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QUANTITATIVE WASTEPREVENTIONBENCHMARKS
Jean-Pierre Hannequart
QUANTITATIVE WASTE PREVENTION BENCHMARKS
European Legal Concept of Prevention and Benchmarks
ACR+ Proposals about QuantitativeBenchmarks
Quantitative Comparative Data
Final Remarks
EUROPEAN LEGAL CONCEPT
PREVENTION IS : PREVENTION QUANTITATIVE AND PREVENTION QUALITATIVE
Article 3, (12): "prevention" means : …measures taken before a waste,… including the
re-use of products that reduce:a) the quantity of wasteb) the adverse impacts of the generated waste c) the content of harmful substances
PREVENTION INCLUDES PRODUCT RE-USE
WASTE PREVENTION IS »BEFORE WASTE »MORE THAN (= NOT) « WASTE MINIMIZATION »
Strict avoidance
Reduction at source
Re-use
Recycling
Incineration
Land filling
Waste prevention
Waste minimization Waste disposal
Products/Materials Waste
Prepare for re-use
A NEW EUROPEAN LEGAL CONCEPT
Article 3, (13): "re-use" means any operation by which products or components that are not waste are used again for the same purpose for which they were conceived
Article 3, (16) "preparing for re-use" means checking, cleaning or repairingrecovery operations, by which products or components of productsthat have become waste are prepared so that they will be re-usedwithout any other pre-processing
3 LEVELS OF « RE-USE » (Sensu Lato)
EUROPEAN LEGAL CONCEPT
3 RE-USE LEVELS
(Product) re-use
Waste re-use without complexe pre-processing
Waste re-use with
complex pre-processing
Prevention
Recycling
Preparing
for re-use
EUROPEAN LEGAL CONCEPT
3 RE-USE LEVELS AND…
A NEW EUROPEAN LEGAL CONCEPT
REUSE PREPARING FOR REUSE RECYCLING
Textiles
Paper
EEE
Selling secondhand
Cleaning oldclothes
Using oldtextiles as rag
Re-using as they are
Repairingappliances
Dismantling & recovering
components
Re-using paper bags
Preparing a notepad withunused side
Transformingold papers into
new ones
PREVENTION PROGRAMME RECOVERY RATE
ORGANIC MATERIAL
Not discarded
Discarded
WASTE
PRODUCTor By product
Same purpose
Otherpurpose
REUSE
PRODUCTMANAGEMENT
Control,CleaningRepairing PREPARING
FOR RE-USE
Otherpreprocessing RECYCLING
COMPOSTING AT SOURCE CAN
BE PREVENTION OR RECYCLING
A NEW EUROPEAN LEGAL CONCEPT
THE PREVENTION OBLIGATIONS
TO FOLLOW THE HIERARCHY IN LEGISLATION AND POLICY (EXCEPT « LIFE-CYCLE THINKING »)
TO PROMOTE RE-USE (and preparing for re-use)
TO ADOPT WASTE PREVENTION PROGRAMMES
3 MAIN PRESCRIPTIONS
PREVENTIONPreparing for re-use
TO FOLLOW THE HIERARCHY IN LEGISLATION AND POLICY
PRIORITY ORDER
EXCEPT… IF PROOF (« Life cycle thinking »)
Art. 11 Member States shall take measures, as appropriate,to promote the re-use of products and preparing for re-use activities, notably by
- encouraging the establishment and support of re-use and repair networks,
- the use of economic instruments,- procurement criteria, - quantitative objectives - or other measures
TO PROMOTE REUSE
Article 29 &1 Member States shall etablish…waste prevention
programmes not later than 12 December 2013
TO ADOPT WASTE PREVENTION PROGRAMMES
… integrated either into the waste management plans or not
… shall set out waste prevention objectives… shall describe the existing prevention measures &
evaluate the usefulness of others… shall determine appropriate specific qualitative or
quantitative benchmarks
Article 29: ( WASTE PREVENTION PROGRAMMES)…&3 Member States shall determinate appropriate specific qualitative or
quantitative benchmarks for waste prevention measures adopted in order to monitor and assess the progress of the measures and may determinate specific qualitative or quantitative targets and indicators,other than those adopted (via Comitology)…
« BENCHMARKS » ARE A LEGAL OBLIGATION(« shall »…« qualitative or quantitative »… « appropriate ») and SOMEQUANTITATIVE TARGETS AND INDICATORS ARE TO BE FIXED ( …some indicators are to be fixed by european regulatory procedure)
3 CONCEPTS BENCHMARKS = comparisons of performances and methods ,with the goal of assessing and improving waste preventionTARGETS = levels of performanceINDICATORS = instruments of measurement and verification of targets.
EUROPEAN LEGAL CONCEPT
ACR+ PROPOSALS
Develop quantitative benckmarks for municipal wastepreventionTo consider the existing european average at 600 kg/inh/year of municipal waste
Bio-waste
Paper
Packaging
BulkyOther
5080
150
100
220
ACR+ PROPOSALS
To develop systematic (voluntary ) preventative actions for the 5 main municipal waste flows
To determinate the european average wastereduction potential –
(= EUROPEAN QUANTITATIVE BENCHMARK FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE)
… based on the results of the best practices
Based on a EU average of
600 kg/inh/year
there is a waste reduction potential (EUROPEAN BENCHMARK)
100 kg/inh/year
(~ 15%) !
ACR+ PROPOSALS
New
Quantitative benchmarks for Municipal Waste Prevention
ACR+
November 2009
GUIDE: Quantitative benchmarking for Municipal Waste Prevention
a new ACR+ guidea thorough review of the waste prevention prescriptions contained in the new Waste Framework Directive.an in-depth research on the principles and applications of benchmarking and, finally, a systematic effort to capture, in a European context, 95 quantitative waste prevention examples that, through voluntary actions, exemplify the potential waste reductions achievable at regional and local levels.
ACR+ PROPOSALS
GREEN SCAPING AND SMART GARDENING
- Chester-le-Street District (Scotland) …meadow areas… CUTTINGS FROM 35 to 1-3x:year
- Province of Vlaams Brabant (Belgium)…slow growing grasses… LESS 40% MOWING – 50% CLIPPING
- Montgomery County Council (Maryland-US)…ban on disposal of yard trimmings… LESS 50% YARD TRIMMINGS
( 55KG/INH/YEAR)
EU BENCHMARK- 10 (of 90) kg
ACT AGAINST FOOD WASTAGE
FOOD = 20-30% of
total CO2 emissions
- Oporto Region-Lipor (Portugal)… serving the right portion… Less 20- 25KG per restaurant/day
- Brussels Region (Belgium)… 6 pilot households … Less 15kg/inh/year
- Amiat-Torino (Italy)… collection of bread and fruit in schools … More 1kg/pupils
EU BENCHMARK- 10 (of 30) kg
COMPOSTING AT SOURCE
Promote composting : - individual- neighbourhood- green areas
- MARTELLAGO-LOMBARDY(Italy)…compost bins distribution and tax break ….Less 77kg/inh/year
- (GAIA )ASTI PROVINCE (Italy)…pro-compost campaing… Less 85Kg/inh/year
- MILTON KEYNES (UK)…home composting information campaing Less 100kg/hhld/year
- RENNES METROPOLE (France)….community composting…. Less 93 kg/hhld/year
- Zurich (Switzerland)…community composting parks Less 100 kg/hhld/year
EU BENCHMARK-20 (of 100) kg
RefillableBottle!!!
- Zonhoven (Belgium) …refillable packaging credits less 2kg/inh/year
- San Sebastian (Giupuzkoa-Spain) …pilot families 20% waste reduction
EU BENCHMARK- 12 (of 35) kg
USING REFILLABLE BOTTLES
Promoting tap water
2,780.3Portugal
2,782.1Austria
2,987.1
Czech Republic
3,192.0Cyprus
3,399.6Switzerland
4,2124.9Germany
4,6136.7Spain
4,7141.6France
4,9148.0
Belgium & Luxembourg*
6,1183.6Italy
Packaging weightkg/pers/year
Bottled Water Consumption per Person in Leading Countries, 2004 (in liters)
Country
- Brussels Region (Belgium)…water fountains in schools
40% reduction
- University of Barcelona (Catalunia-Spain)…gotimplora
10% less plastic dispenser’s used
EU BENCHMARK- 2 (of 6) kg
ENCOURAGING REUSABLE BAGS
- Walloon Region (Belgium)…information campaign 36% less single
- Luxembourg…voluntary agreement 38% reuse increase
- Marks and Spencer (UK)…surcharge on disposable bags 83% less single
EU BENCHMARK- 1 (of 2) kg
FIGHTING AGAINST EXCESS PACKAGING
France 206Italy 198Netherlands 193Luxembourg 190Germany 187UK 167Average 161Denmark 159Spain 157Belgium 144Austria 131Sweden 115Finland 87
Amount put on the market (kg/inhab/2000)
- Suzzara,Mogliano,Valdano (Italy)…prevention campaign 2% reduction
.- IOK – Kempen ( Belgium)…pilot person 67% reduction
- Munich (Germany)…ban of disposable crockery 90% reduction in events
- Grocery Organizations (UK)…Courtauld Commiment 5-25% reduction
EUBENCHMARK:- 10 (of 107) kg
REDUCING UNWANTED MAIL
- DOGLIANY (ITALY)…no junk mail sticker less 4 kg/inh/year
- SANDWELL (SCOTLAND)…mail preference service 1/3 reduction
EU BENCHMARK:- 4 (of 15) kg
ENCOURAGING DEMATERIALISATION
- Brussels Region (Belgium)…pilot program 18% lesspaper consumption
- Rhône Department (France)…new printing policy 20% less
- Kolding (Denmark)…municipal documents demat.
10 less
- London Boroughs (UK)…education campaign in schools
50% less
EU BENCHMARK:
- 9 (of 75) kg
REDUCING TOWEL PAPERS
- Cambridge (England)…bathroom towel paper reduction less 3kg/employee
- Skoy Enterprises (California-USA)…compostable cleaning clothes less 2kg /hh/year
EU BENCHMARK:- 2 (of 10) kg
REUSING CLOTHES
- « Roba Amiga »/Catalonia (Spain)…800 containers 40% reuse
- « Koopera »/Basque Country (Spain)…3kg/inh/year collected 45% reuse
EUBENCHMARK:
- 4 (of 15) kg
REUSING FURNITURE
- Bristol (UK)...Furniture re-use network 60% diversionrate
- Gerona/Catalunia (Spain)…itinerant exchange market 20% reduction
- Dortmund (Germany)…ecomoebel certificate 5-8% reuse
EU BENCHMARK:
- 4 (of 20) kg
REUSING EEE - Basque Country (Spain)… « Ekorrepara »0.15 kg/inh/year reused
- Vlaams Brabant (Belgium)… « Televil »
15% prepared for reuse
- Vienna (Austria)…« Reparatur and Service Zentrum »
less 25% WEE
EU BENCHMARK:- 4 (of 17) kg
ENCOURAGING REUSABLE NAPPIES
- Leuven (Belgium)…financial support less 1.35kg/inh/year
-Landkreis Schweinfurt (Germany)…promotion of reusable and PAYT less 2.4kg
EU BENCHMARK:
- 2 (of 18) kg
CONSUMING LESS MATERIAL GOODS
LONDON (UK)… « toy libraries »
less 5-10 kg/hh participating/year EU BENCHMARK:- 6 (of 60) kg
100600
660• Other municipal waste prevention strategies
218• Swap to reusable nappies and incontinence pads
878NAPPIES & OTHER WASTE5
417• Promote WEEE prevention
420• Promote furniture waste prevention
415• Promote clothes & other textiles waste prevention
1252BULKY WASTE4
210• Reducing kitchen, tissue and towel paper
975• Encourage dematerialisation through ICT
415• Reducing unwanted & unaddressed mail
15100PAPER WASTE3
10107• Fight against excess packaging
12• Encouraging reusable bags
26• Promoting tap water
1235• Encouraging refillable/returnable bottles
25150PACKAGING2
20100• Home, community & on-site composting
1030• Act against food waste
• Smart gardening1090
• Green scaping
40220BIO-WASTE1
Potential waste reduction (kg/hab./y)*
Generation(kg/hab./y)Actions for the 5 flows
Based on a EU average of
600 kg/inh/year
there is a waste reduction potential
(EUROPEAN BENCHMARK)
100 kg/inh/year
(~ 15%) !
Portugal / preparatory document
- Less 30 kg/inh/year of bio-waste- Less 10 kg/inh/year of packaging- Less 4 kg /inh/year of paper waste- Less 2kg /inh/year of bulky and others waste
------------------total : less 46 kg/inh/year
QUANTITATIVE COMPARATIVE DATA
QUANTITATIVE COMPARATIVE DATA
FRANCE / GRENELLE TARGETS
LESS 5 KG/INH/Y DURING 5 YEARS (less 25kg)
TOTAL POTENTIAL OF WASTE PREVENTION:= 39% (=150KG/INH/YEAR)
Brussels Region/ WASTE REDUCTION TARGETS 2014 and 2020
( Kg/inh/y)Food waste : - 2 and - 5Green waste: - 6 - 12Paper waste: - 3 - 7Packaging : - 5 - 10Nappies : - 1Gadgets : - 2Re-use : - 3 - 6
------- -------less 21 less 41
QUANTITATIVE COMPARATIVE DATA
WALLOON REGION : LESS 16 KG/INB/Y AFTER 3 YEARS
- GREEN WASTE : - 9 (from 35% to 40% participation; 20% of total hhwaste composted)
- ORGANIC WASTE : - 2 ( 30% participation; less 25% of food wastage / 22Kg )
- BULKY : - 0,4 ( + 1kg /inh/y of bulky reusable/9Kg)- PACKAGING : - 1 ( less 4% of packaging final waste/26kg)- NAPPIES : - 0,6 ( 5% of children/13Kg)- PAPER : - 4 (20% participation with stickers;5% with
Robinson list / 21KG)
QUANTITATIVE COMPARATIVE DATA
UK – APPROXIMATIVE CAMPAIGNS IMPACT
HOME COMPOSTING : 60 kg/inb/yFOOD WASTE : 34BULKY WASTE : 1.2CROSS-CUTTING : 17
Source: Brooklyndhurst for DEFRA, oct.2009
QUANTITATIVE COMPARATIVE DATA
PAYT- 14% (762KG/ US-Cities)- 12% (319KG/ Dresden)- 15% (South Korea)
Source:Kit Strange for DEFRA 2009
QUANTITATIVE COMPARATIVE DATA
FINAL REMARKS
SOME QUANTITATIVE BENCHMARKS FOR WASTE REDUCTION ARE AVAILABLE
BUT SOME SPECIFIC TARGETS ARE TO BE FIXED AT LOCAL/REGIONAL/NATIONAL LEVELS
FINAL REMARKS
WASTE REDUCTION TARGET =Individual or Global
GLOBAL WASTE REDUCTION TARGET =% Participation
+ % Waited Effect+ % Past-Futur
FINAL REMARKS
WASTE REDUCTION NEEDS the involment of consumers
BUT ALSO OF PRODUCERS AND DISTRIBUTORS
WASTE REDUCTION NEEDS voluntaryactions
BUT ALSO LEGAL AND ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS
ACR+Association of Cities and Regions for recycling
and sustainable resource management
+32/ 2 234 65 00
THANK YOU
Jean-Pierre HANNEQUARTjph@ibgebim.be
www.acrplus.org
Gulledelle 1001200 Bruxelles+32/ 2 775 75 02
www.ibgebim.be
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