quality of life & opportunities to position parks & recreation

Quality of life & opportunities to position parks & recreation

INGRID E. SCHNEIDER, PHD

BRIGID TUCK, MS

XINYI QIAN, PHD

MRPA LEADERSHIP SUMMIT, MAY 2014

Forest & Natural Resource Mgmt Major

Park and Protected Area Management track

TOURISM CENTER

Vision: – Be the source for tourism education & research

Mission/end: – Lead, prepare & support tourism for success & sustainability

Outputs: – Educational programs

– Educational & research publications

– Educational products

– Engagement

– Research projects with reports/presentations

Outcomes:

–Informed decisions, educated workforce & engaged communities

OUR TRAIL TODAY

Quality of life….

Economic impact…

Festival & events…

Sustainability

QUALITY OF LIFE (QOL)

3 STUDY METHODS (SCHNEIDER, GUO, SCHROEDER)

Literature review

Focus groups Questionnaire

METHOD 2, FOCUS GROUPS (N=29)

FOCUS GROUP RESULTS: 11 QOL AREAS

METHOD 3: QUESTIONNAIRE Representative

sample, 45% response

Quantify QOL &

transportation’s role

Importance &

satisfaction with

performance

Northwest

Northeast

Central

(7 county)

MINNESOTANS’ SATISFIED WITH QUALITY OF LIFE

QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS PREVIEW

IMPORTANCE OF QOL AREAS

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Rec and entertainment

Local services and amenities

Transportation

Spirituality faith and serenity

Education

Environment

Employment and finances

Housing

Family, friends and neighors

Safety and security

Health

Very unimportant Somewhat unimportant Slightly unimportant

Neither Slight important Somewhat important

Very important

RELATIONSHIP AMONG 11 QOL AREAS

Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3

Health Education Local services/

amenities

Spirituality, faith &

serenity

Family/friends Environment Recreation

Safety/security Employment

Housing

Transportation

HEALTHY PARKS & HEALTHY LIVES

2002 Presidential E.O. 13266: improve citizen health.

PA 1 of 4 pillars; led to MOU with DHHS, USDA, USDOI,

National Recreation & Parks Association ‘healthy

parks/healthy lives’

“Outdoor alliance for Kids (OAK)” national coalition to get

kids outdoors & active

– ‘Moving outdoors in nature act’

First Lady’s initiatives

– Let’s move (LM Outside; DOI administers)

– Get outdoors

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OPPORTUNITIES

Trans Home

US stats on obesity

UFF DA!

http://www.health.state.mn.us/cdrr/obesity/index.html

LEISURE TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (LTPA) & PARKS

Public parks & trails: important places to

facilitate LTPA & improve public health

Park use linked to several physical health

outcomes

Motivations

Physical activity common benefit

sought by people using parks & trails (Bichis-Lupas & Moisey, 2001; Payne et al.,

Approximately 9 of 10 U.S.

citizens participate in outdoor

recreation (RoperASW, 2004)

24% of U.S. adults report no

leisure time physical activity (CDC, 2008)

DISPARITY IN OBESITY & PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

63.0% U.S. adults overweight or obese (CDC, 2007)

72.5% Black

66.8% Hispanic

Inactivity contributing factor

– 14% U.S. population is inactive

21.5% Black

22.1% Hispanic

– 48% meet the recommended

amount of physical activity (CDC, 2008)

40.2% Black

41.1% Hispanic

RESULTS- CONSTRAINTS TO LTPA DIFFERENCES BY RACE/ETHNICITY (SCHNEIDER, WILHELM

STANIS, SHINEW, CHAVEZ)

Summary:

Hispanic/Latino & Black: most constrained & visitors

have BMI > healthy

PROBLEM! Visitors who most need LTPA are most

constrained !

RELATIONSHIP AMONG 11 QOL AREAS

Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3

Health Education Local services/

amenities

Spirituality, faith &

serenity

Family/friends Environment Recreation

Safety/security Employment

Housing

Transportation

IMPORTANCE OF PARKS/REC TO MN IMAGE Water/lakes/rivers

Fishing…

Hunting..

Scenery…

Parks/trails…

Outdoor activities…

Charming small towns… http://www.exploreminnesota.com/industry-minnesota/research-reports/researchdetails/?nid=168

QUALITY OF LIFE (QOL)

A CLOSER LOOK AT PARK/RECREATION ASSETS IN RELATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE & $

Byways

Festivals/Events

150 Scenic Byways in 46 states

Driving as leisure travel

49% drive for pleasure (Cordell et al. in press)

40% travelers use

scenic byway (USDOT

BYWAY RELEVANCE: ECONOMIC FLOW

BYWAY RELEVANCE: ECONOMIC ROI PRIMARY RESEARCH NEED (WILLIAMS ET AL. 2012)

BEYOND $, BYWAY RELEVANCE: LIVABILITY/QUALITY OF LIFE (QOL)

PROJECT PURPOSE (SCHNEIDER, LIECHTY, & TUCK)

Assess

Byway impact on quality of life elements

Economic impact of byway visitors

MINNESOTA BYWAYS

6 National

22 designated scenic drives

39 million travelers

driving =13% of travel

activities (EMT 2007)

METHODS –2 STUDY SITES

Paul Bunyan:

54 miles

Nat’l & state

Visitation: ??;

Lake Country:

88 miles

Est. visitation: 250,000

RESIDENTS…RESULTS OVERVIEW

Byway contributes to 8 of 14 important

quality of life attributes

4 of 5 most important & contributing similar

across Byways

Residents > aware of Byways than visitors

Resident QOL: 4 top contributing attributes similar

RESIDENT QOL: 2 DIFFER IN TOP 5

Lake Country : Paul Bunyan:

Events Community amenities

RESIDENT: 6 AREAS BYWAYS NOT

PERCEIVED AS CONTRIBUTING TO QOL

Feeling safe

Good jobs for residents

Property value

Diverse economy

Proper zoning

Good public

transportation

RESIDENT QOL FINDINGS: SO WHAT?

Max what matters!

Educate about Byway

impact

PROJECT PURPOSE

Assess

Impact on quality of life

Economic impact of byway visitors

ECONOMIC IMPACTS RESULT PREVIEW

< 10% visit because of Byway

10-15% alter route because of Byway

% spending on trip similar to other

research

ECONOMIC: BYWAY AWARENESS (%)

ECONOMIC: BYWAY & IMPACT ON VISITATION (%)

RESULTS: TOURIST PARTY SPENDING PROFILES (US$)

Results: Total Economic Impact $12-38 million US$

VISITOR FINDINGS: SO WHAT? Economic impact of

Residents don’t

recognize them

Opportunity to

increase awareness &

increase visitation

SUMMARY FINDINGS Byways contribute to -

important QOL &

Residents don’t

recognize breadth of

Byway contributions &

Visitors not aware

Opportunity!

A CLOSER LOOK AT PARK/RECREATION ASSETS Byways

Festivals/Events

IMPACT OF 3M CHAMPIONSHIP

ECONOMIC IMPACT ANALYSIS

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF 3M GOLF

DirectIndirect

InducedTotal

Labor Income

Output

VISITOR SPENDING

General Public

Sponsored Guests

Players & Guests

million

SPENDING PER PERSON

$1,000

$1,200

$1,400

$1,600

$1,800

$2,000

General Publiic Sponsored - Non-Golfer

Players Sponsored -Golfer

TOP INDUSTRIES IMPACTED

SUMMARY FINDINGS

Returns to residents: $7 million

Returns for businesses: $11.7 million

– Restaurants and bars

– Hotels and motels

– Advertising

A CLOSER LOOK AT PARK/RECREATION ASSETS Byways

Festivals/Events

FESTIVAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO QOL (QIAN & SIMMONS)

MN FESTIVALS & EVENTS 2013

Methods:

– Online questionnaire

– Respondents (876 usable contacts):

Response rate=21% (n=194)

Completion rate=18% (n=156)

PURPOSES OF FESTIVALS & EVENTS

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Percentage of respondents

Lore/Legend Ethnic Diversity Promote Natural Resources

Charity Sports/Outdoor Activities Support Heritage of Community

Promote Local Retail Sales Promote Arts and Crafts Provide Local Entertainment

Develop a Sense of Community Attract Visitors

Develop a sense of community

Attract visitors

Provide local entertainment

ACTIVITIES OFFERED AT FESTIVALS & EVENTS

12 11 11

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Percentage of respondents

Flea Markets Tractor Pulling Contests Midway Rides

Games of Chance Fireworks Bingo

Classic Auto or Machinery Shows Beauty Contests and Talent Shows Beer/Wine Brewing/Tasting

Athletic Contests Parades Dance

Business Display Booths Arts and Crafts Fairs and Shows Food Vendors

Live Entertainment

Live entertainment Food vendors Arts & Crafts Fairs & Shows

COMMUNITY QUALITY OF LIFE WITH VOLUNTEERS

None 1-10 11-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 Morethan 250

Number of volunteers at festival/event

ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

0 20 40

$999 or less

$1,000-$9,999

$10,000-$24,999

$25,000-$49,999

$50,000 or more

Percentage of respondents

Budget

0 10 20 30

No Income

$1,999 or less

$2,000-$4,999

$5,000-$9,999

$10,000-$24,999

$25,000-$49,999

$50,000 or more

Income

ENGAGEMENT & ECONOMICS OF SPONSORSHIPS

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Service Clubs

Chamber of Commerce

City or County Government

Non-profit Organizations

Private Businesses

Percentage of Respondents

MORE ALIKE THAN DIFFERENT? (PESCH)

In summary…

– Contribute to both

resident & visitors QOL

– Engage residents as

volunteers & sponsors

– Generate income for

community

– Build interest & income

for sponsors

FESTIVALS & EVENTS

Quality of life….

Economic impact…

Festival & events…

Sustainability

OUR TRAIL TODAY

SUSTAINABILITY

SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS PRACTICES IN TOURISM INDUSTRY

Methods:

– Online questionnaire

– Benefits/challenges & What they are doing

– Analyze by year & region

– Respondents: Usable sample size Response rate (%) Completion rate (%)

2007 451 26 19

2010 581 22 17

2013 426 16 12

WHY IMPLEMENT SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Economic savings

Improved consumer prospects

Remaining competitive

Meeting customer expectations

Improved organizational image

Improved customer perceptions

Increased environment protection

Attracting new clientele

Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree

CROSS-YEAR COMPARISON IN PERCEIVED BENEFITS TO IMPLEMENT SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES

WHY NOT IMPLEMENT SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Staff opposition

Customer opposition

Lack of interest within the organization

Lack of interest within the consumer base

Lack of professional network

Lack of control over customer behavior

Lack of information

External restrictions on operations

Time and energy

Initial financial costs

Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree

CROSS-YEAR COMPARISON IN PERCEIVED DIFFICULTIES TO IMPLEMENT SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES

1 2 3 4 5

Initial financial costs

Time and energy

Lack of information

External restrictions on operations

Lack of interest within the consumer…

Lack of interest within the organization

Staff opposition

Customer opposition

Average score

ENERGY EFFICIENCY PRACTICES

IN 2013

0 20 40 60 80

Use renewable energy sources

Operation schedules include an energy audit/assessment of thefacility by a qualified professional

Replace electric package terminal air conditioner (PTAC) unitswith more efficient heat pump technologies

Install window film to lower heating and cooling loads andreduce glare

Use occupancy sensors or timers to control lighting andvending machines in intermittent-use areas

Replace exit signs with light emitting diode (LED) Exit signs

Provide customers with ideas about energy conservationpractices

Use light emitting diode (LED) bulbs

Use an energy management system (EMS) to preventcirculating air, heating, cooling, and lighting while not necessary

Equipment is installed with or replaced by the Energy Starqualified equipment

Include periodic HVAC tune-up in our preventative maintenanceschedule

Use compact fluorescent light bulbs

Use daylight to the greatest possible extent

Completed/Ongoing

Just beginning

Under consideration

No attempt

CROSS-YEAR DIFFERENCE IN IMPLEMENTING TWO ENERGY EFFICIENCY PRACTICES

Equipment is Energy Star

qualified

Use compact fluorescent light

2007 2010 2013

No attempt Under consideration

Just beginning Completed/Ongoing

2007 2010 2013

No attempt Under consideration

Just beginning Completed/Ongoing

WATER CONSERVATION

PRACTICES IN 2013

0 20 40 60 80 100

Have a reclaimed water system

install automatic run-off water taps

Collect rainwater/stormwater to use wheneverpossible

Provide customers with ideas for waterconservation practices

Install new or replace equipment with U.S.Environmental Protection Agency's WaterSense-

labeled products

Our water plan monitors, records, and posts ratesof water use, and makes repairs or replaces

equipment when rate changes indicate problems

Install water-saving fixtures/devices

Seep or vacumm instead of wash down largeareas such as sidewalks and driveways

Include regular testing for and repairing of leaksin preventive maintenance program

Properly dispose of hazadous chemicals andavoid disposing them into the sink and toilet

Completed/ Ongoing

Just beginning

Under consideration

No attempt

CROSS-YEAR DIFFERENCE IN IMPLEMENTING WATER CONSERVATION PRACTICES

The large areas are swept or vacuumed instead of

washed down

2007 2010 2013

No attempt

Under consideration

Just beginning

Completed/Ongoing

LANDSCAPING/WILDLIFE

PRACTICES IN 2013

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Use residual pesticides or herbicides in landscaping

Use interpretative signs on nature to instruct customers

Switch to drought resistent native plants, and/or replacemowed landscaping with native ground cover in garden areas

Provide publications to offer information on native plants andwildlife

Use an integrated pest management system to reduce oreliminate the need for toxic insecticides and pesticides

Promote the Leave No Trace princples to customers andemployees

Compost landscaping wastes

Ensure that usual noise levels from all activities at the site arenot significantly more than the background noise in nearby…

Retain or include the native vegetation in landscaping

Facility design & construction reflects the natural surroundingsand culture of the area

Irrigation watering takes place in early morning or at night

Wildlife observation done from a remote distance and avoidedduring sensitive times of the year

Completed/ Ongoing

Just beginning

Under consideration

No attempt

SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES + QOL

Opportunities to reduce difficulties to

implement sustainable practices To

increase implementation

Opportunities to further implement some

sustainable practices

3 IDEAS FOR RESEARCH IN THE NEXT 3 TO 5 YEARS?! BURNING QUESTIONS…

Thanks to

Carlson Chair for Travel, Tourism & Hospitality,

UMN Central Regional

Sustainable Development Partnership!

ingridss@umn.edu

tuckb@umn.edu qianx@umn.edu

SELECT UMN RESOURCES OF INTEREST Tourism Center

– www.tourism.umn.edu; 612 624 4947

Sustainability

– MnTechnical Assistance Program

– Clean Energy Resource Team

– Center for sustainable Building Design

Economic impact

– http://www.extension.umn.edu/community/eco

nomic-impact-analysis/ 507-337-2814

quality of life & opportunities to position parks & recreation

university of minnesota

qol areas factor

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quality of life qol

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