middle of February, the day and night temperatures again start rising
slowly. Weather during March month becomes pleasant from the tourist point of view.
Weather during November and March months over Thar Desert attracts a lot of local and
international tourists for a visit to the region. Mean monthly and extreme maximum /
minimum temperatures and rainfall features over different parts of the region are shown
14
in Fig. 2.1 Monthly temperatures, rainfall and rainy day patterns are almost similar over
different parts of the desert. However, rainfall decreases gradually as we move
westwards and thus Jaisalmer district gets the least average rainfall (159 mm) and
Jodhpur district gets the highest (270 mm) during monsoon season.
Fig. 2.1 Normal minimum, maximum temperatures, rainfall and rainy days of Thar Desert of Rajasthan
15
Stations Extreme Temperatures in Degree Celsius.
Highest Lowest
Jaisalmer 49.2 ( 4th June 1991 ) - 5.9 ( 12 Jan. 1967)
Bikaner 49.4 (28th May1914 ) - 4.0 ( 26 Jan 1964)
Barmer 49.1 ( 7th June 2011 ) - 1.7 ( 15 Jan. 1935 )
Jodhpur 48.9 ( 25th May 1932 ) - 2.2 ( 31 Jan 1905 )
2.1 Data Used
Daily rainfall data for the period 1957-2012 (56 years) of 30 rain - gauge
stations (listed below), functioning under the state Government and India
Meteorological Department at station and sub station levels has been used to define the
rainfall features of Thar Desert of Rajasthan. Each station is represented by at least one
rain gauge station. The district rainfall of different temporal scales has been worked out
as the simple average of all stations level rain gauge. The rainfall features of the whole
region are based upon the area weighted average district rainfalls.
S. No.
Districts/Stations
Jodhpur Bikaner Barmer Jaisalmer
1 Jodhpur Bikaner Barmer Jaisalmer
2 Phalodi Lunkaransar Chohtan Fatehgarh
3 Bilara Kolayat Pachpadra Pokran
4 Shergarh Nokha Sheo Ramgarh
5 Osian Chattargarh Siwana Sam
6 Bhopalgarh Dungargarh Baitu Nokh
7 Jaswant Sagar Pugal Gudamalani
8 Luni Khajuwala Ramsar
16
Fig. 2.2 Raingauge stations of Thar Desert of Rajasthan
17
CHAPTER- III
==============================================================================
Rainfall Features
3.1 Rainfall
In this chapter daily, weekly, monthly and seasonal features of rainfall over
Thar Desert have been described.
3.1.1 Daily Rainfall Description
Daily district wise normal rainfall is shown in Fig.3.1.1.1 which shows that
rainfall is insignificant during the period from January to end of May and middle of
September to end of the year. The highest daily normal value of the order of 5 to 6
mm is observed around 190th to 215th day of the year. The rainfall increases from
beginning of July and attains its peak value around 190thto 215th day and then starts
decreasing up to end of September. A drastic decrease in rainfall takes place after the
300th day and there are occasional spells of rain during rest days of the year.
Jaisalmer Bikaner
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
18
35
52
69
86
10
3
12
0
13
7
15
4
17
1
18
8
20
5
22
2
23
9
25
6
27
3
29
0
30
7
32
4
34
1
35
8
Rai
nfa
ll (
mm
)
Days
NORMAL RAINFALL
0
1
2
3
4
5
1
19
37
55
73
91
10
9
12
7
14
5
16
3
18
1
19
9
21
7
23
5
25
3
27
1
28
9
30
7
32
5
34
3
36
1
Rai
nfa
ll (
mm
)
Days
18
Barmer Jodhpur
Fig. 3.1.1.1 Daily normal rainfall over different parts of Thar Desert
Daily district wise normal rainfall distribution in different range is shown
in Fig.3.1.1.2 which reveals that in about 70 to 74% cases the daily rainfall occurs
less than 5 mm ; in 13 to 16% cases it ranges between 5 to 10 mm and in 6 to 7 %
cases it ranges between 15 to 20 mm. The daily rainfall exceeding 50 mm is rare.
However , there are cases when it was observed in the range of 50 to 150 mm and
even more also.
Jaisalmer Bikaner
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
18
35
52
69
86
10
3
12
0
13
7
15
4
17
1
18
8
20
5
22
2
23
9
25
6
27
3
29
0
30
7
32
4
34
1
35
8
Rai
nfa
ll (
mm
)
Days
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 19
37
55
73
91
10
9
12
7
14
5
16
3
18
1
19
9
21
7
23
5
25
3
27
1
28
9
30
7
32
5
34
3
36
1
Rai
nfa
ll (
mm
)
Days
73.8%
12.8%
6.2%
3.1% 3.7% 0.2%0.1%
0<R<=5 5<R<=10 10<R<=15 15<R<=20
70%
16%
6%3% 4%
1%0%
0%
19
Barmer Jodhpur
Fig.3.1.1.2 Daily rainfall distribution in different ranges over different districts of Thar Desert of India
3.1.2 Weekly Rainfall Description
Weekly normal rainfall over Thar Desert gradually increases from 24th week to
29th week and then gradually decreases up to 42nd week (Fig. 3.1.2.1). A sudden
increase in weekly rainfall during 33th and 36th week is also observed. The highest (21
mm) rainfall is observed during 29th week (first week of August). The weekly rainfall
decreases drastically even to less than 2 mm from 40th week (1st week of October)
onward. This trend continues up to the 20th week (end of May). Weekly rainfall during
peak monsoon season varies between 12 to 21 mm. During Monsoon season weekly
rainfall attains its highest value during 5 weeks time (9 mm during 25th week to 21 mm
during 29th week) while abatement takes place in 10 weeks time (21 mm during 29th
week to 4 mm during 39th week). District wise weekly normal rainfall over the Indian
Thar Desert and its parts is shown in figure 3.1.2.1
73.8%
12.8%
6.2%
3.1%3.7% 0.2%
0.1%
71%
14%
7%
3% 5%0%
0%
0%
20
000011100001111011112
42
6
910
1719
23
1919
2424
17
12
17
12
442
12100
1110000
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 3 5 7 91
11
31
51
71
92
12
32
52
72
93
13
33
53
73
94
14
34
54
74
95
1
Rai
nfa
ll (
mm
)
Weeks
01001010100011101112233
7
1011
23
20
2426
2325
23
171718
13
34
1121100
110001
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 3 5 7 91
11
31
51
71
92
12
32
52
72
93
13
33
53
73
94
14
34
54
74
95
1
Weeks
Fig.3.1.2.1 Weekly normal rainfall over Thar Desert.
Jaisalmer Bikaner
Barmer Jodhpur
Fig.3.1.2 .2 Weekly normal rainfall over different parts of Thar Desert of Rajasthan
000001111011011
01011
4
2
45
78
11
13
14
1314
12
18
9
8
11
6
32
10
2
0000000001
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1 3 5 7 9 11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
Weeks
000001111011011
01011
4
2
45
78
11
13
14
1314
12
18
9
8
11
6
32
10
2
0000000001
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1 3 5 7 91
11
31
51
71
92
12
32
52
72
93
13
33
53
73
94
14
34
54
74
95
1
Weeks
21
3.1.3 Monthly Rainfall Description
Monthly normal rainfall distribution of Thar Desert is shown in Fig.3.1.3.1 and
Fig.3.1.3.2.These figures show that the highest monthly rainfall of 80 mm (32% of
annual rainfall ) is realized in July and 74 mm(29% of annual rainfall) rainfall is
observed during August. The total monthly rainfall is insignificant ( less than 11
mm ) in all other months of the year except monsoon months (June to September) .
The monthly rainfall during June and September is 30mm and 34 mm respectively. The
July and August are the main rainy months. Monthly rainfall is about 2% or less of the
annual rainfall in the each month during the period from October to April . It is 4%
in May.
Fig. 3.1.3.1 Fig. 3.1.3.2
(Monthly normal rainfall of Thar Desert of Rajasthan)
24 4 4
10
30
80
74
34
52 2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Rai
nfa
ll (
mm
)
Months
Fig. 3.1.3 .1 Monthly Normal Rainfall Thar Desert
Normal Rainfall
JAN1%
FEB2%
MAR1%
APR1% MAY
4%
JUN12%
JUL32%
AUG29%
SEP14%
OCT2%
NOV1%
DEC1%
Fig. 3.1.3.2 Monthly Rainfall Distribution Thar Desert
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN
JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
22
3.1.4 Seasonal / Annual Rainfall Description
Seasonal and annual normal rainfall distribution along with their variability
(in terms of Standard Deviation & Coefficient of Variation ) is shown in Fig. 3.1.4.1 and
Fig. 3.1.4.2 Total annual normal rainfall of Thar Desert is 251 mm with 38% coefficient of
variation (CV). Total rainfall during post monsoon season is lowest ( 7 mm ) among all
seasons. The rainfall is rather more in Summer (18 mm) and Winter (8 mm) seasons
than Post monsoon. A significant increase in rainfall is observed from summer ( 18
mm ) to monsoon season ( 218 mm ). The highest (CV 184 % ) rainfall variability is
observed in Post Monsoon season, while the lowest (CV 42 %) in Monsoon season.
About 90% of the annual rainfall is realised during the monsoon season. The
contribution of winter, summer and post monsoon season‟s rainfall is 3%, 4% and
3% respectively.
Fig.3.1.4.1 Fig.3.1.4.2
(Seasonal and annual normal rainfall of Thar Desert of Rajasthan)
818
218
7
251
817
91
14
95107
97
42
184
38
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Winter Summer Monsoon Post monsoon
Annual
Rai
nfa
ll (
mm
) &
var
iab
ility
in %
Seasons
Fig. 3.1.4.1 Seasonal/ Annual Rain and Variability over Thar Desert
Normal rain SD CV
Winter3%
Summer4%
Monsoon90%
Post monsoon
3%
Fig. 3.1.4.2 Seasonal Rainfall Distribution Thar Desert
Winter Summer Monsoon Post monsoon
23
5 13
271
8
297
6 16
123
17
129
123 120
45
217
44
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Winter Summer Monsoon Post monsoon
Annual
Rai
nfa
ll (
mm
) & v
aria
bili
ty i
n %
SeasonsJodhpur
The district wise seasonal, annual rainfall distribution and varibility in rainfall
are shown in Fig,3.1.4.3. The lowest (182 mm) annual rainfall is observed over
Jaisalmer district and the Highest (297 mm) over Jodhpur district. Bikaner (265 mm)and
Barmer(267 mm) districts receive almost same order of annual rainfall. Barmer district
shows larger rainfall variabilty during Summer (CV-134%), winter(CV-142%) and
Monsoon (CV-59%)season in comparision to other districts of the region. But during
post monsoon season,Bikaner district has largest rainfall variability among all districts.
Fig. 3.1.4.3 Seasonal / Annual Rainfall and their variability over different parts of Thar Desert
6 13
158
6
182
8 15
86
12
89
142
118
55
225
49
0
50
100
150
200
250
Winter Summer Monsoon Post monsoon
Annual
Rai
nfa
ll (
mm
) & v
aria
bili
ty in
%
SeasonsJaisalmer
Normal rain SD CV
1427
217
7
265
16
26
87
18
96113
98
40
237
36
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Winter Summer Monsoon Post monsoon
Annual
Rai
nfa
ll in
mm
&
var
iab
ility
in %
SeasonsBikaner
414
241
9
267
6
18
14
3
16
145153
134
59
177
54
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Winter Summer Monsoon Post monsoon
Annual
Rai
nfa
ll (
mm
) & v
ari
abili
ty i
n %
Seasons
Barmer
24
3.2 Rainy Days
Annual variation of rainy days is shown in Fig. 3.2.1. The annual rainy days
over Thar Desert are 88 days. The lowest (53) rainy days have been observed during
year 1969 while the highest (148) days during year 1979. The normal annual rainy days
over Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Barmer and Jodhpur districts are 35, 48, 43 and 59 days,
respectively. The lowest (15, 29, 21) rainy days were observed in Jaisalmer, Bikaner
and Barmer districts during the years 1969and 2002 both, respectively while Jodhpur
district observed lowest (18) rainy days during the year 2009. The highest (56, 74,66 &
117) rainy days were observed over Jaisalmer, Bikaner,Barmer and Jodhpur districts
during the years 1961, 1997,1994 and 1979, respectively.
Weekly normal rainy days are less than 1 day during the whole year
except the monsoon season. During 27th to 34th week the normal weekly rainy days
are about 2 to 3 days over Jaisalmer, Bikaner and Barmer districts while these are 3 to
4 days over Jodhpur district. On the other hand, there are instances during winter ,
summer and post Monsoon season when rainfall is observed on more than 5 days in a
week (6th,7th ,14th& 50th ) in Bikaner district and ( 13th , 15th , 47th , & 51th weeks ) in
Jodhpur district . Fig.3.2.2 & 3.2.3).
Fig. 3.2.1 Rainy days variability over Thar Desert
89
111
7272
109
938994
8576
115
6353
9384
61
83
62
99101
128117
148
87
103107112
7263
6865
9083
106
70
87
72
97
73
88
122
85
68
55
83
56
95
70
92
109101
93
71
111
99
86
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
19
57
19
58
19
59
19
60
19
61
19
62
19
63
19
64
19
65
19
66
19
67
19
68
19
69
19
70
19
71
19
72
19
73
19
74
19
75
19
76
19
77
19
78
19
79
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
Rai
ny
d
ays
Years
Rainy days (Rain > 0) Thar Desert Rainy days Mean
25
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
No
of
Day
s
Weeks Jaisalmer
max rainy days mean rainy days
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1 3 5 7 9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
No
of
Day
s
Weeks Bikaner
Fig.3.2.2 Rainy days variability over different districts of Thar Desert
47
51
2121
56
42
26
43
37
32
46
1615
38
30
21
28
24
44
40
45
4949
40
4447
51
31
181918
27
39
48
28
46
25
52
3738
52
36
1718
32
15
39
26
33
44
4038
27
52
4343
10
20
30
40
50
60
19
57
19
59
19
61
19
63
19
65
19
67
19
69
19
71
19
73
19
75
19
77
19
79
19
81
19
83
19
85
19
87
19
89
19
91
19
93
19
95
19
97
19
99
20
01
20
03
20
05
20
07
20
09
20
11
Rai
ny
day
s
Years
Jaisalmer Rainy days Mean
5051
3737
59
50
35
484748
69
38
29
61
46
30
45
34
6561
52
6159
41
5248
68
32
3841
31
4342
52
29
61
31
4140
48
74
4039
31
48
29
66
38
60
55
62
68
52
7069
59
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
19
57
19
59
19
61
19
63
19
65
19
67
19
69
19
71
19
73
19
75
19
77
19
79
19
81
19
83
19
85
19
87
19
89
19
91
19
93
19
95
19
97
19
99
20
01
20
03
20
05
20
07
20
09
20
11
Rai
ny
day
s
Years
Bikaner
38
51
4545
65
3940
49
33
26
56
21
25
50
2932
50
22
5758
50
54
43
37
5456
52
36
2627
21
49
44
65
24
43
30
66
3841
64
49
3129
47
23
50
37
47
61
49
3533
54
48
39
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
19
57
19
59
19
61
19
63
19
65
19
67
19
69
19
71
19
73
19
75
19
77
19
79
19
81
19
83
19
85
19
87
19
89
19
91
19
93
19
95
19
97
19
99
20
01
20
03
20
05
20
07
20
09
20
11
Rai
ny
d
ays
Years
Barmer
59
68
4242
72
6157
60
4848
80
3231
6158
40
70
45
85
63
116
67
117
46
666968
47
39
4746
6563
75
57
67
58
79
55
70
84
54
3635
59
38
61
45
53
6660
56
18
81
6559
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
19
57
19
59
19
61
19
63
19
65
19
67
19
69
19
71
19
73
19
75
19
77
19
79
19
81
19
83
19
85
19
87
19
89
19
91
19
93
19
95
19
97
19
99
20
01
20
03
20
05
20
07
20
09
20
11
Ra
iny
d
ays
Years
Jodhpur
26
Fig. 3.2.3 Weekly normal and maximum rainy days over different disticts of Thar Desert
3.3 Probability Distribution of Weekly Rainfall
The weekly probability distributionof rainfall over Thar Desert is shown in
Fig.3.3.1. The prbability of weekly rain less than 5 mm during the periods 1st to 20th
week and 39th to 52nd week is even less than 25%. During peak monsoon season,the
probability of weekly rain less than 5 mm is more than 75% ; between 11 and 17 mm
is about 50% and more than 17mm is only 25%.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8N
o
of
Day
s
Weeks Barmer
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
No
o
f D
ay
s
Weeks Jodhpur
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
Ave
rage
R
ain
fall
(m
m)
WeeksFig. 3.3.1 Weekly probability distribution of average rain over Thar Desert
25% probability of rain 50% probabilty of rain 75% Probability of rain 90 % probaility of rain
27
Year to year weekly rainfall distribtion over Thar Desert is shown in Fig. 3.3.2.
Out of 52 weeks in a year, normally 27 weeks get rainfall. The distribution among weeks
is: 17 weeks between 0.1 and 5 mm; 3 weeks between 5 and 10 mm; 2 weeks between 10
and 15 mm; 1 weeks between 15 and 20 mm; 3 weeks between 20 and 50 mm; 1 weeks
between 50 and 100 mm; 06 weeks between 100 and 150 mm and 1 week between 150
to 200 mm rainfall. The average weekly rainfall in different ranges is shown in
Fig.3.3.3. In about 49% cases the weekly rainfall observed is less than 5 mm. The
rainfall range is 5 to 10 mm in 11% cases ; 10 to 15 mm in 7% cases ; 15 to 20 mm in
5% cases ; 20 to 50 mm in 15% cases ; 50 to 100 mm in 10% ; 100 mm to 150 mm in 0.5
% cases and in 150 mm to 200 mm in only 0.1 % cases.
Fig. 3.3.2 Fig. 3.3.3
Weekly Probability distribution of dry ( rain < 5mm ) and wet ( rain > 5 mm )
weeks under different conditions is shown in Fig. 3.3.4. It can be concluded that
probability of occurance of dry weather during different weeks of winter, first half of
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
19
57
19
59
19
61
19
63
19
65
19
67
19
69
19
71
19
73
19
75
19
77
19
79
19
81
19
83
19
85
19
87
19
89
19
91
19
93
19
95
19
97
19
99
20
01
20
03
20
05
20
07
20
09
20
11
Wee
ks
YearsFig. 3.3.2 Weekly Rainfall Distribution
Thar Desert
Rain > 200 mm 150<Rain<200mm100<Rain < 150 mm 50<Rain < 100 mm20<Rain < 50 mm 15<Rain < 20 mm
49.4%11.0%
7.2%
5.0%
15.5%
9.7%
0.5%0.1%
Fig.3.3.3 Weekly Average Rainfall Distribution in Different Range over Thar Desert
0<R<=5 5<R<=10 10<R<=15 15<R<=20
20<R<=50 50<R<=100 100<R<=150 150<R<=200
28
summer and post monsoon seasons is more than 80% . Probability of two successive
wet weeks is less than 20% during these seasons. Chances of rainy weeks gradually
increases from 20% (22nd week) to more than 90% ( 30th week) . The probability of
wet week during July and August months lies between 90 to 100%. The chances of
two successive wet weeks is about 60 to 80% during these two months . The
probability of wet week when its preceding week is dry, is also very high ( more
than 90% ) during these two months. All these prbabilitites gradually decease after
33rd week onwards and become even less than 20% during 40th week.
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1 3 5 7 9 11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
Pro
bab
ility
Weeks
Fig.3.3.4 Probabilities of Dry and Wet Weeks (Dry< 5mm) &(Wet > 5mm) Thar Desert
Probability of Dry WeekProbability of Wet WeekProbability of wet/wet weekProbability of Dry/Wet WeekProbability of Dry / Dry Week
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1 3 5 7 9 11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
Pro
bab
ility
Weeks
Fig .3.3.5 Probabilities of Dry and Wet WeeksRain -(Dry< 25 mm ) & ( Wet > 25 mm ) Thar Desert
Probability of Dry Week
Probability of Wet Week
Probability of Dry/Wet Week
Probability of Wet/ Wet Week
29
CHAPTER- IV
============================================================================
Winter Season
Winter season over the Thar Desert begins from December and lasts upto the
month of February. Peak winters are observed in January. Rainfall is realised over the
area during passage of western isturbances over the nortern parts of Rajasthan
interacting with easterly waves from south.
4.1 Monthly Rainfall Distribution
Monthly rainfall distribution over the Desert area is shown in Fig.4.1.1. The
lowest (1.6mm, 20% of seasonal rain) monthly rainfall is realised in December, the
highest ( 4.3 mm, 53% of seasonal rain) is realised in February and about 2.1mm (27%
of the seasonal rain ) in January.
Fig. 4.1.1 Monthly rainfall features during winter season over Thar Desert
The variability of monthly rainfall during winter season is shown in Fig.
4.1.2. It can be conluded that during this season the normal rainfall is 8 mm only.
During February month the total rainfall does not exceed 33mm while in December and
January the total monthly rainfall does not exceed 17 mm and 15 mm respectively. The
normal monthly rainfall during December, January and Febuary is 1.6 mm, 2.1 mm and
1.6 2.1
4.33 3 7
196
144162
17 1533
0
40
80
120
160
200
DEC JAN FEB
Rai
nfa
ll in
mm
& v
aria
bili
ty in
%
Months
MEAN
SD
CV%
HIGH
LOW
30
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Rain
fall
(m
m)
YearsFig. 4.2.1 Total Rainfall - Winter Season Thar Desert
Rainfall (mm) Linear (Rainfall (mm))
4.3 mm respectively along with their respective variability (CV) 196%, 144% and 162%.
Year to year monthly rainfall variability over the whole region is shown in Fig. 4.1.2.
4.2 Seasonal Rainfall Distribution
Seasonal rainfall variability during winter season, as shown in Fig. 4.2.1
indicates that long period average ( LPA) of winter rainfall is only 8mm with
Coefficient of Variation 107%. The highest rainfall ( 36 mm ) of this season was
observed during the year 2006 while no rainfall was observed during a number of
years. No significant trend in the seasonal rainfall is observed during the study period
of 56 years ( 1956-2012) over this desert region.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1957
1959
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
Rain
fall
in
m
m
YearsFig.4 .1.2 Monthly Rainfall Distribution Winter Season Thar Desert
December Rainfall January Rainfall February Rainfall
31
CHAPTER – V
=======================================================================
Summer Season
Practically, May and June are the main summer months over most parts of
the Thar Desert. This season begins from the month of March and lasts upto end of
June. The duration of this season is also of three months,but during most of the years
summers extend upto the end of June. Rainfall, during this season is generally
observed in the wake of thundery activities associated with dust storm during
afternoon or night hours.
5.1 Monthly Rainfall Distribution
Monthly rainfall distribution during Summer season is as shown in Fig. 5.1.1
which indicates that about 3.6 mm rainfall of this season is observed during
March, 3.9 mm in April and 10.1 mm in May. April is the driest month of this season.
The highest (216 %) rainfall variability is observed in March and the lowest (112%) in
May. The monthly rainfall has not exceeded 50 mm, 36 mm and 44 mm during March,
April and May months respectively . On the other hand nil rainfall has also been
reported during all these months of the year.
Fig. 5.1.1 Monthly rainfall features during summer season over Thar Desert
3.6 3.9 10
.1
8 7 11
213
176
112
5036
44
0
50
100
150
200
250
MAR APR MAY
Rai
nfa
ll in
mm
& v
aria
bili
ty in
%
Months
Mean
S D
c v
High
low
32
Year to year variability of monthly rain during summer season is as shown in
Fig. 5.1.2 which reveals that monthly rainfall is not significant (less than 10 mm) on
most ocassions during March and April during the study period. During the year 1967,
March month received about 50 mm of rainfall, which is highest monthly rainfall ever
recorded in this month. During the years 1982 and 1983, both April and May months
observed very good total rainfall (30 to 40 mm).
5.2 Seasonal Rainfall Distribution
Variability of the seasonal rainfall is shown in Fig. 5.1.3. It can be concluded
from the figure that average summer season rainfall of Thar Desert is 18 mm with 97%
of variability. The highest (77 mm) seasonal rainfall was observed during the year 1983
while the lowest (0.0 mm) during the year 1980 only. During early part of the season the
rainfall is not signficant. However, during the later part rainfall increases
considerably due to convective activities. During the study period of 56 years (1957-
2012), a slight rising trend in the seasonal rainfall is noticed over the desert area.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
19
57
19
59
19
61
19
63
19
65
19
67
19
69
19
71
19
73
19
75
19
77
19
79
19
81
19
83
19
85
19
87
19
89
19
91
19
93
19
95
19
97
19
99
20
01
20
03
20
05
20
07
20
09
20
11
Rain
fall
(
mm
)
Years
Fig. 5.1.2. Monthly Rainfall Distribution Summer Season Thar Desert
March Rain April Rain May Rain
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
19
57
19
59
19
61
19
63
19
65
19
67
19
69
19
71
19
73
19
75
19
77
19
79
19
81
19
83
19
85
19
87
19
89
19
91
19
93
19
95
19
97
19
99
20
01
20
03
20
05
20
07
20
09
20
11
Rain
fall
(m
m)
YearsFig.5.1.3 Summer Seasonal Rainfall
variability Thar Desert
summer rain Linear ( summer rain)
33
CHAPTER-VI
==============================================================================
Monsoon Season
This is the main rainy period in the Thar Desert. Most of the gross rainfall is
observed during this season only. Generally monsoon sets over the region during the
1st week of July and lasts upto the middle of September. Period from June to
September is considered as the Monsoon season for the district. Rainfall during this
season is observed on account of low pressure systems formed in the Bay of Bengal
and moving from east to NW direction and oscillation of the Monsoon trough from north
to south and vice versa from its normal position. On some ocassions the rainfall over
the area also occurs due to low pressure area formed over north Arabian ocean and its
movement towards south Rajasthan. Heavy rainfall over the region is generally realised
with the interaction of western disturbances and low pressure areas moving either from
Bay of Bengal or Arabian ocean over and around the region. During some years low
pressure areas formed over the north Arabian sea and their movement toward South
east Rajasthan also gave a very good amount of rainfall over this region.
6.1 Onset and Withdrawl of Monsoon
Monsoon generally sets over the Thar Desert during first week of July
and withdraws during middle of September. The year to year variability is shown in
Fig. 6.1.1.
34
27
-Ju
n
4-J
ul 1
6-J
ul
1-J
ul 1
3-J
ul
29
-Ju
n
3-J
ul 1
5-J
ul
28
-Ju
n 9-J
ul
22
-Ju
l
18
-Ju
l
6-J
ul 14
-Ju
l 24
-Ju
l
27
-Ju
l
1-J
ul
2-J
ul
1-J
ul
19
-Ju
l
13
-Ju
l
5-J
ul
30
-Ju
n 13
-Ju
l
30
-Ju
n 10
-Ju
l
29
-Ju
n
21
-Ju
n 2-J
ul
1-J
ul
27
-Ju
n
5-J
ul
18
-Ju
l
30
-Ju
n
27
-Ju
l
15
-Ju
l
10
-Ju
l
3-J
ul
6-J
ul
2-J
ul 10
-Ju
l
16
-Ju
n
7-S
ep 15
-Se
p
12
-Se
p
22
-Se
p
19
-Se
p 30
-Se
p
11
-Se
p
16
-Se
p
15
-Se
p
3-S
ep
3-S
ep
26
-Se
p
21
-Se
p
11
-Se
p
17
-Se
p
12
-Se
p
12
-Se
p
14
-Se
p
1-S
ep
18
-Se
p
17
-Se
p
21
-Se
p
16
-Se
p
11
-Se
p
12
-Se
p
18
-Se
p
7-S
ep
21
-Se
p
13
-Se
p
14
-Se
p 26
-Se
p
19
-Se
p
24
-Se
p
28
-Se
p
25
-Se
p
30
-Se
p
29
-Se
p
26
-Se
p
27
-Se
p
28
-Se
p
24
-Se
p
9-S
ep
1-Jun
21-Jun
11-Jul
31-Jul
20-Aug
9-Sep
29-Sep
19-Oct
19
72
19
73
19
74
19
75
19
76
19
77
19
78
19
79
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
Dat
es
Years
ONSET DATES MEAN 1 WITHDRAWAL DATES MEAN 2
Fig. 6.1.1 Onset and withdrawal dates of Monsoon over Thar Desert
6.2 Monthly Rainfall Distribution
Monthly rainfall distribution during monsoon season is as shown in Fig. 6.2.1
and Fig. 6.2.2. Only 14% and 16% rainfall of this season is observed during June and
September respectively. July and August are the main rainy months. Both these months
receive about 70% rainfall of the season. July gets the highest (36%) while August
receives about 34% rainfall of the season. The normal monthly rainfall of June, July,
August and September are 30 mm, 80 mm, 74 mm and 34 mm respectively. The highest
(108%) rainfall variability is noticed in the September month and the lowest (56%) in
July. During the study period, the monthly rainfall has not exceeded the limit of 185 mm,
184 mm, 297 mm and 133 mm in June, July, August and September months,
respectively.
35
Fig. 6.2.1 Fig. 6.2.2
Variability of monthly rainfall for all the four months together and each month
separately is shown in Fig. 6.2.3 to Fig 6.2.4. The highest monthly rainfall realised
during June, July, August and September months is 185 mm (year 1996), 184 mm (year
1995), 297 mm (year 1973) and 133 mm (year 1992) respectively and the lowest monthly
rainfall observed is 0.0 mm (year 1968), 0.0 mm (year 2002), 03 mm (year 1993) and 0.0
mm (year 1968) respectively.
JUN14%
JUL36%
AUG34%
SEP16%
Fig. 6.2.1 Monthly Rainfall Distribution - Monsoon Season
Thar Desert
JUN JUL AUG SEP
30
80
74
34
3144 52
37
10
2
56 7
1
10
8
185 184
297
133
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
JUN JUL AUG SEP
Rin
fall
in m
m a
nd
va
ria
bili
ty
in %
Months Fig. 6.2.2 Monthly Rainfall Parameters Monsoon
Season Thar Desert
Mean
SD
C V
High
Low
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
19
57
19
59
19
61
19
63
19
65
19
67
19
69
19
71
19
73
19
75
19
77
19
79
19
81
19
83
19
85
19
87
19
89
19
91
19
93
19
95
19
97
19
99
20
01
20
03
20
05
20
07
20
09
20
11
Rai
nfa
ll (
mm
)
Years
Fig. 6.2.3 Monthly Rainfall Distribution Monsoon Season Thar Desert
September Rain August Rain July Rain June Rain
36
Fig. 6.2 4 Monthly rainfall variability over Thar Desert during Monsoon Season
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
19
57
19
59
19
61
19
63
19
65
19
67
19
69
19
71
19
73
19
75
19
77
19
79
19
81
19
83
19
85
19
87
19
89
19
91
19
93
19
95
19
97
19
99
20
01
20
03
20
05
20
07
20
09
20
11
Rai
nfa
ll (
mm
)
YearsJune
June Rainfall Linear (June Rainfall)
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
19
57
19
59
19
61
19
63
19
65
19
67
19
69
19
71
19
73
19
75
19
77
19
79
19
81
19
83
19
85
19
87
19
89
19
91
19
93
19
95
19
97
19
99
20
01
20
03
20
05
20
07
20
09
20
11
Rai
nfa
ll (
mm
)
YearsJuly
July Rain Linear (July Rain)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
19
57
19
59
19
61
19
63
19
65
19
67
19
69
19
71
19
73
19
75
19
77
19
79
19
81
19
83
19
85
19
87
19
89
19
91
19
93
19
95
19
97
19
99
20
01
20
03
20
05
20
07
20
09
20
11
Rai
nfa
ll (
mm
)
YearsAugust
August Rainfall Linear (August Rainfall)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2001
95
71
95
91
96
11
96
31
96
51
96
71
96
91
97
11
97
31
97
51
97
71
97
91
98
11
98
31
98
51
98
71
98
91
99
11
99
31
99
51
99
71
99
92
00
12
00
32
00
52
00
72
00
92
01
1
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m )
YearsSeptember
September Rainfall Linear (September Rainfall)
37
6.3 Seasonal Rainfall Distribution
Variability of the seasonal rainfall is shown in Fig.6.3.1. The average seasonal
rainfall of the Thar Desert is about 218 mm with CV 42%. The highest (425 mm) rainfall
was realised during the year 1975 and the lowest (50 mm) during 2002. The year 1968,
1969, 1974 and 1987 were the severe drought years and 1961, 1973, 1975 and 2010
were the excess rainfall years for this region. No significant trend is noticed in the
monsoon seasonal rainfall over the Thar desert region of Rajasthan during the study
period of 56 years (1956-2012).
0
100
200
300
400
500
1957
1959
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
Ra
infa
ll i
n m
m
Years
Fig. 6.3.1 Monsoon Rainfall ( June to September ) Thar Desert
Monsoon Rainfall Linear (Monsoon Rainfall)
38
6.4 Monsoon Duration
Annual duration of monsoon is shown in Fig. 6.4.1 which reveals that average
duration of monsoonal rain over the district is about 10.3 weeks. However, the shortest
duration of 8 weeks was observed during the years 1974, 1981, and 1986 while the
longest duration of 13 weeks during the years 1977, 1999, 2002, 2005 and 2011.
However, duration of Monsoon season shows an increasing trend during the study
period of 56 years (1957-2012). Thus, an increase of two weeks is noticed in the duration
of monsoon season during past 57 years.
10 10
8
12
9
13
10
9
12
8
10
11
9
8
11 11
9 9 9
11 11
9
11
10 10
13
11 11
13
11
10
13
9
11
12 12 12
13
11
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
19
72
19
73
19
74
19
75
19
76
19
77
19
78
19
79
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
2006
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
2011
20
12
Wee
ks
Years
Fig.6.4.1 Monsoon Duration for Thar Desert
Monsoon Duration Linear (Monsoon Duration)
39
CHAPTER -VII
==============================================================================
Post Monsoon Season
After withdrawal of monsoon from the Thar Desert the dry and hot weather
prevails over the region in October and November. This period of two months is
referred to as the Post Monsoon season. Some times, rainfall is also realised over the
region during this season either due to the western disturbances moving from west to
east or late withdrawal of south-west monsoon.
7.1 Monthly Rainfall Distribution
Monthly rainfall parameters are shown in Fig.7.1.1 These figure reveal that about 5.2
mm of the seasonal rainfall (7.5 mm) of this season is realised during October and rest
2.3 mm during November. A large variability (of the order of 245%) in the total monthly
rainfall is observed in both the months. During the study period the highest (69 mm and
29 mm) monthly rainfall has been observed in October and November months,
respectively.
5.2
2.313
6
245 246
69
29
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
OCT NOV
Rai
nfa
ll in
mm
& v
aria
bili
ty i
n %
Months Fig.7.1.1 Monthly rainfall parameters
Post Monsoon Season
Mean
S D
C V
High
Low
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
19
57
19
59
19
61
19
63
19
65
19
67
19
69
19
71
19
73
19
75
19
77
19
79
19
81
19
83
19
85
19
87
19
89
19
91
19
93
19
95
19
97
19
99
20
01
20
03
20
05
20
07
20
09
20
11
Rin
fall
in
mm
Years
Fig. 7.1.2 Monthly Rainfall Distribution - Post Monsoon Season Thar Desert
October Rain November Rain
40
A large variability is observed in the monthly rainfall of October and November. The
highest (69.1mm) monthly total rainfall of this season has been observed during October
1998, while the corresponding figure for November is 29.4 mm (year 1981) Fig. 7.1.2.
7.2 Seasonal Rainfall Distribution
Seasonal rainfall variability during post monsoon period is shown in Fig. 7.2.1.
It shows that the average rainfall of post monsoon season over Thar Desert is only 7
mm with CV 184%. This season has a highest rainfall variability among all seasons.
The highest (69 mm) rainfall was recorded during the year 1998 and the lowest (0.0 mm)
during a number of years.
5
20
0 02
0
7
02 3
6
0 20 2 0 0
5
25
13
1
10
31
7
29
7 8
0 1 1 0
6
0 0 0
7
1 0
15
2
64
69
52
13
40
16
0
7
0 0 0
16
0 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
19
57
19
58
19
59
19
60
19
61
19
62
19
63
19
64
19
65
19
66
19
67
19
68
19
69
19
70
19
71
19
72
19
73
19
74
19
75
19
76
19
77
19
78
19
79
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
Rai
nfa
ll in
m
m
Years Fig. 7.2.1 Post Monsoon Seasonal Rainfall Thar Desert
Post monsoon rain Linear (Post monsoon rain)
41
CHAPTER - VIII
==============================================================================
Rainfall Features Annual
8.1 Thar Desert
Annual rainfall variability over Thar Desert is shown in Fig. 8.1.1 and Fig. 8.1.2.
It can be concluded that the average annual rainfall of Thar Desert is 251 mm with a CV
of 38%. The highest (461 mm) rainfall was realised during the year 1975 and the lowest
(73 mm) during 1968. The annual rainfall during 1975 was about 80% more than the long
period average (251 mm). During past 56 years, annual total rainfall remained excess
(rain > 19% of LPA) in 17 years, normal in 19 years (rain +19% to -19% of LPA), deficit in
16 years (rain -20% to -59% of LPA) and scanty in 3 years (rain <= -60% of LPA). Over
the study period 0f 56 years (1956-2012) the total annual rainfall over Thar Desert of
Rajasthan shows an increasing trend. However, no significant cyclic behaviour is
observed. An increase of about 20% has been observed during past 56 years. During
past 20 years about 70% of the years have observed more than LPA annual rainfall. Year
to year annual rainfall variability over Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Barmer and Jodhpur districts
of Thar Desert is shown in Fig. 8.1.3 to Fig. 8.1.7, Fig 8.2.1 & Fig 8.2.2 . The normal /
variability (CV) / highest / lowest annual rainfall over different regions of Thar Desert are
as: Jaisalmer (182mm / 49% / 391mm / 54mm), Bikaner (265mm / 36% / 518mm / 69 mm),
Barmer (267 mm / 54% / 707mm / 54mm) and Jodhpur (298 mm / 44% / 681 mm / 93
mm). Highest (298 mm) and lowest (182 mm) annual normal rainfall was observed at
Jodhpur and Jaisalmer districts respectively. Out of these four districts of Thar Desert,
three viz. Jaisalmer, Bikaner, and Barmer districts show an increasing trend in the
annual rainfall over the study period (1956 - 2012) while Jodhpur district does not show
any significant trend. Thus, extreme south west part of the Thar Desert shows an
incresing trend in the annual rainfall. Among all these four districts: Barmer district
shows the highest (54%) variability in the annual rainfall while lowest (36%) in Bikaner
district.
42
50
150
250
350
450
550
650
1957
1959
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
Rai
nfa
ll
(mm
)
YearsJodhpur
Annual Rain Linear (Annual Rain)
50
150
250
350
450
550
650
750
1957
1959
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
Rai
nfa
ll
(mm
)
Years. Barmer
Annual Rain Linear (Annual Rain)
Fig. 8.1.3 Annual rainfall variability over different districts of Thar Desert
50
150
250
350
450
550
1957
1959
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
Rai
nfa
ll
(mm
)
YearsFig.8.1.1 Annual Rainfall variability over
Thar Desert
Annual Rain Linear (Annual Rain)Poly. (Annual Rain)
-16
-15
-30
-30
55
-12
-50
-4-2
9 -23
4-6
9 -62
13
-19
-38
59
-49
80
49
39
817
-26
-20
13
55
-31
-44 -3
6-5
7-2
1-9
58
-50
43
243
2641
38
30
-8 -416
-73
31
-36
-927
818
-31
74
44
14
-140
-100
-60
-20
20
60
100
140
1957
1959
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
% D
ep
artu
re
YearsFig.8.1.2 %Deparure of Annual Rainfall from LPA
Thar Desert
% Dep Annual Rain
50
150
250
350
450
1957
1959
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
Rai
nfa
ll
(mm
)
YearsJaisalmer
Annual Rain Linear (Annual Rain)
50
150
250
350
450
550
1957
1959
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
Rai
nfa
ll
(mm
)
YearsBikaner
Annual Rain Linear (Annual Rain)
43
Fig 8.1.4 % Departure of annual rainfall from LPA over different districts of Thar Desert.
8.2 District Wise Annual Rainfall Distribution
The district-wise annual normal rainfall and rainy days are shown in Fig. 8.2.1
and Fig. 8.2.2. The figures show that the annual normal rainfall of different districts of
Thar Desert varies between 182 mm to 298 mm. Jodhpur district observed highest
annual rainfall of the order of 298 mm while Jaisalmer district observed only 182 mm
(lowest among the districts). The annual district wise rainy days vary between 35 to 59
days. The lowest (35 days) is observed in Jaisalmer district and the highest (59 days)
5-9
-39
-39
114
0-6
9-1
5-3
0-4
5 -26
-74
-82
15
-14
-62
114
-71
71
62
-51
-2-1
6-1
7-1
449
-35
-56-3
5-6
8-2
0-1
6-1
3-5
226
27
56
33 4
523
64
48
218
-76
17
-56
-851
40
23
-44
106
69
27
-140
-100
-60
-20
20
60
100
140
1957
1959
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
% D
ep
art
ure
YearsJaisalmer
% Dep Annual Rain
-26
-8-2
9-2
912
-6-5
535
-45
4 9-7
2-3
86
-17
-33
-1-1
144
25
49 5
9-7
-28
339
93
-33
-50
-11
-34 -1
53
12
-56
47
-19
12 2
068
58
21
-25
2 3-7
713
-41
11
-27
832
-21
61
28 36
-140
-100
-60
-20
20
60
100
140
1957
1959
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
% D
ep
art
ure
YearsBikaner
% Dep Annual Rain
-36
-33
-27
-27
99
-38
-35 -1
1-2
0-5
62
-81
-84
-1-2
7-3
099
-69
105
48
-27
8 13
-34
-39
-414
-23
-36
-57
-71
-31
-8168
-55
55
43
80
22
-327
28
-30
-519
-66
76
-28
-37
124
-66
-29
95
57
-21
-140
-100
-60
-20
20
60
100
140
180
220
1957
1959
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
% D
ep
art
ure
YearsBarmer
% Dep Annual Rain
3-8
-28
-28
23
-4-4
3-4
5-1
5-1
121
-46
-58
36
-16
-36
58
-69
115
73
131
-64
71
-21
-37
16
49
-32
-33
-51
-67
-20
-24
60
-34
39
-32
37
33 4
634
19
-5-1
830
-71
20
-19 -10
-20
-25
-36
46
32
9
-140
-100
-60
-20
20
60
100
140
1957
1959
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
% D
ep
art
ure
YearsJodhpur
% Dep Annual Rain
44
in Jodhpur district. The average annual rainy days of Thar Desert are 88 days. The
annual rainfall variability within the Thar Desert fluctuates from 36% to 54%. The lowest
(36%) variability was observed at Bikaner district and the highest (54%) at Barmer
district.
Fig 8.2.1 District wise annual rainfall, rainy days and variability
The annual district wise rainfall distribution in different range is shown in Fig
8.2.2. Normally, annual dry days over different districts of the Desert region vary from
307 to 331 days. Highest (331) number of dry days are observed over Jaisalmer district
and the lowest (307) over Jodhpur district. Daily rainfall of exceeding 15 mm over any
district occurs on 6 ocassions or less in a year. Out of 35 rainy days over Jaisalmer
district, 25 days observed less than 5 mm rainfall. In Jodhpur, Barmer and Bikaner
districts, these figures are 42 days out of 59 ; 28 days out of 43 and 33 days out of 48
respectively.
182
265 267
298
251
4936
5444 3835
48 4259
88
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Jaisalmer Bikaner Barmer Jodhpur Thar Desert
Rai
nfa
ll in
mm
, V
aria
bili
ty (
%) ,
Rai
ny
day
s (
day
s)
Regions
Average Rain
C V
Rainy days
45
Fig. 8.2.2 Rainy days over different districts of Thar Desert
331
35 256 2 1 1 0
84
%
16
% 38
%
7%
4%
2%
2%
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
4000 >0
0<R
<=5
5<R
<=10
10<R
<=15
15<R
<=20
20<R
<=50
50<R
<=10
0
Da
ys
Rain range Jaisalmer
Rainy/Dry days % Days
317
4833
8 4 2 3 0
84
%
16
% 38
%
7%
4%
2% 2%
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 >0
0<R
<=5
5<
R<
=1
0
10
<R
<=
15
15
<R
<=
20
20
<R
<=
50
50
<R
<=
10
0
Da
ys
Rain range Bikaner
323
4328
6 3 2 3 0
84
%
16
% 38
%
7%
4%
2% 2%
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0
>0
0<R
<=5
5<R
<=10
10<R
<=15
15<R
<=20
20<R
<=50
50
<R
<=
10
0
Da
ys
Rain range Barmer
307
5942
8 4 2 3 0
84
%
16
% 38
%
7%
4%
2% 2%
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
3500 >0
0<R
<=5
5<R
<=1
0
10<R
<=15
15<R
<=2
0
20<R
<=5
0
50<R
<=10
0
Day
s
Rain range Jodhpur
46
8.3 Station wise Rainfall Distribution
8.3.1 Jaisalmer District
The stations-wise annual normal rainfall and rainy days are shown in Fig.
8.3.1. It shows that the annual normal rainfall of different stations of Jaisalmer district
varies between 134 mm to 203 mm. Pokran station observes the highest (203 mm) and
Ramgarh station the lowest (134 mm) annual rainfall. The annual station wise rainy
days within the district vary between 8 to 13 days. The highest (13 days) is observed in
Pokran station and the lowest (8 days) in Ramgarh station.
The rainfall variability in different stations varies from 57% to 105%. The
lowest (57%) variability is observed in Jaisalmer and Nokh stations while the highest
(105%) in Sam. Almost all stations are showing the same (60 to 70%) variability except
the Sam, where it is quite large (105% CV).
195
176
203
134
180 186
11 9 13 8 9 10
5772
59 66
105
57
0
50
100
150
200
250
Jaisalmer Fatehgarh Pokran Ramgarh Sam Nokh
Rai
nfa
ll( m
m),
Rai
ny
day
s( d
ays)
, C
V (
%)
Stations
Fig. 8.3.1.1 Average Annual rainfall rainy days and rainfall variability within Jaisalmer district
Average rainfall Rainy days C Vi
47
8.3.2. Jodhpur District
The stations-wise annual normal rainfall and rainy days are shown in Fig.
8.3.2.1. Which shows that the annual normal rainfall of different stations of Jodhpur
district varies between 215 mm to 416 mm. Bilara station observed highest annual
rainfall of the order of 416 mm while Phalodi station observed only 215 mm (lowest
among the stations). The annual stations wise rainy days within the district varies
between 14 to 22 days. The highest (22 days) is observed in Bilara station and the
lowest (14 days) in Phalodi station.
The rainfall variability in different stations varies from 39% to 53%. The lowest
(39%) variability is observed in Osian station while the highest (53%) in Jaswant Sagar
and Shergarh.
359
215
416
243
287
343
20 14 22 16 18 16
46 44 46 5339
53
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Jodhpur Phalodi Bilara Shergarh Osian Jaswant sagar
Rai
nfa
ll( m
m) ,
Rai
ny
day
s (d
ays)
, va
riab
ility
(%)
Stations
Fig. 8.3.2.1 Average annual rainfall , rainy days and C V within Jodhpur district
Average rainfall Rainy days variability
48
8.3.3. Bikaner District
The station-wise annual normal rainfall and rainy days are shown in Fig.
8.3.3.1, which shows that the annual normal rainfall of different stations of Bikaner
district varies between 264 mm to 320 mm with the highest (320 mm) over Dungargarh
and the lowest (264 mm) over Bikaner station. The annual station wise rainy days within
the district varies between 16 to 20 days. The highest (20 days) is observed at Nokha
and the lowest (16 days) at Kolayat station.
The rainfall variability in different stations of district fluctuates from 38% to
56%. The lowest (38%) variability is observed at Bikaner station while the highest (56%)
at Kolayat.
264
296
268
315 320
17 18 16 20 19
3853 56
4552
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Bikaner Lunkaransar Kolayat Nokha Dungargarh
Rai
nfa
ll( m
m),
rRai
ny
day
s( d
ays)
&V
aria
bili
ty(%
)
Stations
Fig. 8.3.3.1 Average annual rainfall , rainy days and rainfall variability within Bikaner district
Average rainfall Rainy days C V
49
264288
246221
350
14 15 15 13 17
62 65 55 50 58
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Barmer Chohtan Pachpadra Sheo Siwana
Rai
nfa
ll( m
m)
Stations
Fig. 8.3.4.1 Average Annual rainfall within Barmer district
Average rainfall Rainy days C V
8.3.4 Barmer District
The station-wise annual normal rainfall and rainy days are shown in Fig.
8.3.4.1. It shows that the annual normal rainfall of different stations of Barmer district
varies between 221 mm to 350 mm with the highest (350 mm) at Siwana and the lowest
(221 mm) at Sheo. The annual station wise rainy days within the district varies between
13 to 17 days. The highest (17 days) is observed at Siwana and the lowest (13 days) at
Sheo.
The rainfall variability in different stations varies from 50% to 65%. The lowest
(50%) variability is observed in Sheo station while the highest (65%) in Chohtan.
50
CHAPTER – IX
==============================================================================
Extreme Rainfall
9.1. Jaisalmer District
The extreme rainfall observed on different temporal scales over different
stations of the Jaisalmer district is shown in Fig. 9.1.1 to Fig. 9.1.7. The highest / lowest
annual rainfall of Jaisalmer, Fatehgarh, Pokran, Ramgarh, Sam and Nokh stations are
(513 mm / 28 mm), (527 mm / 16 mm), (540 mm / 29 mm), (386 mm / 2 mm), (1304 mm / 8
mm) and (522 mm / 13 mm) respectively. The highest (1304 mm) and lowest (2 mm)
annual rainfall were realized in Sam and Ramgarh stations respectively. One day
highest rainfall of 204 mm on 16 August 1973 at Jaisalmer; 180 mm on 19 July 1993 at
Fatehgarh; 175mm on 21 June 1996 at Pokran; 180 mm on 21 September 1988 at
Ramgarh, 230 mm on 21 June 1996 at Nokh and 240 mm on 17 August 1973 at Sam.
513 527 540
386
1304
522
28 16 29 2 8 130
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Jaisalmer Fatehgarh Pokran Ramgarh Sam Nokh
Rai
nfa
ll i
n
mm
Stations
Fig. 9.1.1 Highest and lowest annual rainfall Jaisalmer district
Highest annual rainfall Llowest annual rainfall
51
57
363132
135
40
151530
19
4733
11
42
15
54
204
20
6154
3952
101
28
107
464128
402426
83
434141
61
180
25
75
48
21
61
189
6861
25
85
30
76
138
65
2816
8589
65
0
50
100
150
200
250
24 A
ugu
st 1
957
13 S
ep
tem
ber
195
84
July
195
94
July
196
026
Ju
ne
1961
11
Au
gust
19
62
13
Au
gust
19
63
30 M
ay 1
964
17 J
uly
196
53
Au
gust
196
69
Sep
tem
ber
196
77
July
196
814
Ju
ly 1
969
3 Ju
ly 1
970
23 M
ay 1
971
27 J
un
e 1
972
16 A
ugu
st 1
973
27 M
ay 1
974
22 J
un
e 19
7514
Ju
ly 1
976
18 J
un
e 19
7724
Ju
ly 1
978
04 A
ugu
st 1
979
28 J
un
e 19
8010
Au
gust
198
124
Ju
ly 1
982
28 J
uly
198
312
Au
gust
198
42
Ap
ril
1985
8 Se
pte
mb
er 1
986
9 M
ay 1
987
6 A
ugu
st 1
988
26 J
uly
198
91
1 A
ugu
st 1
99
021
Ju
ne
1991
31 J
uly
199
219
Ju
ly 1
993
16 J
uly
199
426
Ju
ly 1
995
21 J
un
e 19
9619
Oct
ob
er 1
997
3 Ju
ly 1
998
2 A
ugu
st 1
999
15 J
uly
200
014
Ju
ne
2001
31 M
ay 2
002
28 A
ugu
st 2
003
8 A
ugu
st 2
004
9 Se
pte
mb
er 2
005
6 A
ugu
st 2
006
24 A
ugu
st 2
007
12 J
uly
200
82
8 A
ugu
st 2
00
97
Jun
e 20
102
Sep
tem
ber
201
115
Au
gust
201
2
Rai
nfa
ll in
mm
Years
Fig.9.1.2 Highest one day rainfall - Jaisalmer
Highest one day rain
57
51
45
45
14
24
31
36
33
524 26 33
1130
43
58
16
531
48 54
25
25 2233
23 20 20 2615
24 224
223
40 4
722
18
05
675
5425
95
83
15
61
18
174
8 48
38
17
83
788
255
81
25
70
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
24
Au
gust
19
57
12
Se
pte
mb
er
19
58
10
Ju
ly 1
95
91
0 J
uly
19
60
26
Ju
ne
19
61
10
Ju
ly 1
96
21
2 S
ep
tem
be
r 1
96
31
8 A
ugu
st 1
96
41
2 J
uly
19
65
21
Ju
ne
19
66
30
Ju
ly 1
96
77
Ju
ly 1
96
81
4 J
uly
19
69
25
Se
pte
mb
er
19
70
30
Ju
ly 1
97
11
1 J
uly
19
72
15
Au
gust
19
73
27
May
19
74
29
Au
gust
19
75
14
Au
gust
19
76
15
Ju
ne
19
77
29
Se
pte
mb
er
19
78
4 A
ugu
st 1
97
93
0 J
uly
19
80
9 A
ugu
st 1
98
11
7 A
ugu
st 1
98
21
8 J
uly
19
83
11
Au
gust
19
84
17
Ju
ly 1
98
58
Au
gust
19
86
7 M
ay 1
98
71
6 J
uly
19
88
28
Ju
ly 1
98
96
Ju
ly 1
99
01
Au
gust
19
91
3 S
ep
tem
be
r 1
99
21
9 J
uly
19
93
12
Se
pte
mb
er
19
94
15
Ju
ly 1
99
52
1 J
un
e 1
99
68
Au
gust
19
97
16
Oct
ob
er
19
98
2 A
ugu
st 1
99
91
5 J
uly
20
00
4 J
uly
20
01
30
Ju
ne
20
02
10
uly
20
03
12
Au
gust
20
04
2 A
ugu
st 2
00
52
1 A
ugu
st 2
00
62
3 S
ep
tem
be
r 2
00
71
4 A
ugu
st 2
00
81
5 J
uly
20
09
7 J
un
e 2
01
01
1 J
uly
20
11
4 S
ep
tem
be
r 1
2
Rai
nfa
ll in
mm
Years
Fig. 9.1.3 Highest one day rainfall - Fatehgarh
Highest one day rain
52
67
25
42
42
71
36
21
43 52
35 36
201
24
44
13
25
71
46
0 65
62
166
94
02
6 31
50
35
69
32 4
5 532
21
230 25
59
11
76
21
75
55
80
80
78
291
85
62
74
23
37
16
82
41
16
115
31
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
23 J
uly
195
713
Se
pte
mb
er 1
958
9 A
ugu
st 1
959
1 A
ugu
st 1
960
24 J
un
e 19
6115
Ju
ly 1
962
30 J
uly
196
328
Au
gust
196
427
Au
gust
196
53
Au
gust
196
629
Ju
ne
1967
7 Ju
ly 1
968
17 A
ugu
st 1
969
30 A
ugu
st 1
970
19 J
uly
197
127
Ju
ne
1972
6 Ju
ly 1
973
27 M
ay 1
974
30 A
ugu
st 1
975
14 J
uly
197
617
Ju
ne
1977
27 J
uly
197
84
Au
gust
197
927
Ju
ly 1
980
11 J
uly
198
128
Ap
ril
1982
18 J
uly
198
316
Se
pte
mb
er 1
984
13 J
uly
198
512
Au
gust
198
611
Ju
ne
1987
1 Ju
ly 1
988
25 A
ugu
st 1
989
1 Se
pte
mb
er 1
990
1 A
ugu
st 1
991
3 Se
pte
mb
er 1
992
19 J
uly
199
33
July
199
416
Oct
ob
er 1
995
21 J
un
e 19
961
Jun
e 1
997
16 O
cto
ber
199
81
Au
gust
199
916
Ju
ly 2
000
14
Ju
ne
20
01
10 N
ove
mb
er 2
002
19
Ju
ne
20
03
8 A
ugu
st 2
004
30 J
un
e 20
0511
Au
gust
200
66
July
200
76
Au
gust
200
818
Ju
ne
2009
7 Ju
ne
2010
15 A
ugu
st 2
011
6 Se
pte
mb
er 2
012
Rai
nfa
ll i
n
mm
Years
Fig.9.1.4 Highest one day rainfall - Pokran
Highest one day rainfall
183
71
31
35
123 18
644
43
43
26 2
60
75
78
02
648
26
72
50
35
25
37
224
725
60
58
10 11
10
0 11
718
33
54 6
452
31
53
18
04
51
04
57
65
91
530 25
40
25
66 70
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
27 J
uly
19
575
Ju
ly 1
958
10 J
uly
195
910
Ju
ly 1
960
22 J
un
e 19
6114
Au
gust
196
21
3 A
ugu
st 1
963
13 J
un
e 1
964
21 M
ay 1
965
22 J
un
e 19
6623
Mar
ch 1
967
19 F
ebru
ary
196
81
5 A
ugu
st 1
969
15
Au
gust
197
012
May
197
116
Ap
ril 1
972
16 A
ugu
st 1
973
27 M
ay 1
974
6 Se
pte
mb
er 1
975
3 Se
pte
mb
er 1
976
8 Se
pte
mb
er 1
977
12 J
uly
197
818
Ju
ly 1
979
24 J
uly
198
023
Ju
ly 1
981
4 A
ugu
st 1
982
3 Se
pte
mb
er 1
983
22 J
uly
198
417
Ju
ly 1
985
9 A
ugu
st 1
986
23 J
un
e 19
876
Au
gust
198
82
8 A
ugu
st 1
989
4 A
ugu
st 1
990
22 J
uly
199
14
Sep
tem
ber
199
220
Ju
ly 1
993
9 J
uly
199
45
Sep
tem
ber
199
524
May
199
65
Oct
ob
er 1
997
21 S
ep
tem
ber
199
82
Au
gust
199
922
Ju
ly 2
000
4 J
uly
200
11
Jun
e 20
022
8 A
ugu
st 2
003
2 O
cto
ber
200
428
Ju
ly 2
005
28 J
un
e 20
0610
Feb
ruar
y 20
072
Au
gust
200
825
Ju
ly 2
009
1 A
ugu
st 2
010
2 Se
pte
mb
er 2
011
Rai
nfa
ll in
mm
Years
Fig. 9.1.5 Highest one day rainfall - Ramgarh
Highest one day rainfall
53
46
25
49
49
38
32
77
23
03
02
81
84
0 564
31
43
22
148
98
50
45
26
607
53
5 50
17
446
01
8 30 35
23 25
18
01
15
40
762
30
54
10
0 12
21
57
53
21
58
36
60
20
70
40 45
75
60
50
0
50
100
150
200
250
24 A
ugu
st 1
957
26 M
ay 1
958
10 J
uly
195
92
Au
gust
196
025
Ju
ne
1961
13 J
uly
196
231
Ju
ly 1
963
12 J
uly
196
416
Ju
ly 1
965
9 A
ugu
st 1
966
22
Au
gust
196
713
Ju
ly 1
968
17
Au
gust
196
924
Sep
tem
ber
197
028
Ju
ne
1971
7 Ju
ly 1
972
17 J
uly
197
39
Jun
e 19
7422
Ju
ly 1
975
7 Se
pte
mb
er 1
976
26 M
ay 1
977
22
Au
gust
197
86
Au
gust
197
912
Ju
ly 1
980
23 J
uly
198
11
6 A
ugu
st 1
982
12 J
un
e 1
983
3 Se
pte
mb
er 1
984
15 J
uly
198
529
May
198
62
6 A
ugu
st 1
987
1 Ju
ly 1
988
24 J
uly
198
923
Au
gust
199
01
Sep
tem
ber
199
19
Sep
tem
ber
199
220
Ju
ly 1
993
4 Se
pte
mb
er 1
994
27 J
uly
199
522
Ju
ne
1996
19 O
cto
ber
199
716
Oct
ob
er 1
998
23 M
ay 1
999
15 J
uly
200
026
Ju
ly 2
001
4 Ju
ne
2002
17 J
uly
200
39
Jun
e 20
0431
Ju
ly 2
005
6 A
ugu
st 2
006
30 J
un
e 20
076
Au
gust
200
812
Ju
ly 2
009
7 Ju
ne
2010
15
Au
gust
201
11
5 A
ugu
st 2
012
Rai
nfa
ll in
m
m
Years
Fig. 9.1.6 Highest one day rainfall - Nokh
Highest one day rainfall
3545
33 33
189
5842 51
3819 25 18
5
85
168
21
240
30
135
3929
4055
2435
50 47 50
22
60
2035
79
45
16
71 66
24
4930
77
160150
3820 22 26
6039 45
28 32 24
59
20 22
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
17 N
ove
mb
er 1
957
23 A
ugu
st 1
958
10 J
uly
195
92
Au
gust
19
60
26 J
un
e 19
619
Au
gust
19
62
30 A
ugu
st 1
963
14 A
ugu
st 1
964
28 J
uly
196
523
Ju
ne
1966
25 D
ece
mb
er 1
967
19
Fe
bru
ary
19
68
16 J
uly
196
926
Se
pte
mb
er 1
970
30 J
uly
197
120
Au
gust
197
217
Au
gust
197
327
Sep
tem
ber
197
43
Sep
tem
ber
197
56
Sep
tem
ber
197
629
May
197
714
Ju
ly 1
978
23
Oct
ob
er 1
979
28 J
un
e 19
8025
Ju
ly 1
981
15 A
ugu
st 1
982
3 S
ep
tem
be
r 19
8312
Au
gust
198
45
Au
gust
19
85
12 A
ugu
st 1
986
11 J
uly
198
730
Ju
ne
1988
26 J
uly
198
92
Sep
tem
ber
199
024
Au
gust
199
13
Se
pte
mb
er
1992
19 J
uly
199
32
July
199
428
Au
gust
199
56
Au
gust
19
96
21 J
un
e 19
9721
Se
pte
mb
er 1
998
2 A
ugu
st 1
99
94
July
200
012
Ju
ly 2
001
30 J
un
e 20
0226
Au
gust
200
33
Oct
ob
er 2
004
25 S
ep
tem
ber
200
58
Au
gust
200
61
0 F
eb
rua
ry 2
00
713
Ju
ne
2008
29 A
ugu
st 2
009
7 Ju
ne
2010
2 S
ep
tem
be
r 20
119
Se
pte
mb
er
2012
Rai
nfa
ll in
m
m
Years
Fig. 9.1.7 Highest one day rainfall - Sam
Highest one day rainfall
54
9.2. Jodhpur District
The extreme rainfall observed on different temporal scales over different
stations of the Jodhpur district is shown in Fig. 9.2.1 to Fig. 9.2.7. The highest / lowest
annual rainfall of Jodhpur, Phalodi, Bilara, Shergarh, Osian and Jaswant Sagar stations
are (815 mm / 91 mm), (486 mm / 14 mm), (1064 mm / 128 mm), (677 mm / 42 mm), (615
mm / 94 mm) and (1088 mm / 80 mm) respectively. The highest (1088 mm) and lowest
(14 mm) annual rainfall were realized at Jaswant Sagar and Phalodi stations
respectively. One day highest rainfall of 157 mm on 3 July 1990 at Jodhpur; 168 mm
on 12 July 1964 at Phalodi; 300 mm on 31 July 1999 at Bilara; 128 mm on 21July 1996 at
Shergarh; 125 mm on 10 June 1998 at Osian and 273 mm on 14 September 1957 at
Jaswant Sagar, was recorded.
815
486
1064
677615
1088
9114
128
4294 80
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Jodhpur Phalodi Bilara Shergarh Osian Jaswant sagar
Rai
nfa
ll i
n
mm
Stations
Fig. 9.2.1 Highest and Lowest tehsil wise annual rainfall of Jodhpur district
Highest annual rainfall Llowest annual rainfall
55
74
372829
78
5240
84
61566874
28
83
4951
81
36
70
140
78
45
108
5360
77
96
67
93
3539
6761
157
53
77
97
48
80
146
95
118122
70
88
20
63
30383226
82
4253
6562
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
24 A
ugu
st 1
957
8 Ju
ly 1
958
28 J
un
e 19
5925
Ju
ne
1960
12 S
ep
tem
ber
196
113
Ju
ly 1
962
9 Se
pte
mb
er 1
963
18 A
ugu
st 1
964
31 J
uly
196
54
Au
gust
196
614
Au
gust
196
711
Ju
ly 1
968
13 S
ep
tem
ber
196
911
Au
gust
197
012
Au
gust
197
117
Au
gust
197
213
Ju
ne
1973
14 J
uly
197
419
Ju
ly 1
975
9 Se
pte
mb
er 1
976
28 J
un
e 19
7722
Au
gust
197
818
Ju
ly 1
979
27 J
uly
198
028
Se
pte
mb
er 1
981
7 M
ay 1
982
27 J
uly
198
312
Au
gust
198
431
May
198
529
Ju
ly 1
986
13 J
un
e 19
8716
Ju
ly 1
988
28 A
ugu
st 1
989
3 Ju
ly 1
990
22 J
uly
199
19
Sep
tem
ber
199
218
Ju
ly 1
993
2 Ju
ly 1
994
27 J
uly
199
55
Au
gust
199
68
Au
gust
199
710
Ju
ne
1998
1 A
ugu
st 1
999
13 J
uly
200
011
Ju
ly 2
001
21 S
ep
tem
ber
200
219
Ju
ne
2003
1 A
ugu
st 2
004
3 Ju
ly 2
005
21 A
ugu
st 2
006
5 A
ugu
st 2
007
3 A
ugu
st 2
008
18 J
uly
200
914
Au
gust
201
010
Au
gust
201
113
Au
gust
201
2
Rai
nfa
ll in
mm
Years
Fig. 9.2.2 Highest one day rainfall - Jodhpur
Highest one day rain
65535755
36
5248
168
60
94
3226
82
56
3836
6465
123
74
58
7
73
5747
36
110
55
7868
44465039
15
67
25
6356
115
333847
3544
16
59
19
3530
45
30
15
3735
21
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
24
Au
gust
195
720
Ju
ly 1
958
6 Ju
ly 1
959
1 Ju
ly 1
960
22 J
un
e 19
6115
Ju
ly 1
962
1 A
ugu
st 1
963
12 J
uly
196
431
Ju
ly 1
965
4 A
ugu
st 1
966
24 J
uly
196
77
July
196
81
7 A
ugu
st 1
969
10 J
uly
197
02
7 A
ugu
st 1
971
20
Au
gust
197
27
Au
gust
197
317
Ju
ly 1
974
13 J
uly
197
517
Ju
ly 1
976
18 J
un
e 19
7712
Fe
bru
ary
1978
4 A
ugu
st 1
979
30 J
uly
198
026
Ju
ne
1981
28 A
pri
l 198
23
Sep
tem
ber
198
321
Se
pte
mb
er 1
984
13 J
uly
198
530
May
198
615
Ju
ly 1
987
1 Ju
ly 1
988
5 Ju
ly 1
989
13 J
un
e 19
902
5 A
ugu
st 1
991
9 Se
pte
mb
er 1
992
12 S
ep
tem
ber
19
931
4 A
ugu
st 1
994
16 O
cto
ber
199
522
Ju
ne
1996
26 A
ugu
st 1
997
26
Au
gust
199
81
Au
gust
199
915
Ju
ly 2
000
10
Au
gust
200
127
Ju
ne
2002
6 Ju
ly 2
003
8 A
ugu
st 2
004
27 J
uly
200
52
0 A
ugu
st 2
006
6 Ju
ly 2
007
5 A
ugu
st 2
008
25 J
uly
200
97
Jun
e 20
1016
Ju
ly 2
011
31
Au
gust
12
Rai
nfa
ll in
mm
Years
Fig. 9.2.3 Highest one day rainfall - Phalodi
Highest one day rain
56
37
60 63
59
81
63
41
93
70
53 6
96
84
81
00 11
35
31
33
55
14
01
31
10
04
9
27
25
93
75
91
44
55
83
79
43 47
72
16
54
27
34
21
55
12
94
11
29
42
30
08
53
3 43
66 74 82 9
79
5 10
92
8 35
75
63
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
35024
Au
gust
195
73
Sep
tem
ber
195
811
Au
gust
195
91
Au
gust
196
018
Ju
ly 1
961
18 J
uly
196
227
Ju
ne
1963
26 J
un
e 19
6430
Ju
ly 1
965
7 Se
pte
mb
er 1
966
3 A
ugu
st 1
967
11 J
uly
196
817
Ju
ly 1
969
11 A
ugu
st 1
970
29 J
un
e 19
7123
Au
gust
197
214
Au
gust
197
320
Au
gust
197
416
Ju
ly 1
975
6 A
ugu
st 1
976
20 J
uly
197
728
Au
gust
197
817
Ju
ly 1
979
12 J
uly
198
022
Ju
ly 1
981
25 J
uly
198
227
Ju
ly 1
983
4 Se
pte
mb
er 1
984
16 J
uly
198
529
Ju
ly 1
986
19 A
ugu
st 1
987
14 J
uly
198
827
Au
gust
198
96
Au
gust
199
023
Au
gust
199
15
Sep
tem
ber
199
226
Ju
ne
1993
13 A
ugu
st 1
994
26 J
uly
199
518
Ju
ne
1996
8 A
ugu
st 1
997
28 A
ugu
st 1
998
31 J
uly
199
922
Ju
ly 2
000
11 J
uly
200
123
Au
gust
200
25
July
200
31
Au
gust
200
429
Ju
ly 2
005
26 S
ep
tem
ber
200
65
July
200
75
Au
gust
200
818
Ju
ly 2
009
8 Se
pte
mb
er 2
010
11 A
ugu
st 2
011
14 A
ugu
st 2
012
Rai
nfa
ll i
n
mm
Years
Fig. 9.2.4 Highest one day rainfall - Bilara
Highest one day rainfall
55.9
35.6 45
.741
.155
.928
.520
.4 30.8
30 36
62.8
23.6
16
38
2818
.476
.212
31
93
436
49
86
422
.443
52.8
18.2
4325
13
47.6
31
93
37
12
34
4 45.
67
71
28
66
50 50
64
40
355
326 25
60
88
40
206
75
64
70
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
23 A
ugu
st 1
957
13 S
ep
tem
ber
195
86
July
195
91
Au
gust
196
05
Sep
tem
ber
196
112
Se
pte
mb
er 1
962
12 S
ep
tem
ber
196
320
Au
gust
196
414
May
196
54
Au
gust
196
627
Ju
ly 1
967
7 Ju
ly 1
968
12 A
ugu
st 1
969
10 J
uly
197
027
Au
gust
197
121
Au
gust
197
219
Au
gust
197
312
Ju
ly 1
974
10
Jun
e 19
752
Au
gust
197
626
Ju
ly 1
977
15 J
uly
197
819
Ju
ly 1
979
27 J
uly
198
024
Ju
ly 1
981
22 J
uly
198
212
Au
gust
198
312
Au
gust
198
417
Ju
ly 1
985
12 A
ugu
st 1
986
23 M
ay 1
987
27 J
uly
198
83
Sep
tem
ber
198
96
July
199
030
Au
gust
199
19
Sep
tem
ber
199
24
Sep
tem
ber
199
313
Ju
ly 1
994
26 J
uly
199
52
1 Ju
ne
1996
8 A
ugu
st 1
997
10
Jun
e 19
981
Au
gust
199
922
Ju
ly 2
000
11 A
ugu
st 2
001
26
Jun
e 20
0210
Ju
ly 2
003
1 O
cto
ber
200
43
July
200
521
Au
gust
200
63
0 Ju
ne
2007
5 Ju
ne
2008
29 A
ugu
st 2
009
3 A
ugu
st 2
010
2 Se
pte
mb
er 2
011
8 Se
pte
mb
er 2
012
Rai
nfa
ll in
mm
Years
Fig. 9.2.5 Highest one day rainfall - Shergarh
Highest one day rainfall
57
73
52
2725
4253
31
59
87
114
39
70
4047
29
5250
103115
45
93
32
7363
43
67
86
101
383336
62
83
60
40
96
32
8280
96
58
125
95
5955
16
98
33
68
45
30
4344
121
41
70
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
23 A
ugu
st 1
957
12 s
epte
mb
er 1
958
22 A
ugu
st 1
959
2 A
ugu
st 1
960
26 J
uly
196
113
Ju
ly 1
962
12 A
ugu
st 1
963
26 J
uly
196
431
Ju
ly 1
965
4 A
ugu
st 1
966
9 Se
pte
mb
er 1
967
11 J
uly
196
818
Au
gust
196
910
Au
gust
970
12 A
ugu
st 1
971
21 A
ugu
st 1
972
15 A
ugu
st 1
973
17 J
uly
197
419
Ju
ly 1
975
9 Se
pte
mb
er 1
976
28 J
un
e 19
7714
Au
gust
197
817
Ju
ly 1
979
30 J
uly
198
022
Ju
ly 1
981
25 J
uly
198
228
Ju
ly 1
983
4 Se
pte
mb
er 1
984
14 J
uly
198
515
Au
gust
198
623
May
198
727
Ju
ly 1
988
28 A
ugu
st 1
989
4 Ju
ly 1
990
27 J
uly
199
19
Sep
tem
ber
199
216
Ju
ly 1
993
10 J
uly
199
427
Ju
ly 1
995
22 J
un
e 19
9627
Oct
ob
er 1
997
10 J
un
e 19
981
Au
gust
199
922
Ju
ly 2
000
24 J
uly
200
11
Sep
tem
ber
200
228
Au
gust
200
318
Ju
ne
2004
31 J
uly
200
528
Ju
ne
2006
6 Ju
ly 2
007
2 A
ugu
st 2
008
25 J
uly
200
96
Au
gust
201
016
Ju
ly 2
011
8 Se
pte
mb
er 2
012
Rai
nfa
ll in
m
m
Years
Fig. 9.2.6 Highest one day rainfall - Osian
Highest one day rainfall
27
38
056 52
11
64
54
19
97
633
70
68 65 8
07
04
91
03
50
11
3 14
244 41 6
040 35 41
55 60 7
094
52 54 6
589 8
95
735
21
39
743
12
68
026
09
1 95
2040
12
38
84
91
32
7025
51 42
41
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
14 S
ep
tem
ber
S1
957
3 Se
pte
mb
er 1
958
30
Ju
ly 1
95
92
Au
gust
196
04
Sep
tem
ber
196
11
8 J
uly
19
62
29 J
un
e 1
963
27 J
un
e 1
964
30
Ju
ly 1
96
55
Au
gust
196
62
6 J
uly
19
67
11
Ju
ly 1
96
817
Au
gust
196
99
July
19
7028
Ju
ne
197
123
Au
gust
197
214
Au
gust
197
31
4 J
uly
19
74
16
Ju
ly 1
97
56
Au
gust
197
62
9 J
uly
19
77
3 A
ugu
st 1
978
18
Ju
ly 1
97
928
Ju
ne
198
02
2 J
uly
19
81
24
Ju
ly 1
98
25
Au
gust
198
331
Au
gust
198
41
6 J
uly
19
85
29
Ju
ly 1
98
619
Au
gust
198
71
4 J
uly
19
88
17
Ju
ly 1
98
95
July
199
05
July
19
9111
Au
gust
199
226
Ju
ne
199
313
Au
gust
199
42
6 J
uly
19
95
22 J
un
e 1
996
8 A
ugu
st 1
997
10 J
un
e 1
998
31
Ju
ly 1
99
92
2 J
uly
20
00
17
Ju
ly 2
00
126
Ju
ne
200
219
Ju
ne
200
313
Au
gust
200
42
July
20
0530
Ju
ne
200
65
July
20
075
Au
gust
200
81
8 J
uly
20
09
1 A
ugu
st 2
010
16
Ju
ly 2
01
114
Au
gust
201
2
Rai
nfa
ll in
m
m
Years
Fig. 9.2.7 Highest one day rainfall - Jaswant Sagar
Highest one day rainfall
58
9.3 Bikaner District
The extreme rainfall observed on different temporal scales over different
stations of the Bikaner district is shown in Fig. 9.3.1 to Fig. 9.3.6. The highest / lowest
annual rainfall of Bikaner, Lunkaransar, Kolayat, Nokha and Dungargarh stations are
(559 mm / 32 mm), ( 783 mm / 64 mm), (894 mm / 60 mm), (769 mm / 71 m) and (904 mm /
64 mm) respectively. The highest (904 mm) and lowest (32 mm) annual rainfall were
realized at Dungargarh and Bikaner respectively. One day highest rainfall of 139 mm on
29 July 2011 at Bikaner; 233 mm on 24 July 2000 at Lunkaransar; 138 mm on 6 August
1973 at Kolayat; 134 mm on 23 June 1996 at Nokha and 262 mm on 26 July 1983 at
Dungargarh, was recorded.
559
783
894
769
904
3264 60 71 64
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Bikaner Lunkaransar Kolayat Nokha Dungargarh
Rai
nfa
ll i
n
mm
Stations
Fig. 9.3.1 Tehsil wise Highest and Lowest annual rainfall
Highest annual rainfall Llowest annual rainfall
59
375
8 60
55
55
47 5
23
8 42
694
51
15
04
73
45
43
48
837
57
76
47
31
20
12
75
54
830 29
70
42
28
825
18
47
4 789
56
48
62
171
42
80
40
76
42
55
67
810
84
07
06
213
95
8
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
13 A
ugu
st 1
957
3 Se
pte
mb
er 1
958
16 J
un
e 1
959
4 Ju
ly 1
960
5 Se
pte
mb
er 1
961
21 S
ep
tem
ber
196
231
Au
gust
196
328
Au
gust
196
418
Ju
ly 1
965
9 A
ugu
st 1
966
25 M
arch
196
719
Au
gust
196
818
Ju
ly 1
969
25 S
ep
tem
ber
197
03
Jun
e 19
714
Jun
e 1
972
17 J
uly
197
318
Ju
ly 1
974
19 J
uly
197
516
Ju
ne
197
617
Se
pte
mb
er 1
977
9 Ju
ly 1
978
6 Se
pte
mb
er 1
979
11 J
uly
198
017
Ju
ly 1
981
2 A
ugu
st 1
982
25 J
uly
198
316
Au
gust
198
416
Au
gust
198
524
Ju
ne
1986
12 J
un
e 19
871
Oct
ob
er 1
988
21 J
uly
198
931
May
199
022
May
199
118
Au
gust
199
28
July
199
312
Ju
ly 1
994
28 J
uly
199
518
Ju
ne
1996
26 A
ugu
st 1
997
16 O
cto
ber
199
812
Ju
ne
1999
23 J
uly
200
014
Ju
ne
2001
31 D
ece
mb
er 2
002
6 Ju
ly 2
003
22 S
ep
tem
ber
200
422
Ju
ly 2
005
22 O
cto
ber
200
611
Feb
ruar
y 20
073
Jun
e 20
0812
Ju
ly 2
009
3 Se
pte
mb
er 2
010
29 J
uly
201
19
Sep
tem
ber
201
2
Rai
nfa
ll in
mm
Years
Fig. 9.3.2 Highest one day rainfall - Bikaner
Highest one day rain
559
17
77
76
750
30
5745
98
5422
70
36
30
58 53 5845
74
70
94
40 42
65
11
858
34 45
30
60
30
51 5021
453
03
01
04
34
97
78
41
23
36
524
72
19
10
03
16
3 741
07 11
51
09
15
30
50
100
150
200
250
15 J
uly
195
72
Sep
tem
ber
195
810
Ju
ly 1
959
4 Ju
ly 1
960
25 J
uly
196
118
Ju
ly 1
962
13 A
ugu
st 1
963
19
Au
gust
196
431
Ju
ly 1
965
4 A
ugu
st 1
966
11 D
ece
mb
er 1
967
9 Ju
ly 1
968
15 J
uly
196
919
Feb
ruar
y 19
7010
Se
pte
mb
er 1
971
25
Au
gust
197
212
Se
pte
mb
er 1
973
19 J
uly
197
43
1 A
ugu
st 1
975
1 A
ugu
st 1
976
24 J
uly
197
7 22
Ju
ly 1
978
20 J
uly
197
96
July
198
03
No
vem
be
r 1
98
12
Au
gust
198
215
Ap
ril
1983
16
Au
gust
198
414
Ju
ly 1
985
29 J
uly
198
612
Ju
ne
1987
25 J
uly
198
825
Se
pte
mb
er 1
989
11 A
ugu
st 1
990
20 J
un
e 19
9124
Ju
ly 1
992
5 Se
pte
mb
er 1
993
1 Ju
ly 1
994
16 A
ugu
st 1
995
4 A
ugu
st 1
996
7 D
ece
mb
er 1
997
26 A
ugu
st 1
998
20 J
uly
199
924
Ju
ly 2
000
22 M
ay 2
001
31 D
ece
mb
er 2
002
6 Ju
ly 2
003
2 Se
pte
mb
er 2
004
17 J
uly
200
526
Ju
ly 2
006
11 F
ebru
ary
2007
14 A
ugu
st 2
008
31 A
ugu
st 2
009
22 J
uly
201
06
Sep
tem
ber
201
124
Au
gust
12
Rai
nfa
ll in
mm
Years
Fig. 9.3.3 Highest one day rainfall - Lunkaransar
Highest one day rain
60
43
17
40
40
25 32
26
90
58
68
97
35
605
42
13
51
38
43
55
447
57
23
9 50
32
655
97
22
61
9 24
55
732
52
07
57
05
55
280
10
08
87
03
58
91
380
34
67
56
53
75
45
62
35
70
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
28 J
un
e 1
957
22 A
ugu
st 1
958
2 Ju
ly 1
959
1 A
ugu
st 1
960
9 A
ugu
st 1
961
21 S
epte
mb
er 1
962
31 A
ugu
st 1
963
26 J
uly
196
419
Ju
ly 1
965
4 A
ugu
st 1
966
3 A
ugu
st 1
967
6 Ju
ly 1
968
15 J
uly
196
923
Se
pte
mb
er 1
970
28 J
un
e 19
7127
Ju
ne
1972
6 A
ugu
st 1
973
16 J
uly
197
419
Au
gust
197
516
Au
gust
197
617
Se
pte
mb
er 1
977
4 Ju
ly 1
978
14 O
cto
ber
197
930
Ju
ly 1
980
16 J
uly
198
12
Au
gust
198
225
Ju
ly 1
983
21 A
ugu
st 1
984
16 J
uly
198
56
Au
gust
198
68
May
198
730
Ju
ne
1988
23 A
ugu
st 1
989
4 A
ugu
st 1
990
24 D
ece
mb
er 1
991
21 J
uly
199
215
Ju
ne
1993
24 J
uly
199
424
Ju
ly 1
995
13 J
un
e 19
963
Jun
e 1
997
16 O
cto
ber
199
820
Ju
ly 1
999
16 J
uly
200
025
Ju
ly 2
001
11 N
ove
mb
er 2
002
6 Ju
ly 2
003
18 J
un
e 20
044
July
200
530
Ju
ne
200
611
Fe
bru
ary
2007
6 A
ugu
st 2
008
22 M
arch
200
98
Jun
e 20
1011
Ju
ly 2
011
15 A
ugu
st 2
012
Rai
nfa
ll i
n
mm
Years
Fig.9.3.4 Highest one day rainfall - Kolayat
Highest one day rainfall
29
61
34 347
08
16
76
63
17
161
47 5
539
56
344
84
68
28
079
56
296
57
955
85
80
3527 3
08
35
6 61
21
75
52
43
351
34
64
411
20
10
95
328
71
60
40 419
030
246
0 67
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
15 J
uly
195
725
Se
pte
mb
er 1
958
7 Ju
ly 1
959
10 J
uly
196
028
Au
gust
196
119
Ju
ly 1
962
2 A
ugu
st 1
963
5 Ju
ly 1
964
31 J
uly
196
54
Au
gust
196
618
Sep
tem
ber
196
711
Ju
ly 1
968
17 A
ugu
st 1
969
25 S
ep
tem
ber
197
021
Ju
ly 1
971
27 J
un
e 19
7229
Au
gust
197
318
Ju
ly 1
974
19 A
ugu
st 1
975
7 S
ep
tem
be
r 1
97
617
Sep
tem
ber
197
719
Ju
ly 1
978
26
May
19
79
6 A
ugu
st 1
980
17 J
uly
198
128
Ap
ril 1
982
25 J
uly
198
316
Au
gust
198
417
Ju
ly 1
985
2 Ju
ly 1
986
9 M
ay 1
98
727
Ju
ly 1
988
23 J
uly
198
912
Ju
ly 1
990
21 J
uly
199
119
Au
gust
199
215
Ju
ne
1993
26 J
uly
199
427
Au
gust
199
523
Ju
ne
1996
3 Ju
ne
1997
16 O
cto
ber
199
820
Ju
ly 1
999
17 J
uly
200
07
Au
gust
200
11
Se
pte
mb
er
20
02
10 J
uly
200
312
Au
gust
200
414
Se
pte
mb
er 2
005
26 J
uly
200
623
Au
gust
200
711
Au
gust
200
816
Ju
ne
2009
8 Ju
ne
2010
16 A
ugu
st 2
011
Rai
nfa
ll in
mm
Years
Fig.9.3.5 Highest one day rainfall - Nokha
Highest one day rainfall
61
9.4 Barmer District
The extreme rainfall observed on different temporal scales over different
stations of the Barmer district is shown in Fig. 9.4.1 to Fig. 9.4.6. The highest / lowest
annual rainfall of Barmer, Chohtan, Pachpadra, Sheo and Siwana stations are (759 mm /
37 mm), (875 mm / 36 mm), (590 mm / 37 mm), (525 mm / 31 m) and (1052 mm / 34 mm)
respectively. The highest (1052 mm) and lowest (31 mm) annual rainfall were realized at
Siwana and Sheo stations respectively. One day highest rainfall of 312 mm on 8 August
1990 at Barmer; 267 mm on 7 August 1990 at Chohtan; 152 mm on 26 July 1995 at
Pachpadra; 170 mm on 19 July 1993 at Sheo and 205 mm on 18 August 1973 at Siwana ,
was recorded.
24
14
98
3 83 74
31 4
93
41
9 32
76
14
72
681
33
59
52 6
45
89
5 110
21
32
04
6 52
74
26
27
23
2 41
377
63
96
83
7 46 47
31
75
11
564
50
10
55
95
52
31
41
20
58
38
365
34
8 59
42
32
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
20 A
ugu
st 1
957
30 S
ep
tem
ber
195
816
Ju
ne
1959
2 Ju
ly 1
960
28 A
ugu
st 1
961
19 J
uly
196
230
Ju
ly 1
963
12 J
uly
196
425
Au
gust
196
511
May
196
64
Au
gust
196
711
Ju
ly 1
968
25 J
uly
196
912
Au
gust
197
029
Au
gust
197
124
Au
gust
197
29
Au
gust
197
315
Ju
ly 1
974
17 J
uly
197
56
Au
gust
197
617
Sep
tem
ber
197
721
Ju
ly 1
978
25 M
ay 1
979
6 A
ugu
st 1
980
16 J
uly
198
12
Au
gust
198
226
Ju
ly 1
983
16 S
ep
tem
ber
198
414
Ju
ly 1
985
16 A
ugu
st 1
986
12 J
un
e 1
987
25 J
uly
198
824
Se
pte
mb
er 1
989
3 Ju
ly 1
990
22 M
ay 1
991
6 O
cto
ber
199
226
Ju
ly 1
993
15 J
uly
199
44
Au
gust
199
519
Ju
ne
1996
4 O
cto
ber
199
73
July
199
819
Ju
ly 1
999
17 J
uly
200
09
Au
gust
200
13
Sep
tem
ber
200
210
Ju
ly 2
003
7 A
ugu
st 2
004
10 S
ep
tem
ber
200
52
Jun
e 2
006
17 S
epte
mb
er 2
007
13 J
uly
200
830
May
200
919
Au
gust
201
027
Ju
ly 2
011
14 J
uly
201
2
Rai
nfa
ll in
m
m
Years
Fig. 9.3.6 Highest one day rainfall - Dungargarh
Highest one day rainfall
62
759
875
590525
1052
37 36 37 31 34
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Barmer Chohtan Pachpadra Sheo Siwana
Rai
nfa
ll i
n
mm
Stations
Fig. 9.4.1 Station wise Highest and Lowest annual rainfall
Highest annual rainfall Llowest annual rainfall
38 43
98
92 93
60 54
467
136
591
6 25 22
6933
21
01
89
59
42
97
04
318
6434 4
2 591
30
29 41 62 57
31
22
2 47
15
28
03
58
46
1 86
68 60
48
281
28
38
25
17
130 32 4
37
1 774
30
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
24 A
ugu
st 1
957
26 S
epte
mb
er 1
958
6 Ju
ly 1
959
2 Ju
ly 1
960
26 J
un
e 1
961
17
Au
gust
19
62
13
Sep
tem
ber
196
32
7 A
ugu
st 1
96
430
Ju
ly 1
965
23 J
un
e 1
966
25 M
arch
196
77
July
19
681
2 A
ugu
st 1
96
95
Au
gust
197
030
Ju
ly 1
971
21 A
ugu
st 1
972
18 A
ugu
st 1
973
27 M
ay 1
974
16 J
uly
19
7514
Ju
ly 1
976
9 Ju
ly 1
977
15
July
197
86
Au
gust
197
921
Ju
ne
198
026
Se
pte
mb
er 1
981
18 A
ugu
st 1
982
1 Ju
ly 1
983
12 A
ugu
st 1
984
17 J
uly
19
859
Au
gust
198
615
Ju
ly 1
987
19
July
198
825
Au
gust
198
98
Au
gust
199
019
Ju
ly 1
991
9 Se
pte
mb
er 1
992
18 J
uly
19
932
July
19
9426
Ju
ly 1
995
21
Ju
ne
1996
8 A
ugu
st 1
997
10 J
un
e 1
998
22 M
ay 1
999
14 A
ugu
st 2
000
9 A
ugu
st 2
001
29 J
un
e 2
002
29 J
uly
20
031
Au
gust
200
422
May
200
522
Au
gust
200
62
Sep
tem
ber
200
711
Ju
ly 2
008
24
July
200
912
No
vem
ber
20
1031
Au
gust
201
18
Sep
tem
ber
201
2
Rai
nfa
ll in
mm
Years
Fig. 9.4.2 Highest one day rainfall - Barmer
Highest one day rain
63
24
22
51
49
10
23
61
96
54
62
27
69 1
04
0 52 55
16
02
81
05
74
59 63
62
56 49
105
50
84
59
85
27
72
60
26
76
21
64
87
10
774
97
50
11
01
15
50
79
23
92
46 6
01
40
28
55
45
771
17
40
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
21 A
ugu
st 1
957
28 N
ove
mb
er 1
958
21 A
ugu
st 1
959
6 Ju
ly 1
960
25 J
un
e 19
6116
Au
gust
196
230
Au
gust
196
312
Au
gust
196
428
Au
gust
196
58
Sep
tem
ber
196
621
Au
gust
196
71
Au
gust
196
814
Ju
ly 1
969
24 S
ep
tem
ber
197
030
Ju
ly 1
971
10 J
uly
197
218
Au
gust
197
318
Oct
ob
er 1
974
30 A
ugu
st 1
975
16 J
uly
197
630
Ju
ne
1977
19
Ju
ne
1978
4 A
ugu
st 1
979
26 J
un
e 19
8026
Se
pte
mb
er 1
981
18 A
ugu
st 1
982
18 J
uly
198
36
Au
gust
198
44
Au
gust
198
531
May
198
615
Ju
ly 1
987
19 J
uly
198
825
Au
gust
198
97
Au
gust
199
019
Ju
ly 1
991
8 Se
pte
mb
er 1
992
19 J
uly
199
38
Sep
tem
ber
199
427
Au
gust
199
520
Ju
ne
1996
28 J
uly
199
710
Ju
ne
1998
22 M
ay 1
999
16 J
uly
200
012
Au
gust
200
129
Ju
ne
2002
29 J
uly
200
328
Ju
ne
2004
31 J
uly
200
58
Sep
tem
ber
200
623
Se
pte
mb
er 2
007
12 J
uly
200
824
Ju
ly 2
009
2 Ju
ly 2
010
10 A
ugu
st 2
011
9 Se
pte
mb
er 1
2
Rai
nfa
ll in
mm
Years
Fig.9.4.3 Highest one day rainfall - Chohtan
Highest one day rain
80
322523
58
1816
48
31
79
44
1622
99
73
19
46
22
100
50
25
47
85
50524860
20
4131
44
2725
81
32
56
40
73
152
103
63
145
79
57
75
5564
7162
150
65
127
6364
95
37
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
24 A
ugu
st 1
957
12 J
uly
19
5815
Ju
ne
195
91
July
19
6012
Sep
tem
ber
196
118
Ju
ly 1
962
10 S
ep
tem
ber
196
38
July
19
6417
Ju
ly 1
965
8 Se
pte
mb
er 1
966
25 M
arch
196
728
May
196
817
Ju
ly 1
969
24 S
ep
tem
ber
197
026
Ju
ne
1971
20 A
ugu
st 1
972
15 A
ugu
st 1
973
27 S
ep
tem
ber
197
47
Sep
tem
ber
197
56
Sep
tem
ber
197
628
Ju
ly 1
977
15
Ju
ly 1
97
818
Ju
ly 1
979
27 J
uly
19
8010
Au
gust
198
16
May
198
23
Sep
tem
ber
198
35
Sep
tem
ber
198
416
Ju
ly 1
985
29 J
uly
19
8613
Ju
ne
198
716
Ju
ly 1
988
27 A
ugu
st 1
989
6 Ju
ly 1
990
16 J
uly
19
919
Sep
tem
ber
199
218
Ju
ly 1
993
9 Se
pte
mb
er 1
994
26 J
uly
19
9521
Ju
ne
199
68
Au
gust
199
710
Ju
ne
199
81
Au
gust
199
915
Ju
ly 2
000
12 J
uly
200
12
Sep
tem
ber
200
22
3 J
uly
20
03
11 A
ugu
st 2
004
3 Ju
ly 2
005
20 A
ugu
st 2
006
6 A
ugu
st 2
007
14 A
ugu
st 2
008
24 J
uly
20
0923
Ju
ly 2
010
9 Ju
ly 2
011
14 A
ugu
st 2
012
Ra
infa
ll i
n
mm
Years
Fig. 9.4.4 Highest one day rainfall - Pachpadra
Highest one day rainfall
64
57
28
57
551
55
32 37
56
70
36 43
13
36
23
51
38
93
701
18
44
35
59
41
34
27 32
32
26
45
30
15 18
783
25
04
11
70
69 7
767
49
69 7
7 87
76
32
53 55
51
13
05
23
58
062
72
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
25 A
ugu
st 1
957
5 Ju
ly 1
958
19 A
ugu
st 1
959
10 J
uly
196
02
6 J
un
e 1
96
111
Se
pte
mb
er 1
962
30 J
uly
196
321
Au
gust
196
428
Ju
ly 1
965
3 A
ugu
st 1
966
22 M
arch
196
713
Mar
ch 1
968
14 J
uly
196
93
July
197
030
Ju
ly 1
971
21 A
ugu
st 1
972
17 A
ugu
st 1
973
27 M
ay 1
974
16 J
uly
197
58
Sep
tem
ber
197
611
Ju
ly 1
977
12 N
ove
mb
er 1
978
4 A
ugu
st 1
979
5 Ju
ly 1
980
25 J
uly
198
122
Ju
ly 1
982
25 J
uly
198
35
July
198
45
Au
gust
198
511
Au
gust
198
623
May
198
718
Au
gust
198
820
Au
gust
198
911
Au
gust
199
024
Au
gust
199
14
Sep
tem
ber
199
219
Ju
ly 1
993
2 Ju
ly 1
994
26 J
uly
199
52
1 J
un
e 1
99
68
Au
gust
199
716
Oct
ob
er 1
998
21
Ju
ne
19
99
16 J
uly
200
025
Ju
ly 2
001
28
Ju
ne
20
02
29 J
uly
200
33
Oct
ob
er 2
004
3 A
ugu
st 2
005
23 A
ugu
st 2
006
6 A
ugu
st 2
007
11 J
uly
200
826
Ju
ly 2
009
24 J
uly
201
014
Au
gust
201
1
Rai
nfa
ll in
mm
Years
Fig.9.4.5 Highest one day rainfall - Sheo
Highest one day rainfall
178
375148
155
99
5165
5056
119
31
15
8995
77
205
87
132
46
122
45
7478
4857
79
485035
2821
61
196
40
98
162
70
121
92
180192
109
42
97
54
122
4740
91
62
139
48
92
49
68
0
50
100
150
200
250
24 A
ugu
st 1
957
26 S
ep
tem
ber
195
83
July
195
92
July
196
05
Sep
tem
ber
19
611
2 J
uly
19
62
26 N
ove
mb
er
1963
13 A
ugu
st 1
964
26 A
ugu
st 1
965
4 A
ugu
st 1
966
25 M
arch
196
77
July
196
81
6 J
uly
19
69
2 Se
pte
mb
er 1
970
30
Ju
ly 1
97
120
Au
gust
197
218
Au
gust
197
327
May
197
41
6 J
uly
19
75
26 A
ugu
st 1
976
28
Ju
ly 1
97
72
5 J
uly
19
78
18 J
un
e 19
792
7 J
uly
19
80
3 N
ove
mb
er
1981
25
Ju
ly 1
98
23
Sep
tem
ber
19
8312
Au
gust
198
41
6 J
uly
19
85
29
Ju
ly 1
98
625
Ju
ne
198
74
Au
gust
198
816
Au
gust
198
96
July
199
02
2 J
uly
19
91
8 Se
pte
mb
er 1
992
18
Ju
ly 1
99
314
Au
gust
199
42
6 J
uly
19
95
21 J
un
e 19
9621
Ju
ne
1997
10 J
un
e 19
981
Au
gust
199
92
July
200
01
2 J
uly
20
01
26 J
un
e 20
0218
Ju
ne
2003
1 A
ugu
st 2
004
2 A
ugu
st 2
005
20
Au
gust
200
61
0 J
uly
20
07
13 A
ugu
st 2
008
18
Ju
ly 2
00
92
3 J
uly
20
10
9 Ju
ly 2
011
12
Ju
ly 2
01
2
Rai
nfa
ll in
m
m
Years
Fig. 9.4.6 Highest one day rainfall - Siwana
Highest one day rainfall
65
Acknowledgment
This work was taken up to know the rainfall structure over the most driest
region (Thar Desert ) of Rajasthan state and also of the country having the highest
rainfall variability in the country and thereby meet the demand of different departments
of state government of Rajasthan, research scholars, print and electronic media,
general public, planners and industrialists. Authors are grateful to Dr. L.S. Rathore,
Director General of Meteorology, India Meteorological Department for providing all
facilities to complete this work. Authors also like to thank to Shri Ashok Kumar Sharma
and Shri Alok Kulshrestha, SA for collection of data, computation work and valuable
assistance. Support rendered by the officers and staff of the office of Additional
Director General of Meteorology (Research), Pune for designing, typesetting and
printing this publication is duly acknowledged. Thanks are also due to Group Cap.
Ravindra Vishen , Scientist „E‟ for his valuable suggestions.
References
1. Singh, O. P. , Singh, S. S. , Surender Kumar ,”Rainfall Profile of Jaipur”, Met. Monograph
Hydrology No. 14/2012.
2. Singh, O. P. , Singh, S. S. , Surender Kumar ,” Rainfall Profile of Udaipur”, Met .
Monograph Hydrology No. 15/2013
3. “http://waterresources.rajasthan.gov.in/”, Rajasthan Government website.
4. “ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thar_Desert “, Encyclopedia website .
5. “http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/rajasthan/geography-history/desert.html”, Website
6. “http://www.rajasthan.gov.in/DistrictProfile/ “, Rajasthan Government website.
7. “http://barmer.nic.in/”, Rajasthan Government website.
8. “http://jaisalmer.nic.in/” , Rajasthan Government website.
9. “http://jodhpur.nic.in/ “, Rajasthan Government website.
10. “http://bikaner.nic.in/ “, Rajasthan Government website.
66
Table-1: Seasonal Rainfall of Thar Desert (1957-2012)
Years
Rainfall (mm)
Years % Departure from LPA
Jun-Sep Oct-Nov Dec-Feb Mar-May Total Jun-Sep Oct-Nov Dec-Feb Mar-May
1957 171.3 5.5 1.8 17.3 195.8 1957 -21.4 -26.1 -77.3 -1.8
1958 183.8 19.7 7.0 2.5 213.0 1958 -15.7 165.4 -10.0 -85.8
1959 167.0 0.0 7.0 1.3 175.2 1959 -23.4 -100.0 -9.9 -92.8
1960 167.0 0.0 22.6 1.3 190.8 1960 -23.4 -100.0 191.7 -92.8
1961 357.5 2.0 2.1 12.3 373.9 1961 64.0 -73.2 -72.8 -30.2
1962 202.9 0.2 0.9 15.3 219.3 1962 -7.0 -97.9 -87.8 -12.9
1963 111.2 7.1 0.7 7.7 126.6 1963 -49.0 -4.5 -90.9 -56.4
1964 230.6 0.0 3.7 10.1 244.5 1964 5.7 -99.6 -51.9 -42.4
1965 162.9 2.2 11.4 8.9 185.3 1965 -25.3 -70.6 46.9 -49.6
1966 169.0 2.6 0.0 9.3 180.9 1966 -22.5 -65.2 -100.0 -47.0
1967 183.6 6.3 24.3 53.5 267.6 1967 -15.8 -15.1 213.2 204.3
1968 64.2 0.4 1.8 6.4 72.8 1968 -70.5 -95.2 -76.9 -63.7
1969 88.8 1.8 20.6 3.1 114.3 1969 -59.3 -76.0 165.9 -82.3
1970 256.6 0.0 2.7 5.7 265.0 1970 17.7 -100.0 -65.0 -67.7
1971 175.4 1.7 1.9 24.0 203.1 1971 -19.5 -76.7 -75.5 36.6
1972 149.6 0.2 0.3 3.5 153.6 1972 -31.4 -97.1 -96.7 -79.9
1973 388.5 0.2 1.0 8.5 398.2 1973 78.1 -96.8 -86.7 -51.6
1974 93.4 4.9 0.9 28.3 127.5 1974 -57.2 -33.7 -88.2 61.0
1975 425.0 24.8 9.1 1.9 460.8 1975 94.9 234.4 17.0 -89.4
1976 344.2 12.8 8.4 8.0 373.4 1976 57.9 72.6 8.4 -54.7
1977 319.9 0.7 10.7 18.9 350.2 1977 46.7 -91.2 38.0 7.7
1978 240.7 10.0 27.2 8.0 285.8 1978 10.4 34.6 251.0 -54.6
1979 197.0 31.3 3.0 35.6 266.9 1979 -9.7 321.4 -61.8 102.9
1980 159.8 7.0 13.4 10.0 190.1 1980 -26.7 -5.6 72.5 -43.1
1981 149.6 29.4 12.0 16.9 207.9 1981 -31.4 296.4 54.3 -3.8
1982 188.2 7.1 1.6 75.9 272.9 1982 -13.7 -3.8 -79.7 332.2
1983 304.1 7.8 3.0 76.8 391.6 1983 39.5 5.0 -61.8 337.1
67
1984 170.2 0.1 0.0 1.1 171.4 1984 -21.9 -98.9 -100.0 -94.0
1985 118.3 0.7 8.5 21.6 149.1 1985 -45.8 -91.2 10.1 23.1
1986 130.1 0.6 3.3 21.9 155.9 1986 -40.4 -91.5 -57.5 24.5
1987 67.8 0.0 1.5 34.7 104.1 1987 -68.9 -100.0 -80.2 97.4
1988 181.9 5.5 9.2 10.4 207.0 1988 -16.6 -25.4 18.1 -41.1
1989 216.1 0.4 16.8 1.5 234.7 1989 -0.9 -94.8 116.7 -91.6
1990 354.1 0.2 4.5 24.4 383.2 1990 62.4 -96.7 -42.2 38.7
1991 101.9 0.1 14.8 17.2 134.1 1991 -53.2 -98.1 91.1 -2.0
1992 334.3 6.8 4.4 5.5 351.0 1992 53.3 -8.5 -42.7 -68.5
1993 244.6 1.3 7.8 6.0 259.6 1993 12.1 -83.0 1.2 -66.1
1994 341.7 0.0 16.3 9.1 367.2 1994 56.7 -100.0 110.3 -48.1
1995 280.0 14.7 6.8 5.5 307.0 1995 28.4 98.1 -12.7 -69.0
1996 307.7 1.7 0.8 37.9 348.2 1996 41.1 -77.2 -89.1 115.9
1997 242.2 64.3 17.6 32.7 356.8 1997 11.1 765.9 127.6 86.0
1998 236.2 69.1 9.7 10.9 325.8 1998 8.3 830.5 24.7 -38.2
1999 171.5 4.7 0.5 44.0 220.8 1999 -21.3 -36.1 -93.8 150.7
2000 231.4 2.1 1.1 5.9 240.5 2000 6.1 -71.3 -86.4 -66.6
2001 247.2 12.8 0.9 30.0 290.9 2001 13.4 72.5 -88.7 70.8
2002 50.2 3.7 24.4 9.1 87.5 2002 -77.0 -49.9 215.2 -48.3
2003 305.6 0.5 0.9 3.5 310.5 2003 40.2 -93.5 -88.0 -80.1
2004 135.4 16.0 14.7 7.2 173.3 2004 -37.9 115.3 90.2 -59.2
2005 191.5 0.0 0.0 23.9 215.4 2005 -12.2 -100.0 -100.0 35.9
2006 284.0 6.9 35.7 25.5 352.1 2006 30.2 -6.5 360.3 45.0
2007 210.5 0.2 2.3 26.8 239.7 2007 -3.5 -97.8 -70.0 52.4
2008 239.2 0.0 14.3 45.9 299.4 2008 9.7 -100.0 83.9 161.4
2009 152.2 0.4 3.1 16.0 171.7 2009 -30.2 -94.5 -60.4 -8.7
2010 411.3 15.6 14.8 5.1 446.7 2010 88.6 109.6 91.4 -71.2
2011 341.7 0.2 0.4 7.0 349.2 2011 56.7 -97.7 -95.0 -60.0
2012 260.5 1.4 0.0 23.1 285.1 2012 19.5 -80.6 -100.0 31.4
Mean 218.1 07.4 07.8 17.6 250.8
SD 90.9 13.7 08.3 17.0 94.6
CV 41.7 184.4 107.2 96.6 37.7
68
District: Jodhpur
Table2.1: Stations wise Annual Rainfall (in mm), Variability and District Rainfall Statistics
Stations/District 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973
Jodhpur 272.4 307.1 218.2 215 354.8 280.1 259 373.2 284.9 362.6 610.8 187.2 103.7 631.8 268.5 237 651.8
Phalodi 216.7 238.2 170.9 165 316.5 365.7 154.3 346.6 201 255 215.4 98 134.2 374.3 187.7 130.8 354.3
Bilara 343.5 303.1 309.4 301 477.5 314.3 233.1 490.7 472.2 268.4 558.2 278.6 233 642.6 429.9 161 622.8
Shergarh 199.9 249.3 229.1 225 305.3 191.5 119.8 172.3 170 148.4 289.8 61.2 59.8 224.5 151.8 92.6 400.6
Osian 237 190.4 190.1 185 283.8 215.7 98.6 200.2 299.9 344 346 213 128 375.4 226.3 202.3 340.2
Jaswant Sagar 594.7 400.6 273.3 269 531.9 287.2 147.7 408.9 362.9 92 507.5 241 179 561 329 163 586
JODHPUR DIST. ( Mean AM) 310.7 281.5 231.8 226.7 378.3 275.8 168.8 332.0 298.5 245.1 421.3 179.8 139.6 468.3 265.5 164.5 492.6
SD 148.2 72.8 51.7 51.0 102.0 63.9 63.6 123.2 110.0 106.8 159.6 84.2 60.2 168.9 101.6 51.0 142.7
CV% 48 26 22 22 27 23 38 37 37 44 38 47 43 36 38 31 29
MEAN(WT) 263.6 257.0 209.4 204.2 343.1 288.1 153.8 307.6 255.7 248.0 341.0 145.9 128.0 407.4 226.6 151.0 429.3
DIFFERENCE 47.1 24.4 22.4 22.5 35.2 -12.3 15.0 24.4 42.8 -3.0 80.2 34.0 11.6 60.8 38.9 13.4 63.3
Stations/District 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Jodhpur 194.4 708.9 645.1 386.2 441.7 572.2 250.2 279.4 451.2 441.9 294.5 209.1 175 165 322.3 304 815
Phalodi 206.9 433.6 383 255 14.4 254 217 195 257 486 145 196.5 168 227.8 166 140 250
Bilara 315.8 1056.5 760 653.9 285.5 1063.9 245.1 182 408 703.1 318 279 278 201.5 442.9 341.6 628
Shergarh 42 273 445 259 382 317 235.2 97.4 249.8 355 110 182.3 64.2 77.9 274.8 229.8 403.2
Osian 298.4 615 361 348.9 269.3 258.5 340.6 204 313 378 255.2 164 173 140 269 256 346
Jaswant Sagar 104.2 1088 752 106 251.1 244 240 111 232 361 263.5 268.3 217 167 377.1 379.6 450.8
JODHPUR DIST. ( Mean AM) 193.6 695.8 557.7 334.8 274.0 451.6 254.7 178.1 318.5 454.2 231.0 216.5 179.2 163.2 308.7 275.2 482.2
SD 106.8 328.1 183.4 183.9 146.9 324.7 43.6 66.7 91.3 132.2 84.0 46.8 70.1 51.9 95.9 85.8 205.8
CV% 55 47 33 55 54 72 17 37 29 29 36 22 39 32 31 31 43
MEAN(WT) 191.0 565.1 476.5 304.8 209.7 361.9 249.2 178.0 293.8 445.9 195.4 202.0 162.9 171.2 259.1 228.6 395.7
DIFFERENCE 2.7 130.7 81.2 30.1 64.3 89.7 5.5 0.1 24.7 8.3 35.7 14.5 16.3 -8.0 49.6 46.6 86.4
69
Stations/District 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Jodhpur 232.5 526 232 396 374 521.1 572.1 577 357.5 273 527 91 359 182 283 210
Phalodi 55.5 252 178 311 143 265 287 233 156 146 251 63 221 79 111 142
Bilara 303.4 496 256 571 581 357 588 321 524 274 336 149 353 496 510 455
Shergarh 204 374 239.6 293.6 377 385 323 240 235 232 346 72.8 353 103 109 221
Osian 211 424 201 544 428 478 387 431 298 192 322 94 483 192 262 205
Jaswant Sagar 272.2 499.6 234 549 556 407 364 321.2 438 274.5 510 80 295 497 411 292
JODHPUR DIST. ( Mean AM) 213.1 428.6 223.4 444.1 409.8 402.2 420.2 353.9 334.8 231.9 382.0 91.6 344.0 258.2 281.0 254.2
SD 86.0 103.2 28.5 126.3 157.8 90.6 128.6 130.7 134.3 53.4 111.0 30.4 86.3 189.7 160.1 109.4
CV% 40 24 13 28 39 23 31 37 40 23 29 33 25 73 57 43
MEAN(WT) 165.2 370.8 209.7 397.0 328.1 367.7 368.7 315.2 267.7 203.1 335.2 81.3 321.2 181.3 210.2 212.2
DIFFERENCE 47.9 57.8 13.8 47.1 81.7 34.4 51.5 38.7 67.1 28.8 46.8 10.3 22.8 76.9 70.8 42.0
Stations/District 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Mean SD CV % AREA Sq.
Km. STATIONS RAINY DAYS Highest lowest
Jodhpur 205 475.9 156 511 314 480 359.5 165.6 46.1 1875.52 Jodhpur 20 815 91
Phalodi 204 207 64 314 293 172 215.5 95.7 44.4 7657.65 Phalodi 14 486 14
Bilara 417 384 128 339 476 395 416.3 193.4 46.5 1653.27 Bilara 22 1064 128
Shergarh 359 255 67 676.5 566 279.5 242.8 128.7 53.0 3812.88 Shergarh 16 677 42
Osian 200 270.5 139 435 385 416 286.8 112.5 39.2 3502.94 Osian 18 615 94
Jaswant Sagar 445 256 96 317 303 265 343.4 180.6 52.6 1653.27 Jaswant Sagar 16 1088 80
JODHPUR DIST. ( Mean AM) 305.0 308.1 108.3 432.1 389.5 334.6 310.7 118.1 38.0 20155.53
SD 115.1 101.1 38.5 142.7 110.6 114.7 75.9
CV% 38 33 36 33 28 34 24 MEAN 18
MEAN(WT) 270.0 270.7 94.0 424.2 378.4 289.3 273.4 SD 3
DIFFERENCE 35.0 37.4 14.3 7.9 11.1 45.3 37.3 CV % 17
70
District: Barmer
Table2.2: Stations wise Annual Rainfall (in mm), Variability and District Rainfall Statistics
Stations/District 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973
Barmer 182.5 192.2 258.6 255 535.6 168.2 193.6 284.4 308.7 87 235.2 37.1 63.5 163.7 157 113.8 498.9
Chohtan 137.7 156.1 203.5 200 645.4 135.6 123 365.8 126.9 87.8 334.8 39.5 36.4 154 161 165.5 492.5
Pachpadra 130.7 159.4 162.7 155 404.1 71.9 73.5 188.5 168.6 163 276.8 47.4 37 311.3 204.9 112 230.4
Sheo 145.5 146.7 201.1 197 525.1 117.2 178.5 285.3 157.4 123.9 275.2 30.8 70.5 139.8 205 199.1 429.7
Siwana 381.5 271.2 253.8 250.2 904.3 360.1 222.1 343.5 228 215 460 97 34.3 563.3 248.1 238.6 785.2
BARMER DIST. ( Mean AM) 195.6 185.1 215.9 211.4 602.9 170.6 158.1 293.5 197.9 135.3 316.4 50.4 48.3 266.4 195.2 165.8 487.3
SD 105.8 51.1 40.2 41.6 188.9 111.5 59.5 68.7 72.0 54.4 87.8 26.7 17.2 179.8 37.5 54.8 198.9
CV% 54 28 19 20 31 65 38 23 36 40 28 53 36 68 19 33 41
MEAN(WT) 171.0 170.8 208.8 204.4 573.4 146.3 153.6 293.4 181.6 126.2 303.0 43.6 51.7 220.7 191.9 167.4 456.7
DIFFERENCE 24.6 14.3 7.1 7.1 29.5 24.3 4.5 0.1 16.3 9.1 13.4 6.8 -3.4 45.7 3.3 -1.6 30.6
Stations/District 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Barmer 50 518.4 509.8 145.8 336.2 205.7 89 212.4 192.6 310.3 245.8 249 97.8 101.2 170.6 266.2 748.2
Chohtan 112 536.6 437 273 231 257.5 212.9 158.4 317.4 249.5 246.4 146 153 40.3 319.5 237.5 761.1
Pachpadra 79 589.6 339 203 237.4 409 144 200 232 317.7 123.3 95.4 84 128 141 148.3 428
Sheo 90 329.8 303.4 179 303 171 150 114 148.4 164 112 104 98 40 96 268.4 174
Siwana 151 743.7 284.1 423.9 309 402.6 258.7 246.4 387 446.3 224.1 174 140 110 132 304 1052
BARMER DIST. ( Mean AM) 96.4 543.6 374.7 244.9 283.3 289.2 170.9 186.2 255.5 297.6 190.3 153.7 114.6 83.9 171.8 244.9 632.7
SD 37.8 148.8 95.8 110.4 46.6 110.9 65.8 51.2 96.3 103.5 67.1 62.1 30.1 41.1 86.7 58.9 338.4
CV% 39 27 26 45 16 38 39 27 38 35 35 40 26 49 50 24 53
MEAN(WT) 93.8 495.3 369.8 226.1 279.8 262.5 166.2 167.9 234.6 262.1 177.3 141.1 113.0 71.8 171.8 243.3 533.8
DIFFERENCE 2.6 48.3 4.9 18.8 3.5 26.7 4.7 18.4 20.9 35.4 13.1 12.6 1.6 12.1 0.0 1.5 98.8
71
Stations/District 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Barmer 49 413 386 608 179 225 365 325 172 222 264 126 475 220 140
Chohtan 94.5 498.2 285 619 313 285.8 344 575 251 254 467 72 474 182 200
Pachpadra 144 430 231 430 401 216 382 339 249 225.5 236 167 506 291 266
Sheo 171 333 396 354 331 290 265 225 223 356 325 81 267 187 176
Siwana 178.4 555.6 443.1 408 274 346 543 450 288 249 271 107 609 262 223
BARMER DIST. ( Mean AM) 127.4 446.0 348.2 483.8 299.6 272.6 379.8 382.8 236.6 261.3 312.6 110.6 466.2 228.4 201.0
SD 54.8 84.9 87.2 121.6 81.6 53.2 101.6 133.8 42.9 54.8 92.1 38.1 124.3 47.4 47.6
CV% 43 19 25 25 27 20 27 35 18 21 29 34 27 21 24
MEAN(WT) 130.9 424.2 344.0 473.3 310.8 272.3 347.9 366.4 233.5 278.0 328.6 103.3 424.3 216.7 197.1
DIFFERENCE -3.5 21.8 4.2 10.5 -11.2 0.3 31.9 16.4 3.1 -16.7 -16.0 7.3 41.9 11.7 3.9
Stations/District 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Mean SD CV % AREA Sq.
Km. STATIONS RAINY DAYS Highest lowest
Barmer 759 255 207 167 433.5 343 258 263.8 163.2 61.9 2893.87 Barmer 14 759 37
Chohtan 875 181 294 240 560 605 203 288.0 188.2 65.4 4692.11 Chohtan 15 875 36
Pachpadra 547 294 424 156 501 359 189 246.1 134.8 54.8 3458.27 Pachpadra 15 590 37
Sheo 478 275 191 210 428 310 216 220.7 110.3 50.0 6616.32 Sheo 13 525 31
Siwana 503 288 418 201 722 305 288 349.6 202.3 57.9 2045.15 Siwana 17 1052 34
BARMER DIST. ( Mean AM) 632.4 258.6 306.8 194.8 528.9 384.4 230.8 273.6 142.5 52.1 19705.72
SD 175.2 45.9 111.4 33.9 120.7 125.4 41.1 49.1
CV% 28 18 36 17 23 33 18 18 MEAN 15
MEAN(WT) 628.5 254.4 282.3 200.4 503.6 393.2 221.8 260.9 SD 1
DIFFERENCE 3.9 4.2 24.5 -5.6 25.3 -8.8 9.0 12.7 CV % 10
72
District: Bikaner
Table2.3: Stations wise Annual Rainfall (in mm), Variability and District Rainfall Statistics
Stations/District 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973
Bikaner 199.4 309.9 218 225 374.6 287.5 113.8 284.5 174.1 357.7 323.2 54.4 127.6 298.7 185 278.1 212.9
Lunkaransar 263.6 360.1 261.5 265 282.3 262.3 96.5 269.5 192.6 363.3 278.5 92.4 219.4 328.3 126 161.9 308.2
Kolayat 143 140.5 184.5 190 196.4 158.5 60 443.9 116.3 276 307 80.5 179 393 120.5 175 240.6
Nokha 232.9 305.2 188.1 192 334 332.6 179.2 541 154 301.5 370 157 207 350.4 425.2 227.2 359.3
Dungargarh 196.6 663.3 291.1 295 354.3 181.1 161.5 232.7 133.9 321.6 301 310 63.9 503.5 220 246.8 331.1
BIKANER DIST. ( Mean AM) 207.1 355.8 228.6 233.4 308.3 244.4 122.2 354.3 154.2 324.0 315.9 138.9 159.4 374.8 215.3 217.8 290.4
SD 45.1 190.8 46.6 46.0 71.4 73.0 48.5 132.0 30.5 37.1 34.2 102.9 64.0 79.8 124.5 48.8 61.7
CV% 22 54 20 20 23 30 40 37 20 11 11 74 40 21 58 22 21
MEAN(WT) 199.5 253.9 209.9 214.8 272.1 238.1 100.4 393.6 151.8 315.7 314.3 94.1 186.6 353.8 190.2 197.7 276.1
DIFFERENCE 7.6 101.9 18.7 18.6 36.2 6.3 21.8 -39.2 2.4 8.4 1.6 44.8 -27.2 20.9 25.2 20.1 14.3
THESILS/DISTRICT 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Bikaner 363.3 212 364 383.4 340.1 228.6 195.3 409 337 558.5 136.5 161.3 333 188 243 297.9 291.6
Lunkaransar 136 317 462 487.2 580 223 241 262 434 448 122 127 213 175 196 159 270
Kolayat 159.1 270.4 336 286.9 373 299.2 177.9 108.3 335 476 255 104 152 188 144 333 192
Nokha 243.1 769.4 264.6 466.5 395.6 251.4 197.5 234.1 365 601 259 134 183 145 333 342 478
Dungargarh 156.7 459 504.4 604 696 76 259 300 426 904 252 123 247 180 327 314 317
BIKANER DIST. ( Mean AM) 211.6 405.6 386.2 445.6 476.9 215.6 214.1 262.7 379.4 597.5 204.9 129.9 225.6 175.2 248.6 289.2 309.7
SD 94.2 222.9 96.8 118.7 153.9 83.6 34.2 108.9 47.8 182.1 69.3 20.8 69.6 17.8 82.2 74.7 105.0
CV% 45 55 25 27 32 39 16 41 13 30 34 16 31 10 33 26 34
MEAN(WT) 201.0 368.6 358.6 387.0 424.7 259.8 200.3 218.0 366.1 505.6 203.7 124.5 201.5 176.5 208.7 285.2 281.9
DIFFERENCE 10.6 37.0 27.6 58.6 52.3 -44.2 13.8 44.7 13.3 91.9 1.2 5.4 24.1 -1.3 39.9 4.0 27.8
73
THESILS/DISTRICT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Mean SD CV % AREA
Sq. Km. STATIONS RAINY DAYS Highest lowest
Bikaner 277 362 254 293.5 409 356 343 263.7 100.4 38.1 3084.5 Bikaner 17 559 32
Lunkaransar 207 340 545 416 783 549 558 296.3 157.3 53.1 5036.6 Lunkaransar 18 783 64
Kolayat 223 324.3 334 204 386 259 419 268.2 150.3 56.0 7957.6 Kolayat 16 894 60
Nokha 227 422 314 157 495 480 370 314.7 141.5 45.0 3803 Nokha 20 769 71
Dungargarh 202 231 369 199 417 380 193 320.0 167.2 52.2 Dungargarh 19 904 64
BIKANER DIST. ( Mean AM) 227.2 335.9 363.2 253.9 498.0 404.8 376.6 292.6 113.3 38.7 19882
SD 29.8 69.4 109.9 103.4 164.5 112.6 131.9 25.9
CV% 13 21 30 41 33 28 35 9 MEAN 18
MEAN(WT) 228.1 352.8 371.2 262.6 511.0 389.8 433.0 283.5 SD 2
DIFFERENCE -0.9 -17.0 -8.0 -8.7 -13.0 15.0 -56.4 9.1 CV % 9
Stations/District 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Bikaner 147.9 396 227 314 329 297 137 328 188 147 206 32 245 97 313
Lunkaransar 109 260 122 112 425 331 595 439 156 564 263 64 326 106 339
Kolayat 89 444 246 426 283 540 894 519 368 202 459 60.6 384.7 85.3 276
Nokha 79 500 267 335 242 616 541 234 351 310 270 71 392 205 224
Dungargarh 156 428.5 349 236 445 602 561 348 296 283 209 73 442 115 431
BIKANER DIST. ( Mean AM) 116.2 405.7 242.2 284.6 344.8 477.2 545.6 373.6 271.8 301.2 281.4 60.1 357.9 121.7 316.6
SD 34.5 89.7 81.7 117.8 88.2 152.2 269.7 109.1 95.6 160.5 103.6 16.5 75.4 47.9 77.2
CV% 30 22 34 41 26 32 49 29 35 53 37 27 21 39 24
MEAN(WT) 101.3 400.7 215.7 311.7 318.3 463.9 633.3 414.6 283.1 305.8 333.9 59.0 349.6 115.3 287.8
DIFFERENCE 14.9 5.0 26.5 -27.1 26.5 13.3 -87.7 -41.0 -11.3 -4.6 -52.5 1.1 8.4 6.4 28.8
74
District: JAISALMER
Table2.4: Stations wise Annual Rainfall (in mm), Variability and District Rainfall Statistics
Stations/District 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973
Jaisalmer 202.1 210.1 67 134.1 340.3 197.9 30.1 67.1 118 40.4 150.4 74.4 28 241.6 82.1 64.9 311.6
Fatehgarh 242.9 187.4 156.1 156.1 406.1 124 16.2 97 40.8 24 100.5 74.4 28.2 125 89.2 148 332
Pokran 229.5 130.1 154 154 287.5 190.8 84.8 153.4 218.3 210.7 152.6 38 29 190.2 154.4 88.6 141.4
Ramgarh 83.8 72.5 45.4 45.4 299.8 92.3 100.3 184.2 86.5 96 165 13 2 121.5 154 27 244.1
Sam 176.3 125 87.1 87.1 633.5 270.9 82.6 133.1 89.5 76.6 90.7 30 8 331.3 295.8 40.8 1304
Nokh 200.6 195.1 135 135 224.7 144.6 13.4 199.4 140 148 119 45 70 216 214 56.4 108.6
JAISALMER DIST. ( Mean AM) 189.2 153.4 107.4 118.6 365.3 170.1 54.6 139.0 115.5 99.3 129.7 45.8 27.5 204.3 164.9 71.0 407.0
SD 56.7 52.9 47.3 43.6 144.5 63.5 38.9 50.7 60.5 69.9 30.6 24.6 23.8 78.7 80.4 43.2 448.4
CV% 30 35 44 37 40 37 71 36 52 70 24 54 87 39 49 61 110
MEAN(WT) 213.5 187.7 98.7 141.5 334.7 187.8 42.1 91.9 134.1 80.8 145.3 65.4 28.3 215.6 100.8 80.2 271.7
DIFFERENCE -24.3 -34.3 8.8 -22.9 30.6 -17.7 12.5 47.1 -18.6 18.5 -15.6 -19.6 -0.7 -11.4 64.1 -9.2 135.2
THESILS/DISTRICT 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Jaisalmer 93.1 478 345 181 276.1 288.7 170.5 319.2 221.3 337.3 160.4 115.4 65 39 231.5 182 133
Fatehgarh 45 139 340 143.4 146 98 150 23 83 67 69 22 65 30 83 73 203
Pokran 62 339.5 363 203.5 138 178 207.5 108.9 135 434 171 175.5 102 130.5 179.5 108 118
Ramgarh 33.8 240.6 173 247 235 128 75 127 72 136 66 60 125 15 42 259.4 246.5
Sam 71 440 203 123 165 166 142.5 50 134 246 142 22 131.5 50 180 215.2 192
Nokh 94 142 275 189 108 162 148 201 167 335 88 94 167.3 74 82 99 140
JAISALMER DIST. ( Mean AM) 66.5 296.5 283.2 181.2 178.0 170.1 148.9 138.2 135.4 259.2 116.1 81.5 109.3 56.4 133.0 156.1 172.1
SD 24.6 146.4 80.1 44.1 64.1 65.1 43.4 108.4 55.0 137.6 47.3 59.5 40.2 41.4 74.1 73.9 49.7
CV% 37 49 28 24 36 38 29 78 41 53 41 73 37 73 56 47 29
MEAN(WT) 79.9 405.2 348.9 182.3 227.1 239.6 177.3 233.5 184.2 330.6 152.7 119.7 74.2 60.7 201.8 151.3 137.2
DIFFERENCE -13.5 -108.7 -65.7 -1.2 -49.1 -69.5 -28.4 -95.3 -48.8 -71.4 -36.6 -38.2 35.1 -4.2 -68.8 4.8 34.9
75
THESILS/DISTRICT 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Jaisalmer 127.8 227.3 370.7 196 320.5 190 185 333 248 145 321 63 178 47.3 220.5
Fatehgarh 81 105.5 274 287.7 234.2 211 187 318 233 368 333 44.5 324 148 190
Pokran 84 116.5 147.5 459 237 433 211.5 328 267 208 294.3 48.5 194 85 154
Ramgarh 36 154 154 326.6 162.2 116.8 230 273 182 34 121 9 212 29 57
Sam 63 326 177.5 212 233 116 246 204.1 373 78 79 51 163 77 114
Nokh 97 453.4 268 228 269 522 282.5 336 208.9 279 155 48 209 91 275
JAISALMER DIST. ( Mean AM) 81.5 230.5 232.0 284.9 242.7 264.8 223.7 298.7 252.0 185.3 217.2 44.0 213.3 79.6 168.4
SD 31.0 136.6 87.7 98.5 51.8 171.5 37.4 51.8 66.3 125.5 111.7 18.3 57.3 41.1 77.6
CV% 38 59 38 35 21 65 17 17 26 68 51 42 27 52 46
MEAN(WT) 111.6 186.0 304.4 271.6 290.0 252.6 191.8 330.1 251.0 185.9 315.7 57.3 198.5 68.1 200.6
DIFFERENCE -30.2 44.4 -72.5 13.3 -47.4 12.2 31.9 -31.4 1.0 -0.6 -98.5 -13.3 14.8 11.5 -32.1
THESILS/DISTRICT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Mean SD CV % AREA Sq.
Km. STATIONS RAINY DAYS Highest lowest
Jaisalmer 512.8 195.2 173.5 91 309 277 219 195.5 112.0 57.3 24519 Jaisalmer 11 513 28
Fatehgarh 527 187 342 97 396 493 335 175.8 127.3 72.4 4352.3 Fatehgarh 9 527 16
Pokran 141 401 423 84 540 487 259 202.9 120.6 59.4 9516.8 Pokran 13 540 29
Ramgarh 157 178 139 100 386 162 183 134.2 88.3 65.8 Ramgarh 8 386 2
Sam 256 184.2 88 64.5 226.5 104 131.5 180.4 189.5 105.0 Sam 9 1304 8
Nokh 59 385 181 175 395 326 263 186.4 105.9 56.8 Nokh 10 522 13
JAISALMER DIST. ( Mean AM) 275.5 255.1 224.4 101.9 375.4 308.2 231.8 179.2 88.9 49.6 38389
SD 199.5 107.1 129.3 38.0 104.5 161.5 70.7 24.2
CV% 72 42 58 37 28 52 30 13 MEAN 10
MEAN(WT) 422.2 245.3 254.5 89.9 376.1 353.5 242.1 195.1 SD 2
DIFFERENCE -146.8 9.8 -30.0 12.0 -0.7 -45.4 -10.3 -15.9 CV % 18
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